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User:Begoon/sandbox/bare

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Fetal

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Possible effects of nicotine on the developing human fetal brain
 

Vaping during pregnancy
is not safe for the
growing fetal brain.[1]

Fetal brain development:

  • Dysregulation of serotonergic
    neurotransmitter system[3]
  • Dysregulation of other
    neurotransmitter systems[3]
  • Changes in normal
    brain development[1]
  • Developmental disturbances[2]
  • Lower birth weights compared
    to other infants[1]
  • Reduction in brain weight[8]
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy can harm fetal brain development.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Holbrook2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference EnglandAagaard2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c SGUS 2016, p. 108; Chapter 3.
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference MakadiaRoper2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference BehnkeSmith2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Chapman2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kohlmeier2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference AlkamNabeshima2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brandon2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Comparative risk assessment

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Comparative risk assessment: Potential harms and benefits of e-cigarettes
Harms Benefits
Increased youth exposure to nicotine and potentially greater initiation of conventional cigarettes Reduced disease risk for current smokers who completely switch to e-cigarettes
Slowing cessation by smokers due to nicotine addiction Reduced disease morbidity for smokers with existing heart or lung disease who switch to e-cigarettes
Nicotine addiction in former smokers who begin to use e-cigarettes and possibly transition back to smoking Potential for cessation of combustible products
Renormalization of nicotine use and smoking as acceptable Fewer users of combustible products in the entire population
Future disease risks for youth who are exposed to nicotine
Increasing the dual use of e-cigarettes with combustible products
Serving as a “gateway” to the initiation of tobacco smoking
Increased disease risk vs. complete cessation among those who use both e-cigarettes and combustible products
Exposure to secondhand aerosol and lack of clean air

Annotated image

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Possible effects of nicotine on the developing human brain
 

The use of products containing
nicotine in any form among
youth, including the use of
e-cigarettes, is unsafe.[1]

Brain development:

  • Impairs brain development[2]
  • Reduced impulse control[3]
  • Deficits in attention[3]
  • Deficits in mood disorders[3]
  • Impedes growth of neurons[2]
  • Impedes growth of brain circuits[2]
  • Affects brain architecture[2]
  • Affects brain chemistry[2]
  • Affects brain neurobehavioral activity[2]

Cognitive development:

Addiction:

  • Adolescents can get addicted more easily than adults[6]
  • E-cigarettes can prime the adolescent brain for addiction to other drugs like cocaine[6]
  • E-cigarettes can make other drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine more pleasurable to a teen's developing brain[7]
The teen years are critical for brain development, which continues into young adulthood.[7] Young people who use nicotine products in any form, including e-cigarettes, are uniquely at risk for long-lasting effects.[7]


References

  1. ^ SGUS 2016, p. 5; Chapter 1.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference England2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c SGUS 2016, p. 113; Chapter 3.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference CollacoMcGrath-Morrow2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference YuanCross2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SGUS-2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference NIDA2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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