United States Census Bureau
editTIGER
editTIGER GIS data files are available from the United States Census Bureau [1] (and redistributed through third parties [2]).
TIGER, which is short for Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing, was developed in the 1980s, following problems encountered during the 1980 census with maps and geographic classifications. TIGER first used with the 1990 census.[1] TIGER defines geographic areas and features using topology, to represent the relationships between such features on a map. TIGER enables geocoding of street addresses. TIGER data, such as roads, were largely derived from scanned 1:100,000 USGS topographic maps, with topology added.
Some of the geographic areas represented in TIGER are political areas, including counties, congressional districts, school districts, and ZIP codes. Others are statistical areas, including Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), census tracts, census block groups, and census blocks.[1]
American Indians and Alaska Nativesedit
Census geographyedit
|
Line featuresedit
Otheredit
|
Decennial Census
edit- United States Census is taken every 10 years to collect information about the people and housing of the United States.
American Community Survey
edit- The American Community Survey (ACS) [3] will be replacing the long form used in past decennial census. ACS datasets provide detailed demographic, social, economic, and housing data for the United States.
United States Geological Survey
editThe United States Geological Survey (USGS) provides a variety of spatial datasets that can be used with Geographic Information Systems to produce maps.
- Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
- National Elevation Dataset - seamless national dataset
- Digital Line Graphs (DLG)
- Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles (DOQ)
- National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) [4]
- Land Use and Land Cover Data
USGS data is available through several websites:
- http://nationalatlas.gov/ - free
- http://seamless.usgs.gov/ - free
- http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/ - order data on CD, DVD, or ftp
Seamless data distribution
edit- http://seamless.usgs.gov/ - free
Boundariesedit
Citiesedit
Elevationedit
|
Hydrographyedit
Land coveredit
|
Layer extentedit
|
Orthoimageryedit
Transportationedit
|
EarthExplorer
edit- http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/ - order data on CD, DVD, or ftp
Aerial Photosedit
Elevationedit
|
Satellite imageryeditAdvanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)edit
Declassified Satellite Imageryedit
Landsatedit
|
Topographic map dataeditDigital Line Graphsedit
Digital Raster Graphicsedit
|
Miscellaneousedit
|
National Atlas
editThe National Atlas, an initiative of the USGS, allows users to create maps online from various thematic map layers, without the need for any specialized software. National Atlas is part of a broader project, The National Map, which is a multi-agency effort to integrate a variety of datasets into one portal. Some state and local governments also participate in the initiative.[2]
- http://nationalatlas.gov/ - free
- http://nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html - Raw GIS data download (free)
Agricultureedit
Biologyedit
Boundariesedit
Climateedit
|
Environmentedit
Geologyedit
Historyedit
Map referenceedit
|
PeopleeditEconomicsedit
Healthedit
Otheredit
Transportationedit
Wateredit
|
Geodata.gov
editGeodata.gov, an iniative of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is intended to be a one-stop shop for federal, state, and local GIS data.
Other Federal agencies
editEPA
edit- http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/em/ - EnviroMapper (air releases, drinking water, toxic releases, hazardous wastes, water discharge permits, and Superfund sites)
USDA (Agriculture)
editGeneral
edit- USDA Farm Service Agency - Common Land Units
- Watershed boundaries
- Hydrological units
- National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP)
- Soils
- Precipitation
- Temperature
Crops
edit- http://www.pecad.fas.usda.gov/rssiws/ - Crop Explorer for Major Crop Region
Soils
edit- http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/ - NCSS Web Soil Survey
- http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/ - Soil Data Mart
NOAA
edit- http://gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/aimstools/gis.jsp - National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
- Local Climatological Data
- NEXRAD Level II & III Radar Imagery
- Paleoclimatology
- Precipitation - 15 minutes, hourly
- Surface Data (US & Global)
- US Climate Reference Network
- http://gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/website/ims-climatls/index.html - US Climate Atlas
- http://www.gis.ssd.nesdis.noaa.gov/ - Near real-time data (GOES, AVHRR)
- http://www.weather.gov/geodata/ - National Weather Service
- Watch Warning Advisories
- National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD)
- NEXRAD
- AWIPS Map Database Catalog (AMDC)
- Flash Flood Guidance (FFG)
- National Hurricane Center GIS data
- http://map.ngdc.noaa.gov/website/nosa/ - NOAA Observign System Architecture
Interior
editBureau of Land Management (BLM)
edit- http://www.geocommunicator.gov/ - Bureau of Land Management & the U.S. Forest Service
- http://www.blm.gov/nstc/jurisdictions/ - Public lands and administrative jurisdictions
National Park Service
edit- National Park Service
Minerals Management Service
edit- http://www.mms.gov/ld/Maps.htm - Offshore cadastral data
Department of Defense
edit- NGA (National Geospatial Intelligence Agency)
- Topographic Engineering Center - Imagery Office, United States Army Corps of Engineers [5]
Other
edit- NASA
- FEMA
- Department of Transportation
- Library of Congress - Geography and Maps division
- National Archives
Geographic names
edit- http://geonames.usgs.gov/ - Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
International data
editU.S. government sources
editTopography
edit- http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html - Bathymetry & Topography
Other sources
editHere are some other sources for international data. However, many/most of these sources do not have Wiki-compatible licensing and may be copyrighted.
- UNEP GEO Data Portal - includes 450+ variables at national and subnational level.
- FAO GeoNetwork
- UN Cartographic Section
- UN Geospatial Information Working Group
- Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
- GeoNetwork Nodes
References
edit- ^ a b Marx, Robert W. (1990). "The TIGER system: automating the geographic structure of the United States Census". In Peuquet, Donna J., Duane Francis Marble (ed.). Introductory Readings in Geographic Information Systems. CRC Press. ISBN 0850668573.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ http://nationalmap.gov/