Oriel Chambers edit
Oriel Chambers is a grade II listed building which, since 2006, has housed the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery and Emancipation. It is located in the city of Kingston Upon Hull, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
History edit
Background to the building
Built in 1879 to the designs of William Botterill & Son, Oriel Chambers is a brick building with tile and terracotta detail, with dormers and shaped gables. It takes its name from the oriel window on the first floor, the window that stands proud of the facade.
The site of Oriel Chambers lies within a much older tenement on the east side of the High Street, in the heart of the historic core of the Old Town of Hull. This particular plot of land was held by Robert de Dripole in 1293. In 1339 the property was split into two, and a deed of that year records a Basement in which a widow lived, with a 9 feet wide passageway or “free entry” to the west of the said Basement. In the 1347 rental, a tenement was held by John Lambert for 7 shillings per year. A messuage is recorded here in 1374. By 1448 this holding had become one messuage and three tenements, whilst at the Lowgate (Marketgate) end of the property, a chamber and a hospice were erected to serve as a hospital.
In 1455 two new houses were erected on the site, bringing the total to six. Repairs in that year mention a kitchen and a brewhouse. The 1465 Town Rental lists, in addition to the capital messuage and five tenements mentioned earlier, a garden at the end of the tenements which is now assigned to the tenement in Chapel Lane: this almost certainly refers to the east side of High Street. The descent of the property on the east side of High Street is not well documented in the medieval period. The sinuous line of the street suggests that it developed originally as a river frontage for the properties to the west, and that subsequent development of the river bank gradually created a strip of land between the road and the river. Certainly by 1622, no.27 High Street had emerged as a recognisable property in the Elder Chamberlain’s Rental. In that year it was held by Robert Williamson, and ‘the house wherein he dwells’ was specifically mentioned. A single house here continues to be mentioned in the rental returns up to 1711 – thereafter the rents for the property are regularly recorded, but no details of the dwelling are mentioned. In 1719 a deed refers to two messuages, with staiths, chambers and Basements on the east side of High Street.
In 1673 Robert Nettleton was assessed for five hearths here in the Hearth tax – showing that the house was a substantial property. In 1774 Marmaduke Clarke was assessed for 16 windows in the Window Tax – once again confirming the size and status of the house. In 1814 Frost and Moxon, rope-makers, are recorded as having premises at 27 High Street, whilst a 1817 document records a Levitt Quarton, merchant here. In 1837 and 1838 Sarah Cole, shop-keeper, had a house and shop on the site. The 1855 Poor Rate records both a house and offices. The 1853 OS map shows a large building on the site prior to the construction of Oriel Chambers. When this building was constructed has not been ascertained. The 1851 directory entry for 27 High Street, lists the occupants as Messrs Hewitt and Ablett, though the entry does not give their trades. By 1858, however, the property is occupied by Henry Fearnley, a shopkeeper and river broker. In 1861, Thomas Thompson, printer and stationer, is given as occupant, though by 1867, another firm of printers, Ash & Co, are in the building, and they are still listed as such in 1876.
In 1978, archaeological excavations exposed late 13th-century revetments near the junction of Chapel lane Staith and High Street, some 20-25m south of Oriel Chambers (Ayers 1979).
In 2000 an excavation was carried out by Humber Field Archaeology (HFA), to the south-east of Oriel Chambers and immediately to the north of Chapel Lane Staith (Brigham and Fraser 2001). The excavation and a subsequent watching brief revealed a number of timber waterfront revetments dating from the late 15th or early 16th century, one of which was largely constructed from reused ship’s timbers, the ship having been constructed from trees felled between 1394 and 1404. A chalk wharf surface was also recorded; however, no associated buildings were discovered. During the 17th century the waterfront was replaced, possibly with an open-work jetty. The remains of a number of phases of warehouse showed that the new wharf was in use until that warehouse collapsed in 1861. Extensive remains of the later 19th-century warehouse that replaced it were also present.
Oriel Chambers is a big building for such a small occupancy and that is because it was mainly a building in which merchants and tradesmen worked with a small housekeeping staff. In 1983 for example, Oriel Chambers housed oil brokers, seed crushers and hemp and corn merchants from a multitude of different companies. Similar levels of joint occupancy persisted throughout the buildings history, in 1956 there were ten registered, from marine surveyors to consulting engineers.
- Entries in Trade Directories
- 1893
- J Winkley & Co. (Oil brokers)
- Broderick & Peters (Bonded stores)
- Barton & Waterhouse (Seed crushers)
- Corrie, Hanson & Co. (Hemp merchants)
- J Bilton & Co. (Corn merchants)
- John Christiansen & Co. (Corn merchants)
- 1909
- J Winkley & Co. (Seed brokers)
- Metcalfe, Valkering & Stephenson (Corn merchants)
- G.J.Valkering (Netherlands Consulate) ,
- Runton Bros. (Oil merchants)
- J & J Stephenson (Seed crushers)
- Thomas Chappel (Office keeper)
- 1929
- John Westrope & Co. (Corn merchants)
- Geoffrey J. Valkering (Corn merchants)
- G.J.Valkering (Netherlands Consulate)
- Saner & Harrison Ltd. (Wharfingers)
- Shipton, Keith & Co Ltd. (Insurance brokers)
- 1939
- Price & Pierce Ltd. (Timber agents)
- W Cockrill & Son (Marine surveyors)
- B W Steamship, Tug & Lighter Co. Ltd.(Ship owners)
- G F Birch & Son Ltd.(Corn merchants)
- Geoffrey J Valkering (Corn merchants)
- Netherlands Consulate (G.J.Valkering, consul)
- Saner & Harrison Ltd. (Wharfingers)
- Shipton, Keith & Co. Ltd. (Insurance brokers)
- Levy Bros & Knowles Ltd. (Sack manufacturers)
- 1956
- Humber Ports Transport
- B W Steamship, Tug & Lighter Co Ltd.(Ship owners)
- G F Birch &Son Ltd. (Corn merchants)
- M M Hirshfield & Co Ltd. (Seed merchants)
- N.A.L.G.O., Hull & District Branch
- W Cockrill & Son (Marine surveyors)
- John Clarke F.C.M.S. (Consulting Engineers)
- & Surveyor Germanischer Ltd (Marine surveyors)
- Leake & Wilson (Consulting engineers)
- G J Harwood (Corn merchant)
WISE Institute edit
Since 2006, Oriel Chambers has been home to the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery and Emancipation, which acts as a research centre for academics based at the University of Hull. The institute itself was opened by former President of Ghana, John Agyekum Kufuor, after receiving funding from numerous local charities, and the Heritage Lottery fund. The institute was opened in advance of celebrations marking the bicentenary of the abolition of the slave trade in Britain which, through former Member of Parliament and major abolitionist movement figure William Wilberforce, the city of Hull has strong links to. The institute is the world's first centre specialising in researching the history of slavery, whilst also serving as a research hub concerning slavery and human rights abuse in the present age. It also aims to foster links with other universities worldwide, including prestigious American institutions Yale, Harvard and Stanford. It is also described as strengthening the links of the city to the African continent, building upon the twinning of the city itself with the city Freetown, Sierra Leone.
In 2014, the institute was a part of 'the Long Walk to Freedom,' a series of artworks within the historic Old Town sector of Hull, as part of the annual 'Freedom Festival.'
Notable patrons of the institute include major anti-apartheid figures Nelson Mandela and the Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
As part of the University of Hull, the institute often holds public lectures on the subject of both historical and contemporary slavery, including the annual Alderman Sydney Smith lecture. In 2015, the lecture concerned slavery and indentured labour in Jamaica.
WISE Humanitarian Wall edit
Described as 'a unique tribute to many of the famous names throughout history which are synonymous with the fight for emancipation and freedom,' the Wall includes the names of US President Abraham Lincoln, enlightenment era intellectual Thomas Paine, Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela amongst others.
The US Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Matthew Barzun, was recently photographed paying his respects at the wall during a tour of Hull in early 2015.