This is a historical overview of armed conflicts involving India since Indian independence.
Wars in the Indian subcontinent edit
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2015) |
The following is an exhaustive list of wars and conflicts that were fought in the historic Indian subcontinent. The wars listed below involve three of the prominent empires to rule over the subcontinent — The Mauryas, Mughals and the Marathas. The Company rule in India is also included.
Maurya Empire (322 BCE–185 BCE)
| Start | Finish | Name of Conflict | Belligerents | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Opponent(s) | ||||
| 321 BCE | 320 BCE | Conquest of the Nanda Empire | Maurya Empire | Nanda Empire | Nanda Dynasty falls; start of Maurya Empire. |
| 305 BCE | 303 BCE | Seleucid–Mauryan war | Maurya Empire | Seleucid Empire | Chandragupta Maurya conquers all of the Macedonian Satrapies in the Indus River Valley. |
| 262 BCE | 261 BCE | Kalinga War | Maurya Empire | Kalinga | Asoka conquers Kalinga. |
Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
| Start | Finish | Name of Conflict | Belligerents | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Opponent(s) | ||||
| 1525 | Mughal-Rajput War (1525) | Mughal Empire | Rajputs | Mughal expansion to Punjab | |
| 1615 | 1682 | Ahom–Mughal War | Mughal Empire |  Ahom kingdom
|
Ahom influence extended to the Manas river. |
| 1622 | 1623 | First Mughal–Persian War | Mughal Empire |  Safavid Empire
|
Kandahar falls to Safavid. |
| 1649 | 1653 | Second Mughal–Persian War | Mughal Empire | Safavid Empire
|
Safavids recapture Kandahar. |
| 1679 | 1684 | Tibetan-Ladakh War | Ladakh Mughal Empire |
Tibet Zungar Empire |
Mughal victory, withdrawal after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis.
|
| 1681 | 1707 | Deccan Wars | Mughal Empire |  Maratha Empire
|
Permanent end to Mughal expansion in Deccan/Peninsular India. |
| 1686 | 1690 | Child's War | Mughal Empire |  East India Company
|
The English were obliged to conclude peace with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689. |
| 1738 | 1739 | Third Mughal–Persian War | Mughal Empire |  Afsharid dynasty
|
Takeover of Delhi. |
| 1739 | February 13, 1739 | Battle of Karnal | Mughal Empire | Persian Afsharid Empire
|
Mughal Defeat |
| 1741 | Siege of Trichinopoly | Mughal Empire | Maratha Empire
|
Maratha takeover of Tiruchirappalli. | |
| 1741 | 1748 | Expeditions in Bengal | Mughal Empire | Maratha Empire
|
Nawab of Bengal ceded territory up to the river Suvarnarekha to the Marathas. |
| 1754 | 1763 | Seven Years' War |  France
|
 Prussia
|
Status quo ante in Europe. Transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, and Spain.
|
| 1857 | 1858 | Indian Rebellion of 1857 | Mughal Empire Maratha Empire
|
Company Raj
|
Rebellions suppressed, end of Mughal, Company and Maratha rule, formation of the Empire of India. |
Maratha Empire (1674–1818)
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Company rule in India (1757–1858)
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Empire of India (1858–1947) edit
Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the three major powers, the Mughals, Marathas and the British East India company came to end and the British crown now began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the Princely states. The Empire of India was officially created by British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli for Queen Victoria in 1876 and she was crowned Empress of India.
| Start | Finish | Name of Conflict | Belligerents | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Opponent(s) | ||||
| 1856 | 1860 | Second Opium War |  British Empire
|
 China
|
Victory |
| 1863 | 1864 | Ambela Campaign |  India
|
Afghan Pashtuns Yusufzai tribes |
Victory
|
| 1864 | 1865 | Bhutan War | India
|
.svg){kind=small} Bhutan
|
Victory
|
| 1867 | 1868 | British Expedition to Abyssinia | United Kingdom
|
.svg){kind=small} Ethiopian Empire
|
Victory
|
| 1878 | 1880 | Second Anglo-Afghan War | United Kingdom
|
.svg){kind=small} Afghanistan
|
Victory
|
| 1881 | 1899 | Mahdist War | United Kingdom
|
 Mahdist Sudan
|
Victory
|
| 1882 | Anglo-Egyptian War | United Kingdom
|
.svg){kind=small} Ahmed Orabi
|
Victory
| |
| 1885 | Third Anglo-Burmese War | India
|
 Burmese Empire
|
Victory
| |
| 1888 | Third Black Mountain Expedition | India
|
Hassanzai and Akazai tribes. | Victory
| |
| 1888 | Sikkim Expedition | India
|
 Tibet
|
Victory
| |
| 1891 | Hunza-Nagar Campaign | India
|
Hunza Nagar |
Victory | |
| 1895 | Chitral Expedition | India
|
Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen | Victory
| |
| 1896 | Anglo-Zanzibar War | Britain
|
 Zanzibar Sultanate
|
Victory
| |
| 1896 | Tochi Expedition | India
|
Waziris | Victory
| |
| 1897 | Siege of Malakand | India
|
پشتون Pashtun tribes | Victory
| |
| 1897 | 1898 | First Mohmand Campaign | India
|
Mohmands
|
Victory
|
| 1897 | 1898 | Tirah Campaign | India
|
Afridis Orakzais Chamkanis |
Victory
|
| 1899 | 1901 | Boxer Rebellion |  Empire of Japan Russia United Kingdom
|
 Yihetuan Movement China
|
Victory
|
| 1899 | 1902 | Second Boer War | United Kingdom
|
 Orange Free State South African Republic
|
Victory
|
| 1903 | 1904 | British expedition to Tibet | India
|
Tibet
|
Victory
|
| 1906 | Bambatha Rebellion | United Kingdom
|
Zulu people | Victory
| |
| 1914 | 1918 | World War I |  France United Kingdom
|
 Germany
 Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria South African Republic
|
Victory
|
| 1918 | 1920 | Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War |  White movement British Empire
|
 Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian communists
|
Withdrawal
|
| 1919 | 1923 | Turkish War of Independence |  Greece
|
 Ankara Government Kuva-yi Milliye
|
Armistice
|
| 1919 | Third Anglo-Afghan War | United Kingdom
|
.svg){kind=small} Afghanistan
|
Armistice
| |
| 1919 | First Waziristan Campaign | India
|
.svg){kind=small} Waziristan
|
Victory
| |
| 1919 | 1920 | Kuwait–Najd War | United Kingdom
|
 Sultanate of Nejd
|
Victory
|
| 1920 | Iraqi revolt | United Kingdom
|
 Iraqi rebels
|
Victory
| |
| 1921 | Malabar rebellion | India
|
Mappila Muslims | Victory
| |
| 1925 | Pink's War | India
|
Mahsud tribesmen | Victory
| |
| 1935 | Second Mohmand Campaign | India
|
Mohmands
|
Victory
| |
| 1936 | 1939 | Second Waziristan Campaign | India
|
Waziri tribesmen
|
Victory
|
| 1939 | 1945 | World War II |  Soviet Union United States
|
 Germany
|
Victory
|
| 1945 | 1947 | Indonesian National Revolution |  Netherlands United Kingdom
|
 Indonesia
|
Withdrawal
|
| 1945 | 1946 | Operation Masterdom | United Kingdom
|
.svg){kind=small} Viet Minh
|
Withdrawal
|
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Dominion of India (1947–1950) edit
Following Indian independence, merger of princely states and provinces remained a major question. The partition resulted in a hostile neighbor Pakistan and the two have fought four wars since then.
| Start | Finish | Name of Conflict | Belligerents | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Opponent(s) | ||||
| 1947 | 1948 | First Indo-Pakistani War |  India
|
 Pakistan Furqan Force
|
Ceasefire
|
| 1947 | Indian integration of Junagadh | India
|
 Junagadh State
|
Victory
| |
| 1948 | Operation Polo | India
|
 Hyderabad
|
Victory
| |
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Republic of India (1950–present) edit
India has fought many wars and minor conflicts during its period as a republic.
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See also edit
Conflicts/Incidents involving the Republic of India and the Indian military
- Kashmir conflict
- 1967 Sino-Indian skirmish
- Operation Woodrose
- 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish
- Atlantique incident
- 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff
- Operation Madad
- Operation Sea Waves
- Operation Sukoon
- Piracy in Somalia
- 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff
- Operation Safe Homecoming
- 2011 India–Pakistan border shooting
- 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
- 2013 Daulat Beg Oldi Incident
- Operation Rahat
- Operation Surya Hope
- 2014 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
- Operation Raahat
- Operation Maitri
United Nations peacekeeping missions involving India
- Korean War - 1950-1953
- Congo Crisis - 1960-1965
- Portuguese Colonial War - 1961-1974
- Lebanese Civil War - 1975-1990
- Somali Civil War - 1991-Ongoing
References edit
- ^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
- ^ "Korean War". Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ^ http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922
- ^ Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
- ^ Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
- ^ a b Gall, Carlotta (2007-01-21). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
- ^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 1999-08-07. Retrieved 2012-06-15.