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Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are common within adolescents and college students. They are the years that they transition from one to another so quickly. Eating disorders are caused by stress which later on causes problems with one’s self like extreme weight loss and weight gain. Multiple studies have been made towards this problem and most people are still aware of it. College students should learn how to manage their lifestyle to reduce the factor to getting an eating disorders. People can get really sick and result in a death due to not taking care of their own body. Statistics show that, this is the highest mortality rate of mental illness’. With no treatment about twenty percent of people with a serious eating disorder die. Within college women about 10% of them suffer with eating disorders. The common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and binge eating. Anorexia nervosa is well known because a wide range of women suffer from it, 1 in 200 american women suffer from anorexia nervosa, which is mainly caused by stressed.³

Stress:

Stress is happens to everyone, and is often a factor to many diseases and disorders of all sort. Stress is the way your body reacts to demands or threats. College students in general are under stress constantly because of everything they have going on in their life. Stress causes various problems with the human self, for example like, depression, anxiety, sleep problems, skin problems, like acne, weight problems, eating disorders, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and the list goes on. For college students, stress can be caused by school work, financial problems, relationship problems. Everyone stresses about certain things differently, so while one person stresses about something excessively, another would not even have that come to mind. There are college students that have to worry about balancing a social life, a school life, a family life, and a work life all in one and all that together causes stress. There are three types of symptoms of stress: cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral. Eating disorders come into play with more of behavioral and emotional symptoms of stress. The things that cause a person stress are labeled as stressors, which sounds negative to say that a something is called a stressor when in reality the thing that is stressing you is something that is good for you in life, like going to college to get a degree, having a baby, or even getting married. College students should have time to relax, eat healthier, get enough sleep and cope with others in order to reduce stress levels. If this is done having the symptoms of stress like eating disorders will be less likely to occur.⁷

Common Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa:

Anorexia Nervosa is a medical condition where you lose your appetite, also considered an emotional disorder when people have the desire to lose weight, so they do not eat. This occurs to adolescents more, while their body is still in the process of growing. According to Mayo Clinic (2016), “People with anorexia generally struggle with an abnormally low body weight, while individuals with bulimia typically are normal to above normal weight. No matter how weight loss is achieved, the person with anorexia has an intense fear of gaining weight.” The human body will be extremely skinny but their mind will cause them to believe they are too big of a size and they will keep on gaining weight with time. Also, people who have suffered from Anorexia Nervosa have a weak osmoregulation, signifying that the process in which a living organism's body cells maintain fluid is weakened. Due to muscle dysfunction the lack of proper nutrition, protein, and energy is unrecognized. According to Mayo Clinic (2016), “They may control calorie intake by vomiting after eating or by misusing laxatives, diet aids, diuretics or enemas.” Also the body will get used to not eating the right amount of food and nutrients, then the moment it digests a larger quantity than usual it will result in vomiting as well. Anorexia Nervosa is common within college students, it all begins with not having the time to eat or the fear of gaining weight, especially with the well-known term of the “Freshmen 15”, meaning that typically a college freshmen gains about 15 pounds their first year. Adjusting to the college lifestyle can be stressful, and eating is the last thing that comes to eat when you have so much to do.⁴ College students should be aware of this eating disorder because the effects it has are unhealthy. Common symptoms that come along with anorexia nervosa are fatigue, dizziness, fainting, and extreme weight loss which are all part of physical symptoms. Anorexia Nervosa also comes with emotional symptoms like severe dieting and people start fearing the fact that they will gain weight. Depression is one of the factors that comes in the long run. ¹

Binge Eating Disorder:

Binge Eating disorder is when a person is consuming large amounts of foods in unusual times and they feel like they can not stop eating. If you are diagnosed with binge eating that means you have several episodes in which eat so much and have the feeling that it is uncontrollable. People who diet often can result in being a victim to binge eating, due to the fact that they are on a strict diet and they are restricted from eating certain things or a certain amount, so they are binge eating the foods they crave or the foods they feel like they have been in need of. Common symptoms are that a person will encounter are having episodes that last a long period of time, also feel like they have no control while they eat. Eating fast or continuously eating when you are full or not hungry. Change of moods or feeling like you are guilty or ashamed of your selves is also a result. In a study, conducted by Erin T. Baker, from University of Alberta and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, and Rebecca L. Williams and Nancy L. Galambos, from University of Alberta had studied how binge eating can be caused by stress or negative triggers.They studied 66 college freshman females during a 14-day period. Increasing in stress, and other factors like increase in weight gain have an association. In the study’s article, Daily Spillover to and from Binge Eating in First-Year University Females, states that, “Tests of within-day covariation showed that the likelihood of binge eating increased on days when participants experienced greater stress (trend level only), more negative affect, and more weight concerns.”, which means that the binge eating was triggered by those factors, proving the study worked. Also, they stated, “We also found that weight concerns were associated with same-day binge eating, which is in line with relations found in previous research.”. Binge eating creates problems with everyone’s diet and for those with binge eating they want to restrict from not eating for a while or go with their strict diet and then all of sudden they have this impulse that they need to eat so much and they can not control it so they have these “episodes” and that affects their weight because they are not at a consistent diet that is healthy. The study did have various limitations like the time span of only being 14 days or also having not a wide range of females.²

Resources:

1. “Anorexia Nervosa.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 28 Jan. 2016, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia/home/ovc-20179508.
2. Baker, Erin T., et al. “Daily Spillover to and from Binge Eating in First-Year University Females.” Taylor & Francis, www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10640260600639079?scroll=top&needAccess=true.
3. "Binge-eating Disorder." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 09 Feb. 2016. Web. 01 Aug. 2017.
4. "Mirasol Eating Disorder Recovery Centers ." Eating Disorder Information and Statistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Aug. 2017.
5. Kanbur, Nuray, et al. “Nocturnal Enuresis in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: Prevalence, Potential Causes, and Pathophysiology.” International Journal of Eating Disorders, Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company, 30 Mar. 2010, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eat.20822/abstract.
6. Khalsa, Sahib S., et al. “Altered Interoceptive Awareness in Anorexia Nervosa: Effects of Meal Anticipation, Consumption and Bodily Arousal.” International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24 Feb. 2015, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eat.22387/abstract.
7. Segal, Jeanne, Melinda Smith, Robert Segal, and Lawrence Robinson. "Stress Symptoms, Signs, and Causes." Stress Symptoms, Signs, and Causes: Improving Your Ability to Handle Stress. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Aug. 2017.