Ganglion Cells edit
In neurophysiology, a ganglion cell is a cell found in a ganglion [1] (a cluster of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.)
| Ganglion cell | |
|---|---|
 Various forms of nerve cells.
| |
| Details | |
| Location | Varies by type |
| Shape | Varies |
| Function | Varies but often excitatory projection |
| Neurotransmitter | Varies but often glutamate |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
Ganglion cells are the final output for sensory information. Ganglion cells receive and pass on chemical signals to the brain, where they can be processed and sorted. [2]
Structure edit
The ganglion cell is composed of a cell body, dendrites, axon, nodes of Ranvier, and synapses[3].
The cell body is in the center of the ganglion cell and contains the expected organelles of a eukaryotic cell, including a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more. The mitochondria is the site of energy formation which allows it to continue work.
The dendrites receive new information, and then the axon terminals at the opposite end send the information on to the next neuron.
Examples of ganglion cells include:
- Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) found in the ganglion cell layer of the retina
- Cells that reside in the adrenal medulla, where they are involved in the sympathetic nervous system's release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream
- Cells of the sympathetic ganglia
- Cells of the parasympathetic ganglia
- Cells of the spiral ganglia
Retina Ganglion Cells edit
Retina ganglion cells are a type of neuron in the retina which transfer visual signals from the photoreceptors to the brain for processing[4]. Ganglion cells get the chemical signals via bipolar cells.
A lack of cells or loss of function would result in vision loss or complete blindness[5].
References edit
- ^ MD, Dr Ananya Mandal (2010-08-15). "What is a Ganglion?". News-Medical. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
- ^ "Ganglion". Physiopedia. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
- ^ "Retinal Ganglion Cells". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ "Photoreceptors". iovs.arvojournals.org. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
- ^ Miltner, Adam M.; La Torre, Anna (2019-01-17). "Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement: Current Status and Challenges Ahead". Developmental Dynamics. 248 (1): 118–128. doi:10.1002/dvdy.24672. ISSN 1058-8388. PMC 7141838. PMID 30242792.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)