Mesopotamian edit
- Old Kingdom of Egypt (2686 - 2181 BC)
- Akkadian Empire (2334 - 2154 BC)
- * Sargon the Great (r. 2270 - 2215 BC)
- Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2055 - 1650 BC)
- Hyksos Empire
- Hittite Kingdom
- Babylonian Empire
- Phoenicia (1200 - 539 BC)
- Neo-Babylonian Empire (626 - 539 BC)
- Achaemenid Empire (550 - 336 BC)
Aegean / Anatolia edit
- Minoan civilization (peaked 2000 - 1600 BC)
- Mycenae