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President by right of age of the Bundestag
Alterspräsident des Deutschen Bundestages
Seal of the Bundestag
Incumbent
Peter Ramsauer
since 26 December 2023
Presidium of the Bundestag
StyleMr. President
(when addressed in the Bundestag)
TypePresiding officer
Statusacting
SeatReichstag building, Berlin
Term lengthContemporaneous to legislative period
Constituting instrumentStanding rules of the German Bundestag
Formation7 September 1949
First holderPaul Löbe
Deputynext longest serving member of the Bundestag
Websitewww.bundestag.de

The President by right of age (Alterspräsident) is the longest-serving member of the german Bundestag (until 2017 the oldest by age).

Role edit

The role of the President by right of age is defined in the standing rules of the Bundestag: Currently (since 2017), the position is held by the longest-serving member of parliament, with discontinuous terms of office being added together. If two members of parliament have been in office for the same length of time, age is decisive. Before a change to the standing rules in 2017, the position was held by the oldest member. He or she shall preside over the Bundestag during the opening session of each legislative term until the President of the Bundestag has been elected; for this purpose, he is authorized to appoint temporary secretaries, who remain in office until the election of regular secretaries in a later session.[1] Apart from the opening session, he or she shall also preside over the Bundestag at any given time, if both the President and all Vice Presidents are incapable of attending.[2] However, the latter case has never occurred, as of 2024.

It is common practice for the President by right of age to give the first speech of the new legislative period, in which he outlines what he considers to be important tasks for Parliament in the coming years.

There have been cases in which the longest-serving or oldest MP has declined to hold the position: Konrad Adenauer, for example, who was the oldest member of the Bundestag for many years, set the precedent of a sitting chancellor renouncing the dignity. In this case, according to standing rules, he is replaced by the MP who has served the second longest time (previously: the next oldest).

List of Presidents by right of age of the Bundestag edit

# Portrait Name member of parliament (since 2017) Term of Office Time in office Parliamentary Group Legislative periods Notes
1   Paul Löbe
(1875–1967) 		7 September 1949
–
7 September 1953 		4 years, 0 days SPD 1st
2   Konrad Adenauer
(1876–1967) 		6 October 1953
–
19 April 1967 		13 years, 195 days CDU/CSU 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th During the 2nd, 3rd and 4th legislative periods, Adenauer refrained from presiding over the opening session due to his position as Chancellor. In each case, the function was assumed by the next longest-serving member of parliament: In the 2nd and 3rd Bundestag this was Marie Elisabeth Lüders (FDP, 1878–1966) and in the 4th Bundestag Robert Pferdmenges (CDU/CSU, 1880–1962)
3 Arthur Enk
(1894–1976) 		19 April 1967
–
20 October 1969 		2 years, 184 days CDU/CSU 5th Enk became the oldest member of parliament due to the death of Adenauer in the middle of the current legislative period; he never presided over the Bundestag
4 William Borm
(1895–1987) 		20 October 1969
–
13 December 1972 		3 years, 54 days FDP 6th
5   Ludwig Erhard
(1897–1977) 		13 December 1972
–
5 May 1977 		4 years, 143 days CDU/CSU 7th, 8th
6   Johann Baptist Gradl
(1904–1988) 		5 May 1977
–
4 November 1980 		3 years, 183 days CDU/CSU 8th Gradl became the oldest member of parliament due to the death of Erhard in the middle of the current legislative period; he never presided over the Bundestag
7   Herbert Wehner
(1906–1990) 		4 November 1980
–
29 March 1983 		2 years, 145 days SPD 9th
8   Egon Franke
(1913–1995) 		29 March 1983
–
18 February 1987 		3 years, 326 days SPD 10th Franke refrained from presiding over the opening session of the 10th Bundestag as he was under investigation for embezzlement at the time (he was later acquitted). The function was assumed by the next oldest member of parliament, Willy Brandt (SPD, 1913–1992)
9   Willy Brandt
(1913–1992) 		18 February 1987
–
8 October 1992 		5 years, 233 days SPD 11th, 12th
10   Alfred Dregger
(1920–2002) 		8 October 1992
–
10 November 1994 		2 years, 33 days CDU/CSU 12th Dregger became the oldest member of parliament due to the death of Brandt in the middle of the current legislative period; he never presided over the Bundestag
11   Stefan Heym
(1913–2001) 		10 November 1994
–
31 October 1995 		355 days PDS 13th
12   Alfred Dregger
(1920–2002) 		31 October 1995
–
26 October 1998 		2 years, 360 days CDU/CSU 13th Dregger became the oldest member of the Bundestag, as Heym had resigned his seat; he never presided over the Bundestag
13 Fred Gebhardt
(1928–2000) 		26 October 1998
–
16 August 2000 		1 year, 295 days PDS 14th
14   Hans-Eberhard Urbaniak
(born 1929) 		16 August 2000
–
17 October 2002 		2 years, 62 days SPD 14th Urbaniak became the oldest member of parliament due to the death of Gebhardt in the middle of the current legislative period; he never presided over the Bundestag
15   Otto Schily
(born 1932) 		17 October 2002
–
27 October 2009 		7 years, 10 days SPD 15th, 16th
16   Heinz Riesenhuber
(born 1935) 		27 October 2009
–
24 October 2017 		7 years, 362 days CDU/CSU 17th, 18th
17   Wolfgang Schäuble
(1942–2023) 		1972–2023 24 October 2017
–
26 December 2023 		6 years, 63 days CDU/CSU 19th, 20th Schäuble refrained from presiding over the opening session of the 19th Bundestag as he stood for election as president of the Bundestag and did not want to preside over his own election. The function was assumed by the next longest-serving member of parliament, Hermann Otto Solms (FDP, 1980–2013 and 2017–2021)
18   Peter Ramsauer
(born 1954) 		since 1990 since 26 December 2023 124 days CDU/CSU 20th Ramsauer became the longest serving member of parliament due to the death of Schäuble in the middle of the current legislative period; as yet, he has not presided over the Bundestag

Weblinks edit

Standing rules of the German Bundestag

List of presidents of Germany from 1949 – till date.
# Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term Party Election Deputies (Presidents of the Bundesrat)
President of the Bundesrat Karl Arnold served as acting head of state from 7 September to 12 September 1949.
1   Theodor Heuss
(1884–1963) 		September 12, 1949
–
September 12, 1959 		FDP 1949 Karl Arnold (1949–1950)
Hans Ehard (1950–1951)
Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf (1951–1952)
Reinhold Maier (1952–1953)
Georg August Zinn (1953–1954)
Peter Altmeier (1954–1955)
Kai-Uwe von Hassel (1955–1956)
Kurt Sieveking (1956–1957)
Willy Brandt (1957–1958)
Wilhelm Kaisen (1958–1959)
1954
2   Heinrich Lübke
(1894–1972) 		September 13, 1959
–
June 30, 1969[a] 		CDU 1959 Wilhelm Kaisen (1959)
Franz Josef Röder (1959–1960)
Franz Meyers (1960–1961)
Hans Ehard (1961–1962)
Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1962–1963)
Georg Diederichs (1963–1964)
Georg August Zinn (1964–1965)
Peter Altmeier (1965–1966)
Helmut Lemke (1966–1967)
Klaus Schütz (1967–1968)
Herbert Weichmann (1968–1969)
1964
3   Gustav Heinemann
(1899–1976) 		July 1, 1969
–
June 30, 1974 		SPD 1969 Herbert Weichmann (1969)
Franz Josef Röder (1969–1970)
Hans Koschnick (1970–1971)
Heinz Kühn (1971–1972)
Alfons Goppel (1972–1973)
Hans Filbinger (1973–1974)
4   Walter Scheel
(1919–2016) 		July 1, 1974
–
June 30, 1979 		FDP 1974 Hans Filbinger (1974)
Alfred Kubel (1974–1975)
Albert Osswald (1975–1976)
Bernhard Vogel (1976–1977)
Gerhard Stoltenberg (1977–1978)
Dietrich Stobbe (1978–1979)
5   Karl Carstens
(1914–1992) 		July 1, 1979
–
June 30, 1984 		CDU 1979 Dietrich Stobbe (1979)
Hans-Ulrich Klose (1979–1980)
Werner Zeyer (1980–1981)
Hans Koschnick (1981–1982)
Johannes Rau (1982–1983)
Franz Josef Strauß (1983–1984)
6   Richard von Weizsäcker
(1920–2015) 		July 1, 1984
–
June 30, 1994 		CDU 1982 Franz Josef Strauß (1984)
Lothar Späth (1984–1985)
Ernst Albrecht (1985–1986)
Holger Börner (1986–1987)
Walter Wallmann (1987)
Bernhard Vogel (1987–1988)
Björn Engholm (1988–1989)
Walter Momper (1989–1990)
Henning Voscherau (1990–1991)
Alfred Gomolka (1991–1992)
Berndt Seite (1992)
Oskar Lafontaine (1992–1993)
Klaus Wedemeier (1993–1994)
1989
7   Roman Herzog
(1934–2017) 		July 1, 1994
–
June 30, 1999 		CDU 1994 Klaus Wedemeier (1994)
Johannes Rau (1994–1995)
Edmund Stoiber (1995–1996)
Erwin Teufel (1996–1997)
Gerhard Schröder (1997–1998)
Hans Eichel (1998–1999)
Roland Koch (1999)
8   Johannes Rau
(1931–2006) 		July 1, 1999
–
June 30, 2004 		SPD 1999 Roland Koch (1999)
Kurt Biedenkopf (1999–2000)
Kurt Beck (2000–2001)
Klaus Wowereit (2001–2002)
Wolfgang Böhmer (2002–2003)
Dieter Althaus (2003–2004)
9   Horst Köhler
(b. 1943) 		July 1, 2004
–
May 31, 2010[b] 		CDU 2004 Dieter Althaus (2004)
Matthias Platzeck (2004–2005)
Peter Harry Carstensen (2005–2006)
Harald Ringstorff (2006–2007)
Ole von Beust (2007–2008)
Peter Müller (2008–2009)
Jens Böhrnsen (2009–2010)
2009
President of the Bundesrat Jens Böhrnsen served as acting head of state from 31 May to 30 June 2010.
10   Christian Wulff
(b. 1959) 		June 30, 2010
–
February 17, 2012[c] 		CDU 2010 Jens Böhrnsen (2010)
Hannelore Kraft (2010–2011)
Horst Seehofer (2011–2012)
President of the Bundesrat Horst Seehofer served as acting head of state from 17 February to 18 March 2012.
11   Joachim Gauck
(b. 1940) 		March 18, 2012
–
March 18, 2017 		Independent 2012 Horst Seehofer (2012)
Winfried Kretschmann (2012–2013)
Stephan Weil (2013–2014)
Volker Bouffier (2014–2015)
Stanislaw Tillich (2015–2016)
Malu Dreyer (2016–2017)
12   Frank-Walter Steinmeier
(b. 1956) 		March 19, 2017
–
Incumbent 		SPD 2017 Malu Dreyer (2017)
Michael Müller (2017–2018)
Daniel Günther (2018–2019)
Dietmar Woidke (2019–2020)
Reiner Haseloff (2020–2021)
Bodo Ramelow (incumbent)
Sources:
  1. ^ On 14 October 1968, Lübke announced his resignation with effect to 30 June 1969, to make possible the election of his successor before the federal election campaign in the fall of 1969.
  2. ^ On 31 May 2010, Köhler declared his resignation with immediate effect.
  3. ^ On 17 Febuary 2012, Wulff declared his resignation with immediate effect.


Plenar hall Name Legislative
period		 Diagram Composition President Last election Next election[3]
 
Baden-Württemberg		   Landtag 17th   Government (100)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (58)
  CDU (42)
Opposition (54)
  SPD (19)
  FDP (18)
  AfD (17)		   Muhterem Aras
Alliance 90/The Greens		 2021 2026
 
Free State of Bavaria		   Landtag 18th   Government (111)
  CSU (84)
  Free Voters (27)
Opposition (94)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (38)
  SPD (22)
  AfD (19)
  FDP (11)
  Non-inscrits (4)		   Ilse Aigner
CSU		 2018 2023
 
Berlin 		  Abgeordnetenhaus 18th (outgoing)   Government (92)
  SPD (38)
  The Left (27)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (27)
Opposition (68)
  CDU (31)
  AfD (22)
  FDP (12)
  Non-inscrits (3) 		  Ralf Wieland
SPD 		2016 26 September 2021
19th (incoming)     SPD (36)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (32)
  CDU (30)
  The Left (24)
  AfD (13)
  FDP (12) 		TBD 2021 2026
 
Brandenburg		   Landtag 7th   Government (50)
  SPD (25)
  CDU (15)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (10)
Opposition (38)
  AfD (23)
  The Left (10)
  BVB/Free Voters (5)		   Ulrike Liedtke
SPD		 2019 2024
 
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen		   Bürgerschaft 20th   Government (49)
  SPD (23)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (16)
  The Left (10)
Opposition (35)
  CDU (24)
  FDP (5)
  AfD/Magnitz-Runge-Felgenträger (3)
  Non-inscrits (3)		   Frank Imhoff
CDU		 2019 2023
 
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg		   Bürgerschaft 22nd   Government (87)
  SPD (54)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (33)
Opposition (36)
  CDU (15)
  The Left (13)
  AfD (6)
  Non-inscrits (2)		   Carola Veit
SPD		 2020 2025
 
Hesse		   Landtag 20th   Government (69)
  CDU (40)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (29)
Opposition (68)
  SPD (29)
  AfD (18)
  FDP (11)
  The Left (9)
  Non-inscrits (1)		   Boris Rhein
CDU		 2018 2023
 
Lower Saxony		   Landtag 18th   Government (104)
  SPD (54)
  CDU (50)
Opposition (33)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (12)
  FDP (11)
  Non-inscrits (10)		   Gabriele Andretta
SPD		 2017 2022
 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 		  Landtag 8th     SPD (34)
  AfD (14)
  CDU (12)
  The Left (9)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (5)
  FDP (5)
(government formation not yet completed) 		  Birgit Hesse
SPD 		2021 2026
 
North Rhine-Westphalia		   Landtag 17th   Government (100)
  CDU (72)
  FDP (28)
Opposition (99)
  SPD (69)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (14)
  AfD (13)
  Non-inscrits (3)		   André Kuper
CDU		 2017 2022
 
Rhineland-Palatinate		   Landtag 18th   Government (55)
  SPD (39)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (10)
  FDP (6)
Opposition (46)
  CDU (31)
  AfD (9)
  Free Voters (6)		   Hendrik Hering
SPD		 2021 2026
 
Saarland		   Landtag 16th   Government (41)
  CDU (24)
  SPD (17)
Opposition (10)
  The Left (6)
  AfD (3)
  Non-inscrits (1)		 Stephan Toscani
CDU		 2017 2022
 
Free State of Saxony		   Landtag 7th   Government (67)
  CDU (45)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (12)
  SPD (10)
Opposition (52)
  AfD (36)[a]
  The Left (14)
  Non-inscrits (2)		   Matthias Rößler
CDU		 2019 2024
 
Saxony-Anhalt		   Landtag 8th   Government (56)
  CDU (40)
  SPD (9)
  FDP (7)
Opposition (41)
  AfD (23)
  The Left (12)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (6)		   Gunnar Schellenberger
CDU		 2021 2026
 
Schleswig-Holstein		   Landtag 19th   Government (44)
  CDU (25)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (10)
  FDP (9)
Opposition (29)
  SPD (21)
  AfD (4)
  SSW (3)
  Non-inscrits (1)		   Klaus Schlie
CDU		 2017 2022
 
Free State of Thuringia		   Landtag 7th   Government (42)
  The Left (29)
  SPD (8)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (5)
Opposition (48)
  AfD (21)
  CDU (21)
  FDP (4)[b]
  Non-inscrits (2)		   Birgit Keller
The Left		 2019 2024
  1. ^ According to their vote-share in the 2019 election, the AfD would be entitled to an additional seat, but their list was cut short after the 30th position before the election due to irregularities in the candidate-appointment and only eight of the party's constituency candidates, who did not also run on the state list, were successful. Therefore, the 120th seat of the Landtag will remain empty.
  2. ^ The standing rules of the Thuringia state parliament require a parliamentary group, to consist of at least five MPs; because one MP left the FDP group in the summer of 2021, the party now enjoys only a reduced small-group status, which nevertheless grants the party more rights than non-inscrit MPs, e.g. representation in committees.[4]

List Vice Chancellors edit

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of Office Political Party Cabinet Portfolio
Took office Left office Time in office
1   Franz Blücher
(1896–1959) 		20 September 1949 29 October 1957 8 years, 30 days FDP Adenauer I
Adenauer II 		Marshall Plan/Economic Cooperation
2   Ludwig Erhard
(1897–1977) 		20 October 1957 17 October 1963 5 years, 362 days CDU Adenauer III
Adenauer IV
Adenauer V 		Economic Affairs
3   Erich Mende
(1916–1998) 		17 October 1963 27 October 1966 3 years, 10 days FDP Erhard I
Erhard II 		Intra-German Relations
4   Hans-Christoph Seebohm
(1903–1967) 		27 October 1966 1 December 1966 35 days CDU Erhard II Transport
5   Willy Brandt
(1913–1992) 		1 December 1966 22 October 1969 2 years, 325 days SPD Kiesinger Foreign Affairs
6   Walter Scheel
(1919–2016) 		22 October 1969 17 May 1974 4 years, 207 days FDP Brandt I
Brandt II 		Foreign Affairs
7   Hans-Dietrich Genscher
(1927–2016)
1st term 		17 May 1974 17 September 1982 8 years, 123 days FDP Schmidt I
Schmidt II
Schmidt III 		Foreign Affairs
8   Egon Franke
(1913–1995) 		17 September 1982 1 October 1982 14 days SPD Schmidt III Intra-German Relations
9   Hans-Dietrich Genscher
(1927–2016)
2nd term 		1 October 1982 17 May 1992 9 years, 229 days FDP Kohl I
Kohl II
Kohl III
Kohl IV 		Foreign Affairs
10   Jürgen Möllemann
(1945–2003) 		17 May 1992 21 January 1993 249 days FDP Kohl IV Economic Affairs
11   Klaus Kinkel
(1936–2019) 		21 January 1993 26 October 1998 5 years, 278 days FDP Kohl IV
Kohl V 		Foreign Affairs
12   Joschka Fischer
(b. 1948) 		26 October 1998 22 November 2005 7 years, 27 days Alliance 90/The Greens Schröder I
Schröder II 		Foreign Affairs
13   Franz Müntefering
(b. 1940) 		22 November 2005 21 November 2007 1 year, 364 days SPD Merkel I Labour and Social Affairs
14   Frank-Walter Steinmeier
(b. 1956) 		21 November 2007 27 October 2009 1 year, 340 days SPD Merkel I Foreign Affairs
15   Guido Westerwelle
(1961–2016) 		27 October 2009 16 May 2011 1 year, 201 days FDP Merkel II Foreign Affairs
16   Philipp Rösler
(b. 1973) 		16 May 2011 17 December 2013 2011|5|16|2013|12|17}} FDP Merkel II Economic Affairs
17   Sigmar Gabriel
(b. 1959) 		17 December 2013 14 March 2018 4 years, 87 days SPD Merkel III Economic Affairs (2013–2017)
Foreign Affairs (2017–2018)
18   Olaf Scholz
(b. 1958) 		14 March 2018 Incumbent 6 years, 45 days SPD Merkel IV Finance

In the federal system of the Federal Republic of Germany, the state parliaments embody the legislative power in the sixteen states. In thirteen of the sixteen German states, the state parliament is known as the Landtag (an old German term that roughly means state parliament). In the states Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, the state parliament is called Bürgerschaft (Citizenry), in Berlin it is called Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives).

Election process, constitutional functions and powers edit

As the German constitution (Basic Law) defines the Federal Republic of Germany as a federation, each German state has its own constitution. The Basic Law gives the states a broad discretion to determine their respective state structure, only stating that each German state has to be a social and democratic republic under the rule of law and that the people in every state must have an elected representation, without giving further details (Article 28.1). In practice, all states are parliamentary republics in which the legislative branch of government is assigned to an elected parliament. Since the abolition of the Bavarian Senate in 1999, all sixteen state parliaments are unicameral.

Among the most important functions of the state parliaments are the election of the Minister President, the control of the state government and the adoption of state laws. They have no influence on federal legislation, but participate in the election of the President of Germany by electing state electors to the Federal Convention.

In terms of these functions, the state parliaments work very similarly. However, there are also some significant differences between the states. This begins with the electoral system: Similar to federal elections, many states use a mixed-member proportional representation system in which each voter casts one vote for a constituency candidate and a second vote determines the proportional share of seats. However, this is not the case in all states, the main exception being Baden-Württemberg, which uses a complex first-past-the-post voting system in which seats are allocated to "lucky-loser" candidates in addition to the elected constituency candidates in order to establish proportionality. In all states there is a 5%-threshold which must be exceeded for a party to be considered in the proportional distribution of seats, although in Bremen it is sufficient to exceed the threshold in only one of the two cities that make up the state (Bremen City and Bremerhaven). The electoral system of some states also includes a basic mandate clause which allows parties to be taken into account in the proportional distribution of seats regardless of the 5%-threshold if they win a certain number of constituencies. As at the federal level, parties representing national minorities are excluded from both the 5%-threshold and the basic mandate clause. This provision is of particular importance in Schleswig-Holstein, where the SSW, a party which represents the minorities of Danes and Frisians, regularly participates in state elections.

In contrast to the Bundestag on federal level, all states have adopted legislative periods of five years, with the sole exception of Bremen, which still uses four-year-terms (a cross-party attempt to introduce five-year-terms was defeated in a referendum in 2017[5]). Another difference to the Bundestag are the conditions for early new elections: While the Bundestag does not have the right of self-dissolution and can only be dissolved by the President of Germany (and even this only under certain conditions which are precisely defined in the Basic Law), the state parliaments have the right of self-dissolution (even if the procedure differs according to the state constitutions). In addition to this, some state constitutions also provide for an automatic dissolution of the parliament in certain situations and in some states, the parliament can also be dissolved by a referendum. Neither an automatic dissolution nor a dissolution by referendum has ever happened in any state, though.

State Name Election system Threshold conditions Seats Term Premature dissolution procedures
Baden-Württemberg[6] Landtag of Baden-Württemberg first-past-the-post in 70 constituencies with at least 50 "lucky loser"-seats (Zweitmandate), in order to achieve proportional representation 5% of votes statewide 120+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be tabled by at least one quarter and accepted by at least two thirds of members)
-referendum (request must be made by at least one sixth of the state population eligible to vote and must be accepted by a majority of the population eligible to vote)
Free State of Bavaria Landtag of Bavaria mixed-member proportional representation with two votes (both votes counting towards proportional representation) 5% of votes statewide 180+ 5 years -self dissolution (simple motion sufficient)
-referendum (request must be made by at least one million citizens eligible to vote and must be accepted by a simple majority)
-automatic dissolution (if the Landtag fails to elect a Minister President within four weeks after a vacancy occurred)
Berlin[7][8] House of Representatives of Berlin mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide
or
one constituency		 130+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be accepted by two thirds of members)
-referendum (state constitution does not specify details)
Brandenburg Landtag of Brandenburg mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide
or
one constituency		 88+ (maximum of 110) 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be accepted by two thirds of members)
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen[9] Bürgerschaft of Bremen Personalized proportional representation with cumulative voting and panachage (five votes) in two seperate voting areas (Bremen City and Bremerhaven) 5% of votes in one of the two voting areas 84 (69 for Bremen City and 15 for Bremerhaven) 4 years -self dissolution (motion must be tabled by at least one third and must be accepted by at least two thirds of members)
-referendum (request must be made by at least one fifth of the state population eligible to vote and must be accepted by a majority of the population eligible to vote)
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg Bürgerschaft of Hamburg Personalized proportional representation with cumulative voting and panachage on state level and in multi member constituencies (10 votes: 5 for state lists, 5 for constituency candidates) 5% of state list-votes 121+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be tabled by at least one quarter and must be accepted by a majority of members)
Hesse Landtag of Hesse mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide 110+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be accepted by a majority of members)
Lower Saxony Landtag of Lower Saxony mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide 135+ 5 years -self dissolution (the state constitution defines two scenarios for a self dissolution: [A] one third of members may table a motion of self dissolution, which must be accepted by two thirds of members present, who have to equal at least a majority of all members [Art. 10]. [B] Nonwithstanding variant A, the Landtag may dissolve itself with a majority of members, if it has failed to elect a Minister President within 21 days after a vacancy occured – alternatively it may elect a Minister President with a plurality of votes [Art. 30])
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide 71+ 5 years -self dissolution (the state constitution defines two scenarios for a self dissolution: [A] one third of members may table a motion of self dissolution, which must be accepted by two thirds of members [Art. 42.2]. [B] Nonwithstanding variant A, the Landtag may dissolve itself with a majority of members, if it has failed to elect a Minister President within 28 days after a vacancy occured – alternatively it may elect a Minister President with a plurality of votes [Art. 30])
North Rhine-Westphalia Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide 181+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must accepted by a majority of members)
Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide 101+ 5 years -self dissolution (simple motion)
-automatic dissolution (if a motion of no confidence against the Minister President has been successfull and the Landtag fails to elect a new office-holder within four weeks)
Saarland Landtag of Saarland proportional representation with one vote, which counts both for a list in a multi member constituency and a state list 5% of votes state wide 51(+?)[a] 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be accepted by two thirds of members)
-automatic dissolution (if a motion of no confidence against the Minister President has been successfull and the Landtag fails to elect a new office-holder within four weeks)
Free State of Saxony Landtag of Saxony mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide
or
two constituencies		 120+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be accepted by two thirds of members)
-automatic dissolution (if the Landtag fails to elect a Minister President within four months after a vacancy occurred)
Saxony-Anhalt Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide 87+[b] 5 years -self dissolution (the state constitution defines two scenarios for a self dissolution: [A] one fourth of members may table a self dissolution motion, which has to be accepted by two thirds of members. This is however not possible during the first six months of a legislative period [Art. 60]. [B] Nonwithstanding variant A, the Landtag may dissolve itself with a majority of members, if it has failed to elect a Minister President on the first two ballots – alternatively it may elect a Minister President with a plurality of votes on the third ballot [Art. 65.2])
Schleswig-Holstein Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of second votes statewide
or
one constituency		 69+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be accepted by at least two thirds of members)
Free State of Thuringia Landtag of Thuringia mixed-member proportional representation with two votes 5% of secon votes statewide 88+ 5 years -self dissolution (motion must be tabled by at least one third and must be accepted by at least two thirds of members)
-automatic dissolution (if the Minister President has lost a confidence motion and the Landtag fails to elect a new Minister President within 21 days)
  1. ^ The electoral system of Saarland has a regulatory gap for the (unlikely but theoretically possible) case that a party is proportionally entitled to more seats in the multi member constituencies than would be the case on state level. The election law code does not state, whether this would lead to overhang or even compensation seats or whether the relevant party would lose its entitlement to the overhang mandates.[10]
  2. ^ With effect to the next state election it was decided to reduce the number of seats to 83. Overhang and compensation seats remain possible.
Plenar hall Name Legislative
period		 Diagram Composition Presidium Last election Next election
 
Baden-Württemberg		   Landtag 16th   Government (90)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (47)
  CDU (43)
Opposition (53)
  SPD (19)
  AfD (18)
  FDP (12)
  Non-inscrits (4)		 Muhterem Aras (Alliance 90/The Greens)
President
Sabine Kurtz (CDU)
Vice President		 2016 2021
 
Free State of Bavaria		   Landtag 18th   Government (112)
  CSU (85)
  Free Voters (27)
Opposition (93)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (38)
  SPD (22)
  AfD (20)
  FDP (11)
  Non-inscrits (2)		 Ilse Aigner (CSU)
President
Karl Freller (CSU)
Thomas Gering (Alliance 90/The Greens)
Alexander Hold (Free Voters)
Markus Rinderspacher (SPD)
Wolfgang Heubisch (FDP)
Vice Presidents		 2018 2023
 
Berlin		   Abgeordnetenhaus 18th   Government (92)
  SPD (38)
  The Left (27)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (27)
Opposition (68)
  CDU (31)
  AfD (22)
  FDP (12)
  Non-inscrits (3)		 Ralf Wieland (SPD)
President
Cornelia Seibeld (CDU)
Manuela Schmidt (The Left)
Vice Presidents		 2016 2021
 
Brandenburg		   Landtag 7th   Government (50)
  SPD (25)
  CDU (15)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (10)
Opposition (38)
  AfD (23)
  The Left (10)
  BVB/Free Voters (5)		 Ulrike Liedtke (SPD)
President
Andreas Galau (AfD)
Barbara Richstein (CDU)
Vice Presidents		 2019 2024
 
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen		   Bürgerschaft 20th   Government (49)
  SPD (23)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (16)
  The Left (10)
Opposition (35)
  CDU (24)
  FDP (5)
  AfD (3)
  Non-inscrits (3)		 Frank Imhoff (CDU)
President
Sülmez Dogan (Alliance 90/The Greens)
Antje Grotheer (SPD)
Vice Presidents		 2019 2023
 
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg		   Bürgerschaft 22nd     SPD (54)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (33)
  CDU (15)
  The Left (13)
  AfD (7)
  Non-inscrits (1)
Government-formation process not completed,
acting cabinet consists of SPD and Alliance 90/The Greens		 Carola Veit (SPD)
President
André Trepoll (CDU)
Deniz Çelik (The Left)
Vice Presidents		 2020 2025
 
Hesse		   Landtag 20th   Government (69)
  CDU (40)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (29)
Opposition (68)
  SPD (29)
  AfD (18)
  FDP (11)
  The Left (9)
  Non-inscrits (1)		 Boris Rhein (CDU)
President
Frank Lortz (CDU)
Karin Müller (Alliance 90/The Greens)
Heike Hofmann (SPD)
Jörg-Uwe Hahn (FDP)
Ulrich Wilken (The Left)
Vice Presidents		 2018 2023
 
Lower Saxony		   Landtag 18th   Government (104)
  SPD (54)
  CDU (50)
Opposition (33)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (12)
  FDP (11)
  AfD (9)
  Non-inscrits (1)		 Gabriela Andretta (SPD)
President
Petra Emmerich-Kopatsch (SPD)
Bernd Busemann (CDU)
Frank Oesterhellweg (CDU)
Meta Janssen-Kucz (Alliance 90/The Greens)
Vice Presidents		 2017 2022
 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern		   Landtag 7th   Government (44)
  SPD (26)
  CDU (18)
Opposition (27)
  AfD (14)
  The Left (11)
  Non-inscrits (2)		 Birgit Hesse (SPD)
President
Beate Schlupp (CDU)
Mignon Schwenke (The Left)
Vice Presidents		 2016 2021
 
North Rhine-Westphalia		   Landtag 17th   Government (100)
  CDU (72)
  FDP (28)
Opposition (99)
  SPD (69)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (14)
  AfD (13)
  Non-inscrits (3)		 André Kuper (CDU)
President
Carina Gödecke (SPD)
Angela Freimuth (FDP)
Oliver Keymis (Alliance 90/The Greens)
Vice Presidents		 2017 2022
 
Rhineland-Palatinate		   Landtag 17th   Government (51)
  SPD (39)
  FDP (6)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (6)
Opposition (50)
  CDU (35)
  AfD (12)
  Non-inscrits (3)		 Hendrik Hering (SPD)
President
Astrid Schmitt (SPD)
Hans-Josef Bracht (CDU)
Vice Presidents		 2016 2021
 
Saarland		   Landtag 16th   Government (41)
  CDU (24)
  SPD (17)
Opposition (10)
  The Left (6)
  AfD (3)
  Non-inscrits (1)		 Stephan Toscani (CDU)
President
Isolde Fries (SPD)
Günter Heinrich (CDU)
Vice Presidents		 2017 2022
 
Free State of Saxony		   Landtag 7th   Government (67)
  CDU (45)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (12)
  SPD (10)
Opposition (52)
  AfD (38)[a]
  The Left (14)		 Matthias Rößler (CDU)
President
Andrea Dombois (CDU)
André Wendt (AfD)
Luise Neuhaus-Wartenberg (The Left)
Vice Presidents		 2019 2024
 
Saxony-Anhalt		   Landtag 7th   Government (46)
  CDU (30)
  SPD (11)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (5)
Opposition (41)
  AfD (21)
  The Left (16)
  Non-inscrits (4)		 Gabriele Brakebusch (CDU)
President
Willi Mittelstädt (AfD)
Wulf Gallert (The Left)
Vice Presidents		 2016 2021
 
Schleswig-Holstein		   Landtag 19th   Government (44)
  CDU (25)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (10)
  FDP (9)
Opposition (29)
  SPD (21)
  AfD (4)
  SSW (3)
  Non-inscrits (1)		 Klaus Schlie (CDU)
President
Kirsten Eickhoff-Weber (SPD)
Aminata Touré (Alliance 90/The Greens)
Annabell Krämer (FDP)
Vice Presidents		 2017 2022
 
Free State of Thuringia		   Landtag 7th   Government (42)
  The Left (29)
  SPD (8)
  Alliance 90/The Greens (5)
Confidence and Supply (21)
  CDU (21)
Opposition (27)
  AfD (22)
  FDP (5)		 Birgit Keller (The Left)
President
Michael Kaufmann (AfD)
Henry Worm (CDU)
Dorothea Marx (SPD)
Astrid Rothe-Beinlich (Alliance 90/The Greens)
Dirk Bergner (FDP)
Vice Presidents		 2019 2024[b]
  1. ^ According to their vote-share in the 2019 election, the AfD would be entitled to a 39th seat, but their list was cut short after the 30th position before the election due to irregularities in the candidate-appointment and only eight of the party's constituency candidates, who did not also run on the state list, were successfull. Therefore, the 120th seat of the Landtag will remain empty.
  2. ^ An election in 2024 is the default legal position. In their confidence and supply agreement (Stabilitätspakt) however, the minority-coalition parties and the CDU agreed on filing a self dissolution-motion early in 2021 and, if successful, dating a snap election to 25 April 2021.[11]

List of current Minister Presidents of Germany.

Portrait Name Title entered office Party Deputie(s)
 
Baden-Württemberg		   Winfried Kretschmann 9th Minister President of Baden-Württemberg 12 May 2011 Alliance 90/The Greens Thomas Strobl
(CDU)
 
Free State of Bavaria		   Markus Söder 13th Minister President of Bavaria 16 March 2018 CSU Ilse Aigner
(CSU)
 
Berlin		   Michael Müller 14th Governing Mayor of Berlin 11 December 2014 SPD Klaus Lederer
(The Left)
Ramona Pop
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
 
Brandenburg		   Dietmar Woidke 3rd Minister President of Brandenburg 28 August 2013 SPD Christian Görke
(The Left)
 
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen		   Carsten Sieling 8th President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen 15 July 2015 SPD Karoline Linnert
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
 
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg		   Peter Tschentscher 15th First Mayor of Hamburg 28 March 2018 SPD Katharina Fegebank
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
 
Hesse		   Volker Bouffier 8th Minister President of Hesse 31 August 2010 CDU Tarek Al-Wazir
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
 
Lower Saxony		   Stephan Weil 12th Minister President of Lower Saxony 19 February 2013 SPD Bernd Althusmann
(CDU)
 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern		   Manuela Schwesig 5th Minister President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 4 July 2017 SPD Lorenz Caffier
(CDU)
 
North Rhine-Westphalia		   Armin Laschet 11th Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia 27 June 2017 CDU Joachim Stamp
(FDP)
 
Rhineland-Palatinate		   Malu Dreyer 8th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate 16 January 2013 SPD Volker Wissing
(FDP)
 
Saarland		   Tobias Hans 8th Minister President of Saarland 1 March 2018 CDU Anke Rehlinger
(SPD)
 
Free State of Saxony		   Michael Kretschmer 4th Minister President of Saxony 13 December 2017 CDU Martin Dulig
(SPD)
 
Saxony-Anhalt		   Reiner Haseloff 6th Minister President of Saxony-Anhalt 19 April 2011 CDU Petra Grimm-Benne
(SPD)
Claudia Dalbert
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
 
Schleswig-Holstein		   Daniel Günther 14th Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein 28 June 2017 CDU Monika Heinold
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Hainer Garg
(FDP)
 
Free State of Thuringia		   Bodo Ramelow 5th Minister President of Thuringia 15 December 2014 The Left Heike Taubert
(SPD)
№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
(Home State) 		Previous service Term of Office Political Party Vice Chancellor Cabinets
Took Office Left Office
Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundeskanzler)
1   Konrad Adenauer
(1876–1967)
(North Rhine-Westphalia) 		President of the Parliamentary Council (1948-1949) 15 September 1949 16 October 1963
(resigned) 		CDU Franz Blücher (1949–1957), Ludwig Erhard (1957–1967) Adenauer I, Adenauer II, Adenauer III, Adenauer IV, Adenauer V
2   Ludwig Erhard
(1897–1977)
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Vice Chancellor of Germany (1957-1967)
Federal Minister for Economic Affairs (1949–1963) 		16 October 1963 1 December 1966
(resigned) 		CDU Erich Mende (1963-1966), Hans-Christoph Seebohm (1966) Erhard I, Erhard II
3   Kurt-Georg Kiesinger
(1904–1988)
(Baden-Württemberg) 		Minister President of Baden-Württemberg (1958–1966) 1 December 1966 22 October 1969 CDU Willy Brandt (1966-1969) Kiesinger
4   Willy Brandt
(1913–1992)
(West Berlin) 		Vice Chancellor of Germany (1966–1969)
Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs (1966–1969) 		22 October 1969 7 May 1974
(resigned) 		SPD Walter Scheel (1969-1974, Acting Chancellor from 7 May 1974 until 16 May 1974) Brandt I, Brandt II
5   Helmut Schmidt
(1918–2015)
(Hamburg) 		Federal Minister of Finance (1972-1974) 16 May 1974 1 October 1982
(replaced by a Constructive vote of no confidence) 		SPD Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1974-1982), Egon Franke (1982) Schmidt I, Schmidt II, Schmidt III
6   Helmut Kohl
(1930–2017)
(Rhineland-Palatinate) 		Leader of the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag (1976-1982) 1 October 1982 27 October 1998 CDU Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1982-1992), Jürgen Möllemann (1992–1993), Klaus Kinkel (1993–1998) Kohl I, Kohl II, Kohl III, Kohl IV, Kohl V
7   Gerhard Schröder
(b. 1944)
(Lower Saxony) 		Minister President of Lower Saxony (1990–1998) 27 October 1998 22 November 2005 SPD Joschka Fischer (1998-2005) Schröder I, Schröder II
8   Angela Merkel
(b. 1954)
(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) 		Leader of the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag (2002-2005) 22 November 2005 CDU Franz Müntefering (2005-2007), Frank-Walter Steinmeier (2007–2009), Guido Westerwelle (2009–2011), Philipp Rösler (2011–2013), Sigmar Gabriel (2013–2018), Olaf Scholz (incumbent since 2018) Merkel I, Merkel II, Merkel III, Merkel IV

ARTICLE:

The Minister President is the head of state and government of a German state. In the three states of Berlin, Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg the heads of the state hold different titles: Governing Mayor of Berlin, President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen and First Mayor of Hamburg. Nevertheless, in Germany it is common practice, to call the sixteen heads of the states ministers president, if they are referred to collectively. For example, the regular meetings of the sixteen office-holders are called Conference of Ministers President (Ministerpräsidentenkonferenz).

Constitutional roles and powers edit

As the german constitution (Basic Law) defines the Federal Republic of Germany as a federation, each german state has it's own constitution. Although the Basic Law gives the states a broad discretion to determine their respective state structure, only stating that each german state has to be a social and democratic republic under the rule of law (Article 28.1), in practice all german states have adopted some form of a mixed parliamentary republican system: Despite some differences between the individual state constitutions, the Ministers President have both typical powers of an executive leader (for example appointing and dismissing cabinet members or defining the political guidelines of the cabinet) and typical powers and functions of a head of state (for example the power to grant pardons on behalf of the state and to perform certain ceremonial duties). As such, their powers and functions resemble those of an executive president, but in contrast to a presidential system, they are not directly elected and depend on the confidence of the respective state parliament. Thus, the constitutional position of a Minister President differs from that of the Chancellor of Germany at the federal level, who only holds the role of a chief executive leader, while the President of Germany performs the more ceremonial powers and functions of the federal head of state.

Even though all sixteen ministers president hold roughly the same position in their states, there are also some important differences between the provisions of the state constitutions with regard to the head of state and government. This begins with the election procedure: All ministers president are elected by the the state parliament, but while in some states a majority of parliament members is needed for a succesful election, in other states a simple majority (majority of votes cast) is sufficient. The same goes for recall procedures: In some states the parliament may simply vote an officeholder out of office, while in other states the parliament has to elect a new officeholder at the same time (Constructive vote of no confidence). In Bavaria the constitution does not allow a recall of the minister president at all. In fifteen states, the state constitution defines the minister president as the leader of the cabinet, giving him or her the right, to dermine the cabinet's political guidelines, but this is not the case in Bremen, were the President of the Senate and Mayor only has a ceremonial precedence over the other cabinet members. There are also differences regarding the ministers president power, to shape his or her cabinet: While in some states the office-holder is free to appoint or dismiss cabinet ministers at his or her discretion, in other states there are limits to this power, while the constitution of Bremen does not give the President of the Senate and Mayor any power, to directly influence the composition of his or her cabinet.

State Title election threshold recall procedure position in cabinet power to shape the cabinet right to grant pardon minimum age other provisions
Baden-Württemberg[12] Minister President majority of members constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval, the state parliament may recall individual cabinet ministers with a two-thirds majority yes 35
Free State of Bavaria[13] Minister President simple majority none, has to resign, if a cooperation with the state parliament is not possible anymore guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval yes 40
Berlin[14] Governing Mayor simple majority vote of no confidence, but if the state parliament does not elect a new Governing Mayor within 21 days, the former officeholder is reinvested automatically guideline competence full no (whole cabinet) 18 (de facto)
Brandenburg[15] Minister President majority of members (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen[16] President of the Senate and Mayor simple majority constructive vote of no confidence ceremonial precedence none, all cabinet members are elected and may be recalled by the state parliament no (whole cabinet) 18 may not be a member of the state parliament
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg[17] First Mayor majority of members constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval no (whole cabinet) 18 may not be a member of the state parliament
Hesse[18] Minister President majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence dismissal of a cabinet minister is subject to parliamentary approval yes 18 (de facto) members of noble houses, which have reigned in Germany before 1918, are ineligible for office
Lower Saxony[19] Minister President majority of members or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a Minister President in 21 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval yes 18 (de facto)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern[20] Minister President majority of members or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a Minister President in 28 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
North Rhine-Westphalia[21] Minister President majority of members (first ballot), simple majority (second and third ballot), runoff (fourth ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 has to be a member of the state parliament
Rhineland-Palatinate[22] Minister President majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Saarland[23] Minister President majority of members vote of no confidence guideline competence cabinet appointments and dismissals subject to parliamentary approval no (whole cabinet) 18 (de facto)
Free State of Saxony[24] Minister President majority of members (first ballot), simple majority (following ballots) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto
Saxony-Anhalt[25] Minister President majority of members or simple majority, if the state parliament does not elect a Minister President in 14 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Schleswig-Holstein[26] Minister President majority of members (first and second ballot), pluralitiy (third ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)
Free State of Thuringia[27] Minister President majority of members (first and second ballot), pluralitiy (third ballot) constructive vote of no confidence guideline competence full yes 18 (de facto)

By virtue of their position in the Bundesrat, the ministers president can exert considerable influence on national politics within the federal structure. Along with several of their ministers, they commonly represent their state in the Bundesrat (the German Federal Council). Each state government is represented in the Bundesrat by 3 to 6 delegates, depending on the state's population.

Deputies edit

In most states the deputy of the Minister President holds the title Deputy Minister President, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein have a higher ranking First Deputy Minister President and a lower ranking Second Deputy Minister President. Berlin has two equally ranking Mayors deputizing for the Governing Mayor, while Bremen has a Mayor deputizing for the President of the Senate and Mayor and Hamburg has a Second Mayor deputizing for the First Mayor.

List of current office-holders edit

 
Map of the governing minister-presidents by party:
  CDU
  CSU
  The Greens
  SPD
  The Left
Portrait Name Title entered office Party Deputy
Title
 
Baden-Württemberg		   Winfried Kretschmann 9th Minister President of Baden-Württemberg 12 May 2011 Alliance 90/The Greens Thomas Strobl
(CDU)
Deputy Minister President
 
Free State of Bavaria		   Markus Söder 13th Minister President of Bavaria 16 March 2018 CSU Ilse Aigner
(CSU)
Deputy Minister President
 
Berlin		   Michael Müller 14th Governing Mayor of Berlin 11 December 2014 SPD Klaus Lederer
(The Left)
Mayor
Ramona Pop
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Mayor
 
Brandenburg		   Dietmar Woidke 3rd Minister President of Brandenburg 28 August 2013 SPD Christian Görke
(The Left)
Deputy Minister President
 
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen		   Carsten Sieling 8th President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen 15 July 2015 SPD Karoline Linnert
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Mayor
 
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg		   Peter Tschentscher 15th First Mayor of Hamburg 28 March 2018 SPD Katharina Fegebank
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Second Mayor
 
Hesse		   Volker Bouffier 8th Minister President of Hesse 31 August 2010 CDU Tarek Al-Wazir
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Deputy Minister President
 
Lower Saxony		   Stephan Weil 12th Minister President of Lower Saxony 19 February 2013 SPD Bernd Althusmann
(CDU)
Deputy Minister President
 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern		   Manuela Schwesig 5th Minister President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 4 July 2017 SPD Lorenz Caffier
(CDU)
Deputy Minister President
 
North Rhine-Westphalia		   Armin Laschet 11th Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia 27 June 2017 CDU Joachim Stamp
(FDP)
Deputy Minister President
 
Rhineland-Palatinate		   Malu Dreyer 8th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate 16 January 2013 SPD Volker Wissing
(FDP)
Deputy Minister President
 
Saarland		   Tobias Hans 8th Minister President of Saarland 1 March 2018 CDU Anke Rehlinger
(SPD)
Deputy Minister President
 
Free State of Saxony		   Michael Kretschmer 4th Minister President of Saxony 13 December 2017 CDU Martin Dulig
(SPD)
Deputy Minister President
 
Saxony-Anhalt		   Reiner Haseloff 6th Minister President of Saxony-Anhalt 19 April 2011 CDU Petra Grimm-Benne
(SPD)
First Deputy Minister President
Claudia Dalbert
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
Second Deputy Minister President
 
Schleswig-Holstein		   Daniel Günther 14th Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein 28 June 2017 CDU Monika Heinold
(Alliance 90/The Greens)
First Deputy Minister President
Hainer Garg
(FDP)
Second Deputy Minister President
 
Free State of Thuringia		   Bodo Ramelow 5th Minister President of Thuringia 15 December 2014 The Left Heike Taubert
(SPD)
Deputy Minister President

Trivia edit

The office of a Minister President is both highly prestigious in its own right and acts as a potential "career springboard" for German politicians. Four out of eight Chancellors of Germany have been head of a state before becoming Chancellor:

Three out of twelve Presidents of Germany have been head of a state before becoming President:

Many more Ministers President went on to become members of the federal government, EU institutions or associate judges of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany for example.

There have been six female heads of a German state:

One person has managed to become Minister President of two different states:

  • Bernhard Vogel, 4th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate (1976-1988) and 2nd Minister President of Thuringia (1992-2003)

References edit

  1. ^ Standing rules (Geschäftsordnung) of the German Bundestag, § 1 (2–3).
  2. ^ Standing rules (Geschäftsordnung) of the German Bundestag, § 8 (2).
  3. ^ "Wahltermine in Deutschland (2021, 2022 usw.)".
  4. ^ https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/thueringen/fdp-fraktion-gruppe-rechte-geld-100.html
  5. ^ https://www.weser-kurier.de/deutschland-welt/bundestagswahl-2017_artikel,-volksentscheid-und-bundestagwahl-so-hat-bremen-abgestimmt-_arid,1651043.html
  6. ^ https://www.lpb-bw.de/bwverf/bwverf.htm#Landtag
  7. ^ https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/regierender-buergermeister/verfassung/artikel.41546.php
  8. ^ http://www.wahlrecht.de/landtage/berlin.htm
  9. ^ https://www.wahlrecht.de/landtage/bremen.htm
  10. ^ http://www.wahlrecht.de/landtage/regelungsluecke-saarland.html
  11. ^ https://www.mdr.de/thueringen/statement-gespraeche-linke-spd-gruene-cdu-100.html
  12. ^ https://www.lpb-bw.de/bwverf/Landesverfassung-BW.pdf
  13. ^ https://www.uni-augsburg.de/einrichtungen/gleichstellungsbeauftragte/downloads/bayerische_verfassung.pdf
  14. ^ http://www.datenschutz.fu-berlin.de/dahlem/ressourcen/datenschutz-fordert/rechtliche-datenschutzforderungen/verfassung-berlin.pdf
  15. ^ https://bravors.brandenburg.de/de/gesetze-212792
  16. ^ https://www.bremische-buergerschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Informationsmaterial/LandesverfassungBremen_2016_web.pdf
  17. ^ http://www.landesrecht-hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?showdoccase=1&st=lr&doc.id=jlr-VerfHArahmen&doc.part=X&doc.origin=bs
  18. ^ http://starweb.hessen.de/cache/hessen/landtag/enquetekommissionverfassung/Hessische%20Verfassung.pdf
  19. ^ http://www.nds-voris.de/jportal/portal/t/13kl/page/bsvorisprod.psml/action/portlets.jw.MainAction?p1=10&eventSubmit_doNavigate=searchInSubtreeTOC&showdoccase=1&doc.hl=0&doc.id=jlr-VerfNDpArt29&doc.part=S&toc.poskey=#focuspoint
  20. ^ https://www.landtag-mv.de/fileadmin/media/Dokumente/Druckerzeugnisse/LT_Verfassung_01-2012.pdf
  21. ^ https://www.krefeld.de/C1257478002CCFBA/html/48CCFE93623BD475C12574F10052F97F/$File/Verfassung_fuer_das_Land_NRW.pdf?OpenElement
  22. ^ https://www.rlp.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Landesverfassung.pdf
  23. ^ https://www.landtag-saar.de/Dokumente/Gesetze/Verfassung%20des%20Saarlandes.pdf
  24. ^ https://www.revosax.sachsen.de/vorschrift/3975-Verfassung
  25. ^ http://www.landesrecht.sachsen-anhalt.de/jportal/?quelle=jlink&query=Verf+ST&psml=bssahprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true
  26. ^ http://www.gesetze-rechtsprechung.sh.juris.de/jportal/?quelle=jlink&query=Verf+SH&psml=bsshoprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true
  27. ^ http://www.landtag.thueringen.de/landtag/gremien-und-rechtsgrundlagen/rechtsgrundlagen/landesverfassung/

Amtierende Pokalsieger und Rekordpokalsieger edit

Pokalwettbewerb Amtierender Pokalsieger Rekordpokalsieger
20px Badischer Pokal 20px Karlsruher SC 20px SV Sandhausen (12)
20px Bayerischer Pokal 20px 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 20px SSV Jahn Regensburg (7)
20px Berliner Landespokal 20px BFC Dynamo 20px Tennis Borussia Berlin (16)
20px Brandenburgischer Landespokal 20px FC Energie Cottbus 20px SV Babelsberg 03 (9)
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