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Pteromalidae:

• Colotrechninae:
  • Amerostenini: Amerostenus Girault, Errolia Bouček, Glorimontana Bouček, Yrka Bouček;
  • Colotrechnini: Baridobius Heydon, Bofuria Hedqvist, Bomburia Hedqvist, Cameronella Dalla Torre, Colotrechnus Thomson, Dipachystigma Crawford, Dvalinia Hedqvist, Elachertodomyia Girault, Pachyneuronella Girault, Podivna Bouček, Uriellopteromalus Girault, Uzka Bouček;
  • Divnini: Divna Bouček;
  • Trigonoderopsini: Bugacia Erdős, Trigonoderopsis Girault.

• Erixestinae: Erixestus Crawford.

• Miscogastrinae:
  • Diconocarini: Diconocara Dzhanokmen;
  • Miscogastrini: Collentis Heydon, Drailea Huang, Glyphognathus Graham, Lamprotatus Westwood, Miscogaster Walker, Neoskeloceras Kamijo, Paralamprotatus Liao, Seladerma Walker, Sphaeripalpus Förster, Stictomischus Thomson, Telepsogina Hedqvist, Thektogaster Delucchi, Tumor Huang, Xestomnaster Delucchi;
  • Sphegigastrini: Acroclisis Förster, Ammeia Delucchi, Andersena Bouček, Ardilea Graham, Bairamlia Waterston, Bubekia Dalla Torre, Bubekiana De Santis, Callicarolynia Heydon, Callimerismus Graham, Ceratetra Dzhanokmen, Cryptoprymna Förster, Cyrtogaster Walker, Haliplogeton De Santis, Halticoptera Spinola, Harrizia Delucchi, Kazina Bouček, Maorita Bouček, Mauleus Graham, Merismus Walker, Notoglyptus Masi, Notoprymna De Santis, Novitzkyanus Bouček, Paracroclisis Girault, Ploskana Bouček, Polstonia Heydon, Rhicnocoelia Graham, Schimitschekia Bouček, Sorosina Dzhanokmen, Sphegigaster Spinola, Syntomopus Walker, Thinodytes Graham, Toxeuma Walker, Tricyclomischus Graham, Trigonogastrella Girault, Vespita Bouček.

• Ormocerinae: Blascoa Askew, Cecidoxenus Ashmead, Monazosa Dzhanokmen, Nodisoplata Graham, Ormocerus Walker.

• Pachyneurinae: Acroclisoides Girault & Dodd, Amblyharma Huang & Tong, Austroterobia Girault, Canada Koçak & Kemal, Coruna Walker, Euneura Walker, Fusta Xiao & Ye, Goidanichium Bouček, Golovissima Dzhanokmen, Inkaka Girault, Metastenus Walker, Nazgulia Hedqvist, Neotoxeumorpha Narendran, Oomara Delucchi, Oricoruna Bouček, Ottaria Hedqvist, Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, Pachyneuron Walker, Parabruchobius Risbec, Platecrizotes Ferrière, Teasienna Heydon, Toxeumorpha Girault.

• Pteromalinae:
  • Otitesellini: Adiyodiella Priyadarsanan, Apocrypta Coquerel, Arachonia Joseph, Bouceka Koçak & Kemal, Comptoniella Wiebes, Crossogaster Mayr, Diaziella Grandi, Dobunabaa Bouček, Eujacobsonia Grandi, Grandiana Wiebes, Grasseiana Abdurahiman & Joseph, Guadalia Wiebes, Lipothymus Grandi, Marginalia Priyadarsanan, Micranisa Walker, Micrognathophora Grandi, Otitesella Westwood, Philosycella Abdurahiman & Joseph, Philosycus Wiebes, Philoverdance Priyadarsanan, Philotrypesis Förster, Robertsia Bouček, Seres Waterston, Sycoecus Waterston, Sycoryctes Mayr, Sycoscapter Saunders, Walkerella Westwood, Watshamiella Wiebes;
  • Pteromalini: Ablaxia Delucchi, Abomalus Bouček, Acaenacis Girault, Acroclisella Girault, Acroclisissa Girault, Acroclypa Bouček, Acrocormus Förster, Aepocerus Mayr, Afropsilocera Bouček, Aggelma Delucchi, Agiommatus Crawford, Aiemea Bouček, Allocricellius Yang, Alticornis Bouček, Amandia Graham, Amblypachus De Santis, Amphidocius Dzhanokmen, Angulifrons Xiao & Huang, Anisopteromalus Ruschka, Ankaratrella Risbec, Anogmoides Askew, Anogmus Förster, Anorbanus Bouček, Apelioma Delucchi, Apsilocera Bouček, Apycnetron Bouček, Arachnopteromalus Gordh, Arriva Bouček, Arthrolytus Thomson, Asoka Bouček, Atrichomalus Graham, Boharticus Grissell, Bonitoa Bouček, Boucekina Szelényi, Brachycaudonia Ashmead, Bupronotum Xiao & Huang, Caenacis Förster, Caenocrepis Thomson, Calliprymna Graham, Callitula Spinola, Canberrana Bouček, Capellia Delucchi, Catolaccus Thomson, Cecidolampa Askew, Cecidostiba Thomson, Cheiropachus Westwood, Chlorocytus Graham, Chrysoglyphe Ashmead, Coelopisthia Förster, Conigastrus Bouček, Conomorium Masi, Cratomus Dalman, Critogaster Mayr, Cyclogastrella Bukovskii, Cyrtophagoides Narendran, Cyrtoptyx Delucchi, Dasyneurophaga Hedqvist, Delisleia Girault, Delucchia Koçak & Kemal, Dibrachoides Kurdjumov, Dibrachys Förster, Diglochis Förster, Dimachus Thomson, Dinarmoides Masi, Dinarmolaelaps Masi, Dinarmus Thomson, Dineuticida Bouček, Dinotiscus Ghesquière, Dinotoides Bouček, Diourbelia Risbec, Dirhicnus Thomson, Doganlaria Koçak & Kemal, Dorcatomophaga Kryger, Elderia Hedqvist, Endomychobius Ashmead, Epanogmus Girault, Epicatolaccus Blanchard, Epipteromalus Ashmead, Erdoesina Graham, Erythromalus Graham, Eulonchetron Graham, Eumacepolus Graham, Eurydinota Förster, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Eurydinotomorpha Girault, Euteloida Bouček, Ezgia Koçak & Kemal, Fedelia Delucchi, Ficicola Heydon, Fijita Bouček, Frena Bouček, Gbelcia Bouček, Genangula Bouček, Globimesosoma Xiao & Hui, Grissellium Bouček, Guancheria Hedqvist, Gugolzia Delucchi & Steffan, Guinea Koçak & Kemal, Guolina Heydon, Gyrinophagus Ruschka, Habritella Girault & Dodd, Habritys Thomson, Habromalina Dzhanokmen, Halomalus Erdős, Halticopterella Girault & Dodd, Halticopteroides Girault, Helocasis Wallace, Heterandrium Mayr, Heteroprymna Graham, Heteroschema Gahan, Hillerita Bouček, Hlavka Bouček, Hobbya Delucchi, Holcaeus Thomson, Homoporus Thomson, Huberina Bouček, Hypopteromalus Ashmead, Ischyroptyx Delucchi, Isocyrtella Risbec, Isocyrtus Walker, Isoplatoides Girault, Jaliscoa Bouček, Kaleva Graham, Klabonosa Bouček, Kratka Bouček, Kukua Bouček, Kumarella Sureshan, Lampoterma Graham, Lariophagus Crawford, Laticlypa Bouček, Lenka Bouček, Leodamus Masi, Leptomeraporus Graham, Licteria Risbec, Lomonosoffiella Girault, Lonchetron Graham, Longinucha Bouček, Lyrcus Walker, Lysirina Heydon, Lyubana Bouček, Makaronesa Graham, Mazinawa Bouček, Megadicylus Girault, Merallus Masi, Meraporus Walker, Merismoclea De Santis, Merismomorpha Girault, Merisus Walker, Mesopolobus Westwood, Metacolus Förster, Meximalus Bouček, Mimencyrtus De Santis, Mirekia Bouček, Miristhma Bouček, Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, Monoksa Bouček, Morodora Gahan, Muscidifurax Girault & Sanders, Nadelaia Bouček, Narendrella Sureshan, Nasonia Ashmead, Neanica Erdős, Nedinotus Bouček, Neocatolaccus Ashmead, Neolyubana Sureshan, Neopolycystus Girault, Nephelomalus Graham, Nikolskayana Bouček, Norbanus Walker, Nuchata Bouček, Oaxa Bouček, Obalana Bouček, Olchon Tselikh, Oniticellobia Bouček, Ottawita Bouček, Oxyharma Bouček, Oxysychus Delucchi, Pandelus Förster, Panstenon Walker, Paracarotomus Ashmead, Paradinarmus Masi, Paraiemea Sureshan & Narendran, Paroxyharma Huang & Tong, Pegopus Förster, Peridesmia Förster, Perilampidea Crawford, Perniphora Ruschka, Pestra Bouček, Pezilepsis Delucchi, Phaenocytus Graham, Platneptis Bouček, Platypteromalus Bouček, Procallitula De Santis, Propicroscytus Szelényi, Propodeia Bouček, Pseudanogmus Dodd & Girault, Pseudetroxys Masi, Pseudocatolaccus Masi, Psilocera Walker, Psilonotus Walker, Psychophagoides Graham, Psychophagus Mayr, Pterapicus Dzhanokmen, Pterisemoppa Girault, Pteromalus Swederus, Pterosemigastra Girault & Dodd, Pterosemopsis Girault, Ptinocida Bouček, Pycnetron Gahan, Quercanus Heydon, Rakosina Bouček, Raspela Bouček, Rhaphitelus Walker, Rhopalicus Förster, Rohatina Bouček, Roptrocerus Ratzeburg, Sceptrothelys Graham, Schizonotus Ratzeburg, Sedma Bouček, Sigynia Hedqvist, Sisyridivora Gahan, Spaniopus Walker, Sphegigastrella Masi, Sphegipterosema Girault, Sphegipterosemella Girault, Spilomalus Graham, Spintherus Thomson, Spodophagus Delvare & Rasplus, Staurothyreus Graham, Stenetra Masi, Stenomalina Ghesquière, Stenoselma Delucchi, Stichocrepis Förster, Stinoplus Thomson, Strejcekia Bouček, Synedrus Graham, Systellogaster Gahan, Szelenyinus Bouček, Tachingousa Tselikh, Tanina Bouček, Tanzanicesa Koçak & Kemal, Termolampa Bouček, Thureonella Gijswijt, Tomicobia Ashmead, Toxeumella Girault, Toxeumelloides Girault, Trichargyrus Dzhanokmen, Trichokaleva Bouček, Trichomalopsis Crawford, Trichomalus Thomson, Tricolas Bouček, Trimeromicrus Gahan, Trinotiscus Bouček, Tritneptis Girault, Trjapitzinia Dzhanokmen, Trychnosoma Graham, Tsela Bouček, Uniclypea Bouček, Urolepis Walker, Usubaia Kamijo, Veltrusia Bouček, Vrestovia Bouček, Xiphydriophagus Ferrière, Yanchepia Bouček, Yosemitea Bouček, Zdenekiana Huggert.

• Sycophaginae: Anidarnes Bouček, Conidarnes Farache & Rasplus, Eukoebelea Ashmead, Idarnes Walker, Neoeukobelea Lal, Farooqi & Husain, Pseudidarnes Girault, Sycidiphaga Liu, Rasplus & Huang, Sycophaga Westwood.

• Trigonoderinae: Erdoesia Bouček, Eutelisca Hedqvist, Gastracanthus Westwood, Janssoniella Kerrich, Miscogasteriella Girault, Neolelaps Ashmead, Ogloblinisca Hedqvist, Platygerrhus Thomson, Plutothrix Förster, Trigonoderus Westwood.

• Incertae sedis (unplaced to subfamily): Calolelaps Timberlake, Hemitrichus Thomson, Ksenoplata Bouček, Mesolelaps Ashmead, Stictolelaps Timberlake, Yusufia Koçak & Kemal

Microgastrinae of southern Africa

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pteromalid_hyperparasitoid.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2019_09_15_12_55_07_Microgastrinae_38425632.jpg

Drakensberg rockjumper

Drakensberg rockjumper
Male
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Chaetopidae
Genus:	Chaetops
Species:	C. aurantius
Binomial name
Chaetops aurantius Layard, 1867
General range: the Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands

The Drakensberg rockjumper or orange-breasted rockjumper (Chaetops aurantius) is a medium-sized insectivorous passerine bird endemic to the alpine grasslands and rock outcrops of the Drakensberg Mountains of southeastern South Africa and Lesotho. It is sometimes included with the allopatric Cape rockjumper in C. frenatus; the two are the only living species of the Chaetopidae (rockjumper family) if this is not merged with the Picathartidae (rockfowl).

This rockjumper is 23–25 cm long with a long black tail and strong legs. The male has a dark grey head with a thin white supercilium and a broad white moustache. The back and wings are dark grey.

A female with a caterpillar

An immature Drakensberg rockjumper

The underparts are orange and the rump is rufous red. The female and juvenile have a paler grey head, upperparts and wings, a duller head pattern, an orange rump, and buff underparts. The call is a loud wheeoo. The Cape rockjumper male has rufous red underparts, and the female and young are darker buff below than in C. aurantius.

This is a ground-nesting species which forages on rocky slopes and scree. It frequently perches on rocks. The Cape rockjumper uses one or two additional individuals, usually a pair's offspring of the preceding breeding season, to assist the parents in territorial defence and alarm calling, and in the feeding of nestlings and fledglings. Given the great similarities between the species, it is likely that Drakensberg rockjumper uses a similar strategy.

Taxonomy

Chaetops aurantius was described in 1867 by Edgar Leopold Layard in his book The birds of South Africa.

References

• Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton, SASOL Birds of Southern Africa (Struik 2002) ISBN 1-86872-721-1
• Richard T. Holmes, Bernhard D. Frauenknecht, Morné A. Du Plessis. Breeding system of the Cape Rockjumper, a South African fynbos endemic. The Condor. Volume 104, February 2002

External links

• Drakensberg/Orangebreasted Rockjumper - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.

Drakensberg rockjumper Category:Birds of Southern Africa Drakensberg rockjumper

Nutrient management

Soil pH

Calcifuges and Calcicoles

Observation of the predominant flora.

Fabaceae (N fixing)

Acacia mearnsii - Black Wattle Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Castanospermum australe - Moreton Bay Chestnut Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Centrosema virginianum - Butterfly Pea Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. Cytisus scoparius - Scotch broom Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. Lotus uliginosus - Greater Bird's Foot Trefoil Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. Lupinus angustifolius - Blue Lupin Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Lupinus littoralis - Seashore Lupine Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Lupinus luteus - Yellow Lupin Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Ulex europaeus - Common gorse Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Myricaceae (N fixing)

Comptonia peregrina Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Myrica californica Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Betulaceae

Betula lenta Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. Betula pendula Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. Betula pubescens Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Ericaceae

Calluna vulgaris - Scotch Heather Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Erica tetralix - Bog Heather Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Erica vagans - Cornish Heath Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Gaultheria procumbens - Creeping Wintergreen Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Vaccinium corymbosum - High-Bush Blueberry Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Vaccinium macrocarpon - American Cranberry Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Vaccinium virgatum - Rabbit-Eye Blueberry Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Pieris japonica - Lily-of-the-valley Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Rhododendron arboreum Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron indicum Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron ponticum Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron molle Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron anthopogon Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron luteum Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron campanulatum Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron kaempferi Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron mucronulatum Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Rhododendron japonicum Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Proteaceae

Protea cynaroides Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Protea mellifera Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils. Protea repens Suitable pH: acid soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Aceraceae Japanese Maple – Acer palmatum Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Aquifoliaceae Ilex aquifolium - Holly Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Cupressaceae Juniperus communis - Juniper Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Pinaceae Picea abies - Norway Spruce Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Picea glauca - White spruce Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils. Pinus sylvestris - Scot's Pine Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Taxaceae Taxus baccata - English yew Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Theaceae Camellia – Camellia japonica ‘Lavinia Maggi’ Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium alternifolium – Golden saxifrage Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Caprifoliaceae Lonicera periclymenum - European honeysuckle Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea anomala - Hydrangea Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. Hydrangea macrophylla - Florist's Hydrangea Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Hypericaceae Hypericum androsaemum - St. Johnswort Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Oleaceae Jasminum nudiflorum - Winter-Flowering Jasmin Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Poaceae

Cynodon dactylon - Bermuda Grass Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid, very alkaline and saline soils. Dactylis glomerata - Cock's Foot Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. Deschampsia caespitosa – Tufted hair grass Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.

Polypodiaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris - Ostrich Fern Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils.

http://www.edinburghgardenschool.com/2015/05/calcifuges-and-calcicoles/

Evergreen azalea – Rhododendron ‘Gumpo White’ Hybrid rhododendron – Rhododendron ‘Lavender Queen’ Mimosa – Acacia dealbata Suitable pH: acid and neutral soils. Tree Fern – Dicksonia squarrosa Winter Heath – Erica carnea ‘Myretoun Ruby’ Switch ivy – Leucothoe ‘Scarletta’ Lily – Lilium nepalense Sweet gum – Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Worplesdon’ Tulip tree – Liriodendron tulipifera Lily-turf – Liriope muscari ‘Monroe White’ Magnolia – Magnolia ‘Butterflies’ Purple Moor Grass – Molinia caerulea subsp. Arundinacea ‘Transparent’ Mondo grass – Ophiopogon japonicus Persian Ironwood – Parrotia persica

Calcicole (lime loving) plants include ash trees (Fraxinus spp.), honeysuckle (Lonicera), Buddleja, dogwoods (Cornus spp.), lilac (Syringa) and Clematis species.

Fabaceae

Caragana arborescens - Siberian Pea Tree Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Melilotus officinalis - Sweetclover Suitable pH: neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in saline soils.

Annona squamosa Custard Apple Suitable pH: neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline and saline soils.

Carica papaya papaya Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. Chenopodium quinoa quinoa Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid, very alkaline and saline soils. Corylus avellana Hazelnut Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Buddleia davidii Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Buddleja asiatica Buddleja officinalis Buddleia paniculata

Clematis vitalba Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Clematis terniflora Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Clematis flammula Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Clematis chinensis Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Clematis serratifolia Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Clematis apiifolia Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Clematis ianthina Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Clematis brachyura Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.

Cornus mas Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Cornus officinalis Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Cornus sanguinea Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Cornus capitata Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Cornus amomum Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Cornus chinensis Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.

Fraxinus americana Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Fraxinus texensis Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Fraxinus angustifolia Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Fraxinus bungeana Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.

Lonicera periclymenum Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.

Syringa vulgaris Suitable pH: neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. Syringa josikaea Suitable pH: neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.

Rhododendrons on alkaline soils

N Cycle

Leach, A. M., Galloway, J. N., Bleeker, A., Erisman, J. W., Kohn, R., & Kitzes, J. (2012). A nitrogen footprint model to help consumers understand their role in nitrogen losses to the environment. Environmental Development, 1(1), 40-66.

Pärn, J., Pinay, G., & Mander, Ü. (2012). Indicators of nutrients transport from agricultural catchments under temperate climate: A review. Ecological indicators, 22, 4-15.

Legume versus fertilizer sources of nitrogen.

Oil Palm

Corley, R. H. V., & Tinker, P. B. (2003). The climate and soils of the oil palm-growing regions. The oil palm. Blackwell Science Ltd Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 53-88.

Corley, R. H. V., & Tinker, P. B. H. (2008). The climate and soils of the oil palm-growing regions. The oil palm. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/9780470750971.ch3

Purdue new energy crop site