The British Institute of Florence is a cultural institute founded in 1917 in Florence, Italy, with the aim of promoting Anglo-Italian cultural relations, teaching the English and Italian languages, and running a Library of English books to illustrate British and Italian literature, art, history and music. It is the oldest overseas British cultural institute in the world.
History edit
The Institute was set up in late 1917, towards the end of the First World War, by a group of Anglo-Italian scholars, intellectuals and public figures who were keen to counter anti-British propaganda. Discussions had taken place shortly before the outbreak of war as to the possibility of founding an institute similar to the Institut Français de Florence (established in 1907). Among those involved in the early days of the British Institute were Walter Ashburner, Guido Biagi, Guido Ferrando, Edward Hutton, Carlo Placci, Angelo Orvieto, Gaetano Salvemini, Aldo Sorani, G.M. and Janet Trevelyan, Herbert Trench and Lina Waterfield (née Duff Gordon). The Institute was formally opened in June 1918 by the Ambassador, Sir Rennell Rodd.
In 1923 with Rodd’s assistance and with Janet Trevelyan’s hard work a Royal Charter was applied for and granted by King George V. Among the signatories to the petition for the Royal Charter were the Consul C.W. Maclean; R.S. Conway, Professor of Latin at Manchester University; Arthur Acton, father of Harold Acton; R.S. Spranger; the Irish poet Herbert Trench. According to the Charter, the aim of the Institute was "the systematic study of English language and literature and for the diffusion of British culture in Italy"[1].
The Institute occupied various premises (including the beautiful Loggia Ruccellai, where the sister of Lorenzo the Magnificent was married in 1460) before settling into the Palazzo Antinori in 1923. The Library and classrooms were located in this elegant but austere building until 1966.
Directors edit
The first three Directors drew no salary and were therefore styled Honorary Directors:
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Harold Goad’s predilection for Mussolini’s New Italy damaged the Institute’s reputation in the 1930s (he wrote a number of apologies for Fascism and the Corporate State[2]). Its reputation was restored under the musicologist Francis Toye, who was fortunate on his return after the war to find that the Library had been preserved intact: this was partly due to the dedication of the librarian Giulietta Fermi and to the protection of the Swiss Consulate. Toye was replaced in 1958 by Ian Greenlees, who had worked for the British Council and Rome and had many contacts among the Italian Left dating from his wartime experience at Radio Bari, which he founded in order to broadcast Allied propaganda. His portrait in the uniform of a Major in the British army was painted by his friend Renato Guttuso. Greenlees and his librarian Robin Chanter greatly expanded the Library. When the lease on the Palazzo Lanfredini expired in the mid-1960s, Greenlees’s friend Harold Acton made available three floors of the Palazzo Lanfredini, on the south side of the river, to house the Library. There was not however enough room for the teaching operation, and in 1964 the School was moved to the Palazzo Spini-Ferroni, in piazza Santa Trinita. Among those who served on the Board of Governors was the art historian and former spy Anthony Blunt. David Rundle, appointed director in 1981, had a background in the British Council and made contacts with the Foreign Office, whereas the Italianist Frank Woodhouse from Cambridge University established closer ties with British academic life. In 1996 the School was moved again, this time to the Palazzo Strozzino in piazza Strozzi. Courses of English and Italian, as well as History of Art, are held. The Institute is an authorised centre for the University of Cambridge ESOL examinations.
Cultural programme edit
Among those who in the past have lectured or given readings at the Institute are Harold Acton, Piero Bigongiari, Quentin Bell, Elizabeth Bowen, Cecil Day-Lewis, Edith Evans, Joan Haslip, Francis King, Fosco Maraini, Edwin Muir, Frank Muir, Iris Murdoch, Tim Parks, John Pope-Hennessy, Mario Praz, Lorna Sage, Edith Sitwell, Muriel Spark, Robert Speaight, William Trevor, Gore Vidal, Marina Warner, Angus Wilson; more recent speakers have included Robin Butler, Geoffrey Hill, Anthony Kenny and Alexander McCall-Smith.
Library edit
The Library of some 50,000 volumes is housed on three floors of the Palazzo Lanfredini and is claimed to be the largest lending library of English books in continental Europe. It is intended to illustrate British and Italian culture. There are substantial holdings in literature, history, music and history of art, as well as smaller sections devoted to philosophy, religion, social sciences and language. Over the years the it has received donations of books from many individuals, including Harold Acton, Bernard Berenson, John Buchan, Irene Cooper Willis (the Vernon Lee collection), Henry Furst, Victor Gollancz, Dorothy Nevile Lees (the Edward Gordon Craig collection), Henry Newbolt, Osbert Sitwell, R.S. Spranger.
Archive edit
Since 2001 an archive has been housed in the Palazzo Lanfredini, comprising not only the Institute’s own records but also literary and historical collections donated over time, including the Craig, Horner, Hutton, Vernon Lee, Macquay and Waterfield collections.
Royal visits edit
Princess Margaret visited the Institute in 1972, on the occasion of the Henry Moore exhibition at Forte Belevedere in Florence. Helen, former Queen of Romania, attended lectures and concerts in the 1970s. The Prince and Princess of Wales visited the School and Library in 1985, after Prince Charles had agreed to become the Institute’s Patron (together with the statesman Giovanni Spadolini). Prince Charles returned in 2002. His Co-Patron is now Signora Wanda Ferragamo.
Trivia edit
D.H. Lawrence went into the British Institute one day, upset by the Director’s Fascist leanings, and shouted “This is the Anti-British Institute”. He was forcibly ejected. This anecdote was told to Hunter Davies by the Director David Rundle in 1985[3].
- Notes
- ^ See List of organisations with a British royal charter
- ^ Claudia Baldoli, Exporting Fascism: Italian Fascists and Britain's Italians in the 1930s (2003), p. 20.
- ^ Hunter Davies, The Grand Tour, Hamish Hamilton, London 1986
References edit
- Acton, Harold. (1948). Memoirs of an Aesthete. London: Methuen.
- Davies, Hunter. (1986). The Grand Tour. London: Hamish Hamilton.
- Donaldson, Frances. (1984). The British Council: the first fifty years. London: Jonathan Cape.
- Macadam, Alta. (2005). Florence (Blue Guides). London: Somerset Books.
- Moorman, Mary. (1980). George Macaulay Trevelyan: a memoir. London: Hamish Hamilton.
- Seton-Watson, Christopher. (1973). "British Propaganda in Italy." Inghilterra e Italia nel ’900, Firenze: La Nuova Italia.
- Rodd, James Rennell. (1925). Social and Diplomatic Memoirs (Third Series) 1902-1919. London: Edward Arnold.
- Toye, Francis. (1950). For what we have received: an autobiography. London: Heinemann.
- Waterfield, Lina. (1962). Castle in Italy. London: John Murray.
External links edit
- British Institute of Florence (in English and Italian)