User:Aadiplaw/sandbox/KASHMIR ISSUE BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND INDIA

(KASHMIR ISSUE BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND INDIA)

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Background:

On 5 August, 2019, significant changes were declared by the Government of the Narendra Modi which led the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), to Article 370 of the Indian Constitution that gave "special status" to the state of J&K. Kashmir’s the jugular vein of Pakistan and decision of India to alter its special status has given rise to peace and stability challenges in this region.

At the time of the partition, in 1947, Maharaja of the Princely State of Kashmir acceded to India for his evil gain. The public opposed this accession to the Indian Union and took up arms against the Indian armed forces. Consequently, war broke out between Pakistan and India on the Kashmir Front. UNSC intervention requested by the Indian government led to a ceasefire between the two sides. The ceasefire was later changed to the Line of Control (LOC). UNSC proposed a plebiscite to be held in Kashmir in order to find a solution according to the will of Kashmiri but India never let that plebiscite to take place.

In October 1947, Maharaja Singh signed the “Instrument of Accession”. As a direct outcome of this instrument article 370 was added to the Indian constitution. Article 370, of which 35A is a part, has been the premise of Kashmir's complex relationship with India for almost 70 years. Article 370, which grants Kashmir special status within India, gives Kashmir significant autonomy except for foreign affairs, defense, and communications. Article 35A of the Constitution allows the legislature of Indian-administered Kashmir to define the permanent residents of the state and their distinctive features.

India’s cruelty:

In 2014, Indian cruelty intensified within Kashmir when the BJP government came into power. BJP is the political face of the RSS. RSS being an extremist right-wing Indian political cum militant organization preaches "Hindutva" and by repelling said articles supported the forced union of J&K. BJP won the second term in office by adopting an ultra-nationalistic, and anti-Pakistan approach. In its manifesto, BJP claimed that the special status of Kashmir will be revoked. This move has been expected by the Indian Government after the dissolution of the Kashmir Assembly in 2018. In the absence of a constituent assembly in 2019, the BJP used the Kashmir governor to endorse the campaign and thereby to brand the movement as something under the banner of the constitution

The revocation of the said articles has further alienated Kashmiri youth from the Indian state. This undemocratic move was followed by an indefinite curfew inside the valley and a huge surge in the number of military and paramilitary forces. Kashmiris were immediately denied the basic rights of expression, speech, and protest by the imposition of curfew and by the administered internet outage.

This undemocratic act the Indian Premier of snatching away the identity of Kashmiri may have some serious consequences. Predominantly, there is the fear of a new bloody freedom struggle that could create unimaginable instability; secondly, India could start an all-out war with Pakistan by involving Pakistan in Kashmiri freedom struggle-related actions; Third, the basic strategy of curbing rebellion, i.e. genocide, followed by the Indian armed forces fitted with all sorts of lethal weapons; fourth, enforce structural reform in Jammu and Kashmir in an attempt to transform the Muslim majority into a minority; fifth, India can pave the way for seeds of Hindutva doctrine by creating militant Hindu centers in Jammu and Kashmir; Finally, by refusing Kashmiri youth schooling and equal opportunities, they are reduced to the rank of third-grade residents and even below.

Pakistan’s response:

Pakistan has always been a significant figure in the Kashmir issue. Pakistan’s parliament on August 6, 2019, rejected the Indian law of abrogating Article 370 and 35A. Pakistan removed the High Commissioner of India from the office. In addition to this, Pakistan threatened India that it’ll suspend the bilateral trade including Dosti Bus and Samjhota Express Train Service. To raise awareness, Pakistan celebrated August 14th as Solidarity Day with Kashmir and India’s Independence Day, 15th August, as Black Day. At the strategic level, Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry arranged meetings with a mission to remind India to respect UNSC’s resolutions in Kashmir. Moreover, Pakistan approached different platforms to investigate Indian barbarities in Kashmir such as OIC and UNSC, and Human Rights Council. This proved fruitful as OIC considered human rights violations and urged to settle the issue respectively.

Policy options for Pakistan:

While much needs to be achieved on Pakistan’s part, Pakistan must be rational and logical when deciding the next steps. Pakistan should continue its role in the Kashmir issue and it should not let any disruption break or weaken its momentum. Let the world come to Pakistan for trade and develop a national economy. India has effectively cashed in on its market and boosted the emerging economy by increasing its courage to take unilateral action on Kashmir. Pakistan's moral and diplomatic support for Kashmir must not be dubbed as ‘supporting terrorism’. Pakistan can do this by stepping up the relocation of Pakistanis to the West, holding seminars and discussions in leading think tanks, convening bilateral and multilateral meetings of parliamentarians, and issuing newsletters in international forums. Set up a tri-party committee made up of delegates from both Azad Kashmir and J&K, China and Pakistan, to make joint statements on developments within Kashmir. Attain votes in its favor in the international community via a broad diplomatic approach. Moreover, use media campaign's to present their own narratives. Pattern Hybrid warfare is the essence of today's conflict patterns. The Indian authorities have already recognized Pakistan's success in the hybrid war, which must be sustained without complacency. Keep the nation informed through repeated press briefings by political, diplomatic, and military spokespersons. Nuclear power is about to take effect, though this is the last resort. Religious and political reconciliation must be achieved for the response of the whole nation. Present itself in the Afghan peace process by bringing the parties back to the negotiating table. )

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