Urim is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Kalp; dialects are Kukwo, Yangkolen. There is a grammatical description by Hemmilä and Luoma (2009).[2]
| Urim | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | East Sepik Province, Sandaun Province |
Native speakers | 3,700 (2003)[1] |
Torricelli
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | uri |
| Glottolog | urim1252 |
| ELP | Urim |
Phonology edit
Urim has vowel length contrast, but only for monosyllabic words. Urim also has the prestopped nasals /pm/, /tn/, and /kŋ/.[3]
Urim minimal pairs with short and long vowels:[3]
- waŋ ‘time’, waːŋ ‘tree trunk’
- hen ‘wild sago’, heːn ‘outside’
Pre-stopped nasals contrast with non-pre-stopped nasals:[3]
- wak ‘species of plant’, waŋ ‘time’, wakŋ ‘fire’
- yat ‘enough’, yan ‘father’, hatn ‘walk’
- lim ‘nose’, kipm ‘you (pl)’
- melp ‘wasp’, yelm ‘earthquake’, walpm ‘liver’
Pronouns edit
Pronouns are:[3]
singular dual paucal plural 1incl mentepm 1excl kupm mentakŋ minto men 2 kitn kipmekŋ kipmteŋ kipm 3 kil tuwekŋ tuteŋ tu
Like the Lower Sepik-Ramu languages, Urim (as well as Kombio) distinguishes dual and paucal pronouns.[3]
References edit
- ^ Urim at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Hemmilä, Ritva, and Luoma, Pirkko. 2009. Urim grammar. http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/abstract.asp?id=52255
- ^ a b c d e Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.