Trogon is a genus of Coraciimorphae birds in the trogon family. Its members occur in forests and woodlands of the Americas, ranging from southeastern Arizona to northern Argentina.
| Trogon | |
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| Elegant trogon (Trogon elegans) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Trogoniformes |
| Family: | Trogonidae |
| Genus: | Trogon Brisson, 1760 |
| Type species | |
| Trogon viridis Linnaeus, 1766
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| Species | |
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See text. | |
They have large eyes, stout hooked bills, short wings, and long, squared-off, strongly graduated tails; black and white tail-feather markings form distinctive patterns on the underside. Males have richly colored metallic plumage, metallic on the upperparts.[1] Although many have brightly coloured bare eye-rings, they lack the colorful patches of bare facial skin in their African counterparts, Apaloderma.[2] Females and young are duller and sometimes hard to identify in the field.[1] Eggs are white or bluish-white, unlike the pale blue eggs of quetzals.[2] See the family account for further details.
Taxonomy edit
The genus Trogon was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the green-backed trogon (Trogon viridis) as the type species.[3][4] The name of the genus is from the Ancient Greek τρωγων trōgōn for "fruit-eating" or "gnawing".[5] The name had previously been used by the German naturalist Paul Möhring in 1752 for the blue-crowned trogon (Trogon curucui).[6]
The following cladogram shows the relationships between the 20 species placed in the genus. It is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Jeffrey Dacosta and John Klicka that was published in 2008.[7] The cladogram incorporates the species splits that resulted from this study.[8]
| Trogon |
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Certain plumage features map onto the phylogeny. In Clade A the females are brown-backed while in the other two clades females are gray-backed. The males in Clade A are all green-headed. In Clade B the males are green-headed and have mostly dark undertail patterns. In Clade C males are blue- or black-headed and have white or contrasting black-and-white undertail patterns. The belly color does not map onto the phylogeny. For example, in Clade C Baird's trogon is red-bellied while the white-tailed trogon is yellow-bellied. Similarly, the blue-crowned trogon is red-bellied while the Guianan trogon is yellow-bellied.[7]
Species edit
The 20 species now recognised in the genus are:[8]
| Male | Female | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Black-throated trogon or Yellow-bellied Trogon | Trogon rufus | Honduras south to western Ecuador and northern Argentina |
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Elegant trogon | Trogon elegans | Guatemala in the south as far north as the upper Gila River in Arizona and New Mexico |
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Mountain trogon | Trogon mexicanus | Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico and has occurred in El Salvador |
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Collared trogon | Trogon collaris | northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago | |
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_-_Hembra_(16320067632).jpg) |
Masked trogon | Trogon personatus | the Andes |
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Lattice-tailed trogon | Trogon clathratus | Costa Rica and Panama |
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Slaty-tailed trogon | Trogon massena | southeastern Mexico south through Central America, to Colombia, and a small region of northwestern Ecuador |
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Ecuadorian trogon | Trogon mesurus (split from T. melanurus) | western Ecuador and far north-western Peru | |
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Chocó trogon | Trogon comptus | western Colombia and north-western Ecuador. | |
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Black-tailed trogon | Trogon melanurus | north-western South America and adjacent Panama |
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Citreoline trogon | Trogon citreolus | western Mexico | |
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Black-headed trogon | Trogon melanocephalus | northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago |
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Green-backed trogon | Trogon viridis | the Amazon, the Guiana Shield, Trinidad, and the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil |
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Baird's trogon | Trogon bairdii | Costa Rica and far western Panama |
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White-tailed trogon | Trogon chionurus (split from T. viridis) | Chocó, ranging from Panama, through western Colombia, to western Ecuador | |
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_female.jpg) |
Gartered trogon | Trogon caligatus (split from T. violaceus) | east-central Mexico, south through Central America, to west or north of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela |
| Amazonian trogon | Trogon ramonianus (split from T. violaceus) | the Amazon | ||
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Surucua trogon | Trogon surrucura | south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and far north-eastern Argentina and Uruguay |
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Guianan trogon | Trogon violaceus | Mexico, Central America, and northern South America | |
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Blue-crowned trogon | Trogon curucui | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru |
References edit
- ^ a b Hilty, Steven L. (2003), Birds of Venezuela, Princeton University Press, p. 438, ISBN 0-691-09250-8
- ^ a b Williamson, Sheri L.; Colston, P. R. (2003), "Trogons", in Christopher Perrins (ed.), Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds, Firefly Books, pp. 362–363, ISBN 1-55297-777-3
- ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 42, Vol. 4, p. 164.
- ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
- ^ Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
- ^ Möhring, Paul Heinrich Gerhard (1752). Avium Genera (in Latin). Avricae: apvd G.G. Rvmp. p. 85, No. 114.
- ^ a b Dacosta, Jeffrey M.; Klicka, John (2008). "The great American interchange in birds: a phylogenetic perspective with the genus Trogon". Molecular Ecology. 17 (5): 1328–1343. Bibcode:2008MolEc..17.1328D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03647.x. PMID 18302692. S2CID 25090736.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Mousebirds, trogons, Cuckoo Roller". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
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