Trefoil factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF2 gene.[5][6][7]

TFF2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesTFF2, SML1, SP, trefoil factor 2
External IDsOMIM: 182590; MGI: 1306805; HomoloGene: 3956; GeneCards: TFF2; OMA:TFF2 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005423

NM_009363

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005414

NP_033389

Location (UCSC)Chr 21: 42.35 – 42.35 MbChr 17: 31.36 – 31.36 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium. The encoded protein inhibits gastric acid secretion. This gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21.[7]

Glycan binding

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All human trefoil factors are lectins that interact specifically with the disaccharide GlcNAc-α-1,4-Gal.[8] This disaccharide is an unusual glycotope that is only known to exist on the large, heavily glycosylated, mucins in the mucosa. By cross-linking mucins through the bivalent binding of this glycotope, the trefoil factors are then able to reversible modulate the thickness and viscosity of the mucus.[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160181Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024028Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Tomasetto C, Rockel N, Mattei MG, Fujita R, Rio MC (Sep 1992). "The gene encoding the human spasmolytic protein (SML1/hSP) is in 21q 22.3, physically linked to the homologous breast cancer marker gene BCEI/pS2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1328–30. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90059-2. PMID 1505966.
  6. ^ Gott P, Beck S, Machado JC, Carneiro F, Schmitt H, Blin N (May 1997). "Human trefoil peptides: genomic structure in 21q22.3 and coordinated expression". Eur J Hum Genet. 4 (6): 308–15. doi:10.1159/000472224. PMID 9043862. S2CID 25235589.
  7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: TFF2 trefoil factor 2 (spasmolytic protein 1)".
  8. ^ a b Järvå MA, Lingford JP, John A, Soler NM, Scott NE, Goddard-Borger ED (May 2020). "Trefoil factors share a lectin activity that defines their role in mucus". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2265. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2265J. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16223-7. PMC 7221086. PMID 32404934.

Further reading

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