Wikipedia

Toma N. Socolescu

Toma N. Socolescu (Ploiești, 1848 - Ploiești, November 22, 1897) was an important Romanian Neoclassical architect of the mid-to-late 19th century. He was the first Romanian-trained architect in Prahova county and played a major role in the town planning of Ploiești. He built numerous public works in his region of Prahova County, while also having the distinction of having practiced as a building contractor. He executed his own plans as well as those of other architects.

Toma N. Socolescu
Toma N. Socolescu in his thirties.
Born1848 (1848)
Ploiești, Principality of Wallachia
Died12 November 1897(1897-11-12) (aged 48–49)
Ploiești, Kingdom of Romania
NationalityRomanian
Alma materThe National School of Fine Arts
OccupationArchitect
Years active1870-1897
ChildrenToma T. Socolescu
Parent(s)Niculae Gheorghe Socol, Ioana Săndulescu
RelativesIon N. Socolescu [ro], brother
AwardsMember of the Order of the Crown of Romania to the rank of Knight
PracticeArchitecture, urban planning, civil construction, painter.
BuildingsSfantu Vîneri and Sfinții Împărați churches, municipal baths of Ploiești, Cuza-Vodă barracks of Bucharest
ProjectsRealization of the first topographic map of Ploiești in 1882.
DesignNeoclassical architecture

Biography

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Born in 1848 in Ploiești, son of Niculae Gheorghe Socol, major architect of the Județ of Prahova, in the Neoclassical[e 1] style, he was the only Romanian architect working in Prahova county at the time, other architects being of foreign origin[e 2]. He built numerous public and official buildings, churches and remarkable private homes, many of which are part of Romania's historic architectural heritage. He also was the city architect of Ploiești from 1880[a 1][e 3] and a master builder. In indeed, he built most of his structures after drawing up all the plans. According to his son, Toma T. Socolescu, he himself manufactured the materials needed for construction[c 1]. From 1883 to 1886, he houses the School of Trades and Arts, where the sons of the town's builders are trained in the building trades, in its own house[a 2][e 4]. Toma T. Socolescu, recalls in his memoirs his extreme closeness to the craftsmen, who consider him one of their own[b 1].

Thus, as master builder and contractor[e 5], executing the plans of other architects, he built schools, hospitals, high school and barracks[c 1][e 6].

 
Michael the Brave drawing by Toma N. Socolescu.

Hard worker, he also has a real artistic talent. Fine draughtsman and watercolourist[b 2], he also enjoys creating and shaping decorative glazed terracotta crafts, as well as traditional Romanian stoves, in his own home[a 3][d 1]. The Art Museum of Ploiești has a watercolor and a drawing: Michael the Brave, on horseback[1]. Originally from Transylvania, and echoing the city's foundation by Michael the Brave, the architect decorated many of his buildings with a frontispiece featuring a bas-relief of the Prince[a 4][b 3][d 2].

He was very close to his younger brother, the architect Ion N. Socolescu [ro], whom he supported financially throughout his architectural studies at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He left Ploiești with his entire family for Bucharest in 1896, not only to follow the construction of the Cuza-Vodă barracks, but also to keep in constant touch with the Society of Architects, of which he was a founding member. He took up residence not far from his brother Ion's house, at 29 Boulevard Carol[e 7].

He was one of the twenty or so signatories, including Ion Mincu[2], of a petition asking the Prime Minister to create a Historical Monuments Commission to protect and conserve Romania's architectural heritage. The petition was published in the journal: Annals of Architecture in May 1890[3].

In the last years of his life, he became involved in the oil industry, owning an oil derrick in the commune of Buștenari [ro], in the Județ of Prahova. In association with Toma Rucăreanu, he himself built a gas factory called "Lumina", next to the South railway station [ro], from Ploiești[a 3][c 2][d 1].

He died at the age of 48 on November 22, 1897 in Ploiești, having completed a substantial career.[e 1], despite the premature end of his professional activity. He is buried in the Socolescu family vault at Bucharest's Bellu Cemetery.

Education and travels

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Royal Decree no. 2904 appointing Toma N. Socolescu, published in the Romanian Official Monitor on February 21, 1884, p. 6470.

He studied architecture in the section led by architects Alexandru Orăscu and Carol Benesch (or Carol Beniş) at the School of Fine Arts- Bucharest. At the request of Vasile Urechea Alexandrescu, then Minister of National Education, Theodor Aman, director of the School of Fine Arts, painter and major player in the Romanian cultural renaissance [fr], awarded him a scholarship for merit[b 4][e 8]. He entered the school on December 23, 1867, graduating in 1870[a 5][b 5][d 3], after a classical academic training[e 9]. His diploma is signed by King Carol I[a 6][c 1][d 4]. Romanian architects were trained in the spirit of classical architecture. Neo-classical architecture was adopted in Wallachia and Moldavia as early as the 18th century[e 9], and lasted until the end of the 19th century.

Very active and eager to learn, he undertook two month-long study trips to France and Italy, the first in the winter of 1893-1894[b 6]. He visits his brother Ion N. Socolescu [ro], then a student architect at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. His train journey continued to Marseille, Nice, Monte-Carlo, then Italy to Genoa, Rome and Naples, where he discovered Pompeii and Herculaneum. On the way back, he visited Venice. In 1896, he took a final trip, this time with his wife, to northern Italy. He visited Milan, then Nice again, and returned to Paris, again by train. He passed through Vienna before arriving in Ploiești on on February 13, 1896[b 6].

Public offices, titles and responsibilities

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  • President of the Ploiești builders' society[b 1].
  • City architect of Ploiești from 1880[a 1][d 5].
  • Founding member of the Society of Romanian Architects[4], created around February 16, 1891. He was the only one of the founders to practice architecture in Ploiești[c 3][5][6].
  • Judicial expert in construction, near the Court of Prahova around 1890[7].
  • Awarded the Cavalier Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania on February 21, 1884[e 7].

Genealogy

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The Socol family of Berivoiul-Mare [ro], formerly part of Făgăraș or Țara Făgărașului is a branch of the Socol family of Muntenia, which lived in the county of Dâmbovița. A 'Socol', great boyar and son-in-law of Mihai Viteazul (1557–1601), had two religious foundations in Dâmbovița county, still existing, Cornești and Răzvadu de Sus. He built their churches and another one in the suburb of Târgoviște. This boyar married Marula, daughter of Tudora din Popești, also known as Tudora din Târgșor,[8] sister of Prince Antonie-Vodă. Marula was recognized by Mihai Viteazul as his illegitimate daughter, following an extra-marital liaison with Tudora. Marula is buried in the church of Răzvadu de Sus, where, on a richly carved stone slab,[9] her name can be read.

Nicolae Iorga, the great Romanian historian and friend of his son Toma T. Socolescu, found Socol ancestors among the founders of the City of Făgăraș in the 12th century.[b 7] In 1655, the Prince of Transylvania George II Rákóczi ennobled an ancestor of Nicolae G. Socol: "Ștefan Boier din Berivoiul Mare, and through him his wife Sofia Spătar, his son Socoly, and their heirs and descendants of whatever sex, to be treated and regarded as true and undeniable NOBLEMEN.",[b 8] in gratitude for his services as the Prince's courier in the Carpathians, a function "which he fulfilled faithfully and steadfastly for many years, and especially in these stormy times [...]".[b 8][b 9] Around 1846, five Socol[b 10] come to Muntenia, from Berivoiu Mare [ro], in the territory of Făgăraș.

"Five brothers crossed the mountains, all builders, from the Făgăraș region, a village at the foot of the mountains, Berivoiul-Mare [ro], where the name of Socol is still widespread today , and where one of their ancestors is said to have come from Munténie, namely from the region of Târgoviște, which is the home of the Socol family, being to this day, near Târgovişte, Valea lui Socol (the Socol Valley), as well as their two founding churches, in Răzvadu de Sus and Cornești[a 7][c 4]."

One of the brothers was architect Nicolae Gh. Socol (??-1872). He settled in Ploiești around 1840-1845, and named himself Socolescu. He married Iona Săndulescu, from the Sfantu Spiridon suburb. He had a daughter (died in infancy) and four sons,[a 8][d 6] two of whom became major architects: Toma N. Socolescu and Ion N. Socolescu [ro]. The lineage of architects continues with Toma T. Socolescu, and his son Barbu Socolescu.

The historian, cartographer and geographer Dimitrie Papazoglu [ro] evokes, in 1891,[e 10] the presence of Romanian boyars of the first rank Socoleşti, in Bucharest, descendants of Socol from Dâmbovița. Finally, Constantin Stan also refers, in 1928, to the precise origin of Nicolae Gheorghe Socol :

"At the foot of the Carpathians, on the right bank of the stream of the same name, lies the commune of Berivoiul-Mare [ro] [...], one of the oldest villages in the Olt household [...]. The inhabitants are composed of serfs and former boyars. [...], and the Romanian boyar families were: Socol, Boyer, Sinea and Răduleț, soldiers with border guard privileges.[...] The G. Streza Socol family gave birth to Nicolae Socol, a graduated architect from Vienna, who settled in the town of Ploeşti with several of his brothers around the middle of the last century[e 11]."

Family tree


Nicolae Gh. Socol (18??-1872) architectIoana Săndulescu
Alexandrina Nicolau (1860–1900)Toma N. Socolescu (1848–1897) architect and builder in PloieștiNicolae N. Socolescu timber merchantGhiță N. Socolescu artist painter, dead during his graduate studiesIon N. Socolescu [ro] (1856–1924) architect
Florica Tănescu (1887-1969)Toma T. Socolescu (1883–1960) professor-architectFlorica T. SocolescuSmaranda T. SocolescuIoan T. SocolescuCoralia-Ioana-Margareta T. Socolescu
Mircea Socolescu (1907–1978) settled in France in 1945, married without childrenToma Gheorghe Barbu Socolescu (1909–1977) professor-architectIrena Gabriela Vasilescu (1910–1993) artist painter, teacher
Mihai Ștefan Marc Socolescu (1942–1994) teacherMaria Lois (1942-2021) teacher
Laura Socolescu (1967) settled in France – artist-choreographer, dancer


Architectural and urban planning achievements

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First topographical plan of the city of Ploiești drawn up by the chief architect Toma N. Socolescu, in 1883.

Toma N. Socolescu began his career as an architect and a master builder in his hometown in 1870[a 5][d 3]. He designed and built all types of buildings: private homes, public buildings, factories, churches and more. As architect for the city of Ploiești, in 1882 he drew up the city's first topographical plan: Planul urbei Ploesci[10], nomenclatura, by Toma N. Socolescu, architectu, URBEI, Anu 1882[a 9][d 7].

He contributed to the creation of the new large boulevard of independence (Bulevardul Independenţei) linking the brand-new South Railway Station (Gară de Sud) to the city center. The route was decided in 1871 by the town council after much dithering and reversals.[11]. Socolescu resumed the work of Cristian Kertsch, the architect who had drawn up the expropriation plan for the project.[a 10][12]. The boulevard will become the city's main artery.

In 1830, the town of Ploiești had no official, public buildings, schools or hospitals. Public services were housed in private premises rented for the purpose, often unfit for the purpose[a 11][d 8]. So everything remained to be built. Toma N. Socolescu then played a major role in the construction and planning of public buildings.

The town owes most of its official public buildings of the 19th and early 20th centuries to him[e 12]. Most lasted until 1944. Some, particularly the churches, are still visible.

In Ploiești

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Churches, public buildings and artworks

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  • Plans and building of Sfânta Vineri [ro] church of Ploiești[13], between 1875 and 1880, located at 12, strada Neagoe Basarab. It is in neoclassical style, also marked by the influence of contemporary German Baroque[a 12][d 9]. The three traditional-style towers are of Russian inspiration[e 13]. Many Russian soldiers, present during the Russo-Turkish conflict, contributed to its construction[a 13][d 3]. It survived despite extensive damage from the 1940 earthquake and 1977, as well as the American bombing raids of 1944. Reconsolidated in 1998, the church is a listed historic monument[14]. Its inside walls are frescoed by the painter Gheorghe Tattarescu[a 14][d 10], then spelled: Tătărăscu.
  • Plans of Viișoara cemetery chapel in 1880, when the cemetery sharing the same name was founded[a 5][c 1][d 3].
  • Plans and construction of Sfinţii Împărați Constantin și Elena church[15], from 1894[d 11], located at the intersection of Ion Luca Caragiale, Take Ionescu and Mărășești streets. The architect was inspired by the Episcopal church of Curtea de Argeș, known at the time as the most beautiful monument in the country[a 15][d 12] but also by the style of his brother Ion N. Socolescu [ro][16]. The building's interior is decorated by the then-famous church painter: Toma Vintilescu. The work was not completed until 1902.[d 11]. Severely affected by war and earthquakes, the church was restored and re-consecrated in 1945.
 
Sfânta Vineri Church.
 
Church of the Holy Emperors Constantine and Elena.
 
Viișoara cemetery chapel.
 
Ploiești' Statue of Liberty in 1908.
Churches and works of art.
  • Plans and construction of the old Tribunal, built in 1873[a 4][d 2], located on the sidewalk of today's Hotel Prahova Plaza, on strada Mihail Kogălniceanu, just opposite the Ergas Mamaciu house. It was severely damaged by the 1940 earthquake and demolished in the following months[f 1].
 
The old Ploiești courthouse designed and built by Toma N. Socolescu, in 1879.
  • He designed and built the Palace of the Municipal Baths, commissioned by Radu Stanian [ro], between 1877 and 1979[a 16][d 13][f 2]. The baths, later renamed Municipal Baths, were then sold to the city. Inaugurated in 1881, they were a symbol admired by local residents. They remained in operation until after the Second World War, housing the baths, but also, by period, part of the classes of the Sfântul Petru şi Pavel high school[17], a typographic workshop and other institutions, such as the Nicolae Iorga Library from 1921 until 1941[18]. They were finally destroyed by the Communists in 1955[e 14], and replaced by bland, unstyled[f 2] housing blocks.
  • Plans and construction of the School of Arts and Crafts[19], on strada Văleni (at the time), built in 1886[a 17][d 14]. Classified as a historic monument[20], it is located at n°22 on strada Văleni and now houses[21] a public administration: the Urban Management Services of the city of Ploiești.
  • Plans and construction of Boys' elementary school "Number 3", in 1888, one of the city's oldest elementary school, then located at the corner of Târgușor (or Târgșor) streets, and lieutenant Al. Zagoriţ street, known formerly as Ghiţă Alexiu street[a 18][c 1][d 15]. It now houses a kindergarten at 58 Mărășești street, at the intersection with Ceahlău street.
  • The fish market, in 1880, under the mandate of mayor Constantin T. Grigorescu. They were demolished to make way for the construction of the Central Halls of Ploiești, the major work of his son Toma T Socolescu[a 5][d 3].
  • The fire station, behind the old town hall, in 1881[a 5][d 3]. It was destroyed following the 1940 earthquake[f 3].
 
The Ploiești School of Arts and Crafts on Văleni street, nr 32, in 2012.
  • The Luca Moise Grand Hotel, together with the adjoining theater hall, completed on October 15, 1885[a 5][d 3]. The hotel was located at the intersection of Mihail Kogălniceanu street, formerly Franceză street and Constantin Dobrogeanu Gherea street, formerly Municipalității street[22]. They will be demolished following the 1977 earthquake, as part of the “Systematization” communist program established for the city in 1968.
  • The hotel Bulevard, in 1896, which was his last work. It was located on Union Square (Piața Unirii), with stores on the first floor and rooms upstairs. After the First World War, it was leased by Prahova's financial administration. Prahova[a 18][d 15]. It has since been demolished.
  • He designed and built the marble base (quarried in Prahova) of the Statue of Liberty, as well as its wrought-iron fence. Inaugurated on June 11, 1881, the bronze statue represents Minerva, Goddess of Wisdom. It is made and cast in France[a 19][d 16]. It has been moved several times over the years.[f 4], it is now located on the Place des Héros, in front of the Saint John the Baptist Cathedral [ro]} (Catedrală Sfântul Ioan Ioan Botezătorul), buolt by his son Toma T. Socolescu. It became an important symbol of the city following the political turbulence of 1870[23], It was long neglected and hidden away by the Communists. Badly deteriorated in the 2000s[f 4], it was finally restored from 2008 to 2012, then moved again in 2012 to its current location[24]. Classified as a historic monument[25].

Houses and shops

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  • The new Dimitrie Sfetescu house [a 20][d 17]. Classified as a historic monument[26], it became the headquarters of the oil company Concordia[27] in the 1930s, then the headquarters of the Ploiești municipal police in the 2000s. It can still be seen at no. 21, boulevardul Independenței[f 5].
  • Gheorghe Dobrescu house[a 20][d 17],a great merchant from Brașov (Transylvania), located at n°23 boulevardul Independenței, and still visible.[f 5].
  • Dimitrie Angelescu house[a 20][d 17]. Destroyed in the early 2000s[f 5]. A house has since been rebuilt, copying its original style[28].
  • Property of Gogălniceanu at the intersection of I. Radovici[29] and Kogălniceanu streets, in 1870, a large merchant's house, with shops on the ground floor and one floor of residential accommodation. The corner of the building reveals a frontispiece decorated with a bas-relief depicting two lions and a bust of Michael the Brave, the Valache prince responsible for the town's strong development, and whose memory is often recalled on old buildings or writings linked to Ploiești[a 4][d 2]. It was demolished following the 1977 Vrancea earthquake[30].
  • He designed and built many of the neoclassical or neo-Italian styles single-storey stores on Lipscani street, the city's historic and emblematic thoroughfare[a 5][d 3], and on other downtown streets, such as Cavafi street[c 1]. These buildings were preserved in their original share until the American bombing raids of 1944. Communist urban redesign in the 1960s, followed by Ceausescu's "Systematization (Romania)", decided their fate. They're all gone, as is the Lipscani street itself. strada Lipscani was an ancient, gently curving street running from the heart of the town to the Palace of Justice. This artery, where most of the town's shops once flourished, disappeared in two stages: the first half, near the Palace of Culture, was demolished between 1968 and 1969, to make way for today's administrative building. The other half was demolished after the 1977 Vrancea earthquake[f 6].
 
Lipscani street, Ploiești, in the 1930s.
  • Toma Rucăreanu house, in 1884[a 20][d 17]. Listed as a historical monument[31], it become Sfetescu house, located at 19, Independenței boulevard. It now houses[21] the Mon Jardin restaurant[f 5].
  • Also around 1888, he built the large Eliade or Eliad building, on the square in front of the Luca Moise Grand Hotel [a 18][d 15]. The building no longer exists.
  • I. Bazar house, located on the former Bucureşti avenue, at the corner of the Ştefan cel Mare street[a 18][d 15], since gone.
  • Naumescu house on the Rudului street[a 18][d 15], destroyed.

The list is not exhaustive[a 21][d 18].

Achievements as Master builder & contractor

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In Prahova county

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Achievements as Master builder & contractor

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In Bucarest

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Achievements as Master builder & contractor

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In other counties

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Achievements as Master builder & contractor

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Legacy

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Bibliography

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Other sources

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Notes and references

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  • (a) Socolescu, Toma T. (1938). "prefaced by Nicolae Iorga". Arhitectura în Ploești, studiu istoric [Architecture in Ploești, historical study] (in Romanian). București: Cartea Românească. 16725.
  1. ^ a b pp. 55-56.
  2. ^ p. 34.
  3. ^ a b p. 106.
  4. ^ a b c pp. 54-55.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g p. 55.
  6. ^ p. 47.
  7. ^ translation of an extract from page 37.
  8. ^ pp. 105-106.
  9. ^ In 1938, Toma T. Socolescu wrote:

    Architect of the town hall, he drew up the first complete plan of the town, with street nomenclature - non-existent until then - as we shall see in the chapter on the history of the town plan "Building and town planning", a plan approved at the town council meeting of January 9, 1882, the mayor then being Constantin. T. Grigorescu

    , p. 56.
  10. ^ pp. 76-78
  11. ^ p. 45.
  12. ^ p 14.
  13. ^ p. 55
  14. ^ pp. 15 and 92.
  15. ^ pp. 10-11, 56.
  16. ^ pp. 55-56.
  17. ^ p. 34.
  18. ^ a b c d e p. 56.
  19. ^ p. 64.
  20. ^ a b c d p. 39.
  21. ^ Toma T. Socolescu writes: "[...] And many other particular houses.", p. 56.
  • (b) Socolescu, Toma T. (2004). Amintiri [Memories] (in Romanian). București: Editura Caligraf Design. ISBN 973-86771-0-6.
  1. ^ a b p. 16.
  2. ^ p. 19.
  3. ^ p. 66.
  4. ^ p. 70.
  5. ^ p. 30.
  6. ^ a b Travel notes reported by his son Toma T., pp. 19 and 20.
  7. ^ Note 8 - p. 15.
  8. ^ a b pp. 8 and 9 - Extract from the ennoblement deed of July 14, 1655.
  9. ^ p. 14 - Toma T. Socolescu writes:

    "My grandfather, Nicolae Gh. Socolescu, also an architect, having finished his studies in Vienna, was a descendant of a family that, through a distant ancestor, had obtained a noble rank, in 1655, from G. Rakoczy. The original document written in calfskin, in Latin, with gold letters and the family emblem in colors, laced and bearing the princely seal in red wax, is in the possession of Major S. Socol, former mayor of the city of Făgăraș, where he lives." (Translated from Romanian)
  10. ^ p. 14 - Toma T. Socolescu writes :

    "N. G. Socolescu (Socol, in Ardeal) came to Muntenia from the Berivoiu Mare [ro] commune, located at the foot of the mountains in the Făgăraș region, and settled in Ploiesti, together with his five other brothers, - around the revolution, around 1846, - namely in Sf. Spiridon outskirts. During my childhood and until later, there was his house in Culea Căleni, a ground-floor house, square-shaped, set back from the street and surrounded by a garden. He married Ioana, born Săndulescu, from the same suburb, and his name appears among the founders in the parish registers; and as was customary at the time, I believe he was also buried there - although the searches I made were unsuccessful - in 1872." (Translated from Romanian)
  • (c) Socolescu, [Toma T. (2004). Fresca arhitecților care au lucrat în România în epoca modernă 1800 - 1925 [Fresco of architects who worked in Romania in the modern era 1800 - 1925.] (in Romanian). București: Editura Caligraf Design. ISBN 973-86771-1-4.
  1. ^ a b c d e f p. 70.
  2. ^ p. 71.
  3. ^ List of all founding members : Alexandru Orăscu, first chairman ; Carol Benesch ; Mihai Capuţineanu ; Gheorghe Duca ; Alexandru Săvulescu ; Ioan N. Socolescu [ro] ; Dumitru Mamairol ; Gheorghe Mandrea ; Ion Mincu; Grigore P. Cerchez [ro] ; Ştefan Ciocârlan; N. P. Cerchez; Toma N. Socolescu; Grigore Călinescu; N. Stavrolea ; Filip Montureanu [ro] ; Filip Xenopol ; Nicolae Gabrielescu [ro]  ; George Sterian [ro] ; I Constantinescu ; P. Petriccu ; R. Nedelescu ; F. Thyr ; C. Stravrolea - p. 50.
  4. ^ translation of an extract from page 177.
  • (d) Sevastos, Mihail (1937). Monografia orașului Ploești [Monograph of the city of Ploești] (in Romanian). București: Cartea Românească.
  1. ^ a b p. 215.
  2. ^ a b c pp. 194-195.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h p. 195.
  4. ^ p. 187.
  5. ^ pp. 138, 196, 607-608.
  6. ^ pp. 214-215.
  7. ^ pp. 196 and 607-608.
  8. ^ p. 185.
  9. ^ p. 154.
  10. ^ pp. 155 and 818.
  11. ^ a b p. 757.
  12. ^ pp. 151, 757-758.
  13. ^ pp. 195-196.
  14. ^ p. 174.
  15. ^ a b c d e p. 196.
  16. ^ pp. 90-91.
  17. ^ a b c d p. 179.
  18. ^ Toma T. Socolescu writes: "[...] And many other particular houses.", p. 196.
  • (e) Petrescu, Gabriela (2024). ARHITECȚII SOCOLESCU 1840-1940, Studiu monografic [Solescu Architects 1840-1940, Monographic Study] (in Romanian). București: Editura Simetria. ISBN 978-973-1872-55-1.
  1. ^ a b p. 37.
  2. ^ p. 28.
  3. ^ pp. 26 and 28.
  4. ^ pp. 28 and 30.
  5. ^ p. 36.
  6. ^ pp. 36-37}}.
  7. ^ a b p. 26.
  8. ^ p. 27.
  9. ^ a b pp. 26-28.
  10. ^ p. 17 - Dimitrie Papazoglu, Istoria fondărei orașului București, București, Curtea Veche, 2005, p. 59.
  11. ^ translation from Romanian of extracts from passages quoted on page 17 - Constantin Stan, Şcoala poporană din Făgăraş şi depe Târnave, Volumul.I, Făgăraşul. Sibiu, Tiparul institutului de arte Grafice “Dacia Traiană”, 1928, p. 150-152.
  12. ^ pp. 30, 31, 33 and 37.
  13. ^ p. 33.
  14. ^ p. 30.
  • (f) Vasile, Lucian (August 2009). "RepublicaPloiesti.net" (in Romanian). Lucian Vasile is an historian, expert and head of office at the Institute for the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism and the Memory of Romanian Exile, President of the Association for Education and Urban Development (AEDU)[32][33], Creator and author of this website dedicated to the town's past and its architecture.
  1. ^ Top 10 clădiri dispărute ale orașului Ploiești (Top 10 missing buildings of Ploiești) page, June 2016 - Top 10 clădiri dispărute ale orașului Ploiești and Tribunalul Vechi (history of the old courthouse) page, Febrary 2010 - Tribunalul Vechi.
  2. ^ a b Palatul Bailor Municipale (The Palace of Municipal Baths) page, April 2010 - {{lang|ro|Palatul Bailor Municipale.
  3. ^ . Cladirile Primariei din Ploiesti (The various Town Hall buildings of Ploiesti) page, August 2009 - Cladirile Primariei din Ploiesti.
  4. ^ a b Statuia Libertatii (The Statue of Liberty) page, July 2010 - Statuia Libertatii.
  5. ^ a b c d O plimbare pe Bulevard (II) (A walk on the boulevard) page, Décember 2010, a stroll along Independance Boulevard which evokes the old houses of Dimitrie Sfetescu, Gheorghe Dobrescu, D. Angelescu and Toma Rucăreanu - O plimbare pe Bulevard (II).
  6. ^ Strada Lipscani (Lipscani street) page, October 2009 - Strada Lipscani.
  • Other notes and references :
  1. ^ (in Romanian) Museum website: Muzeul Judeţean de Artă.
  2. ^ The list includes leading architects and artists of the time: Aman T., Painter ; Alpar I., Painter ; Baicoianu C. [ro], Architect ; Beniş O., Architect ; Căluiescu, Architect ; Ciocîrlan S., Architect ; Carcaleţeanu, Painter ; Constantinescu, Architect ; Gavrilescu, Architect ; Georgescu [ro], Sculptor ; Mincu, Architect ; Mandrea, Architect ; Maimarolu, Architect ; Mirea, Painter ; Orăscu, Architect ; Petriccu, Architect ; Pompilian [ro], Pictor ; Săvulescu, Architect ; Socolescu T., Architect ; Sterian [ro], Architect ; Storck, Sculptor ; Stăncescu, Painter ; Socolescu I [ro], Architect ; Stoicescu, Painter ; Tatărascu, Valbudea [ro], Painter, Sculptor.
  3. ^ Analele Architecturei și ale Artelor cu care se légă, or in English: 'Annals of Architecture and related arts', year I, n°5, May 1890, pp. 97 and 98 - Direct link to issue.
  4. ^ (in Romanian) UAR website, formerly Society of Romanian Architects, history page.
  5. ^ (in Romanian) Analele Architecturei și ale Artelor cu care se légă, year II, issue 3, March 1891, p. 41 - Direct link to the issue.
  6. ^ (in Romanian) History of the Union of Architects of Romania and the special issue published by the UAR to mark SAR's 130th anniversary, on page 2 : 1891-2021 : 130 de ANI de la Constiturea Societații Arhitecților din România.
  7. ^ In November 1890, he is mentioned as a real estate expert in a succession case where an auction is decided by the Court of Prahova - Decision n°15.938 of November 14, 1890, Official Monitor of the Kingdom of Romania, n° 186, edition of November 30, 1890, p. 4323.
  8. ^ (in Romanian) Article Mihai Viteazul, Enciclopedia României - Mihai Viteazul, Origin and familly.
  9. ^ Slavonic inscription on the cross on the tombstone of Răzvadu de Sus: " Died, the servant of God Marula, Master of the Royal Court, Lady of Messire Socol, former Grand Master of the Royal Court, daughter of the late Prince Mihai and Lady Tudora, in the year 1647, during the reign of Prince Ion Matei Basarab in 17 December, around the tenth hour of the night, solar calendar of the 21st year ", according to the Romanian translation done by G.D Florescu in 1944 from an original slavon version: " A răposat roaba lui Dumnezeu Marula clucereasa jupanului Socol fost mare clucer, fiică a răposatului Io Mihai Voevod și a jupînesei Tudora la anul 1647 în zilele lui Ion Matei Basarab voevod în luna decembrie 17 zile spre al zecilea ceas din noapte crugul solar temelia 21 ".
    (in Romanian) Source: G.D. Florescu, Idem, Un sfetnic al lui Matei Basarab, ginerele lui Mihai Viteazul, in Revista istorică română, XI–XII, 1941–1942, pp. 88–89.
  10. ^ The spelling of the town of Ploiești (as that of the Romanian language) has evolved over time: from Ploiesci, it passed to Ploești then Ploiești.
  11. ^ (in Romanian) Contribuţii privind istoria Bulevardului Independenţei], Ploieşti (1914), drd. Istoric Irina Paveleţ - Proiectul Bulevardului. Propuneri
  12. ^ (in Romanian)Cristian Kertsch page, Fundaţia Culturală META - KERTSCH, Christian
  13. ^ translation : St. Friday Church.
  14. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute: Website of classified historical monuments in Romania and list of historical monuments in Prahova - p. 2155, n°322, ref. PH-II-m-B-20992.01.
  15. ^ translation : Church of the Holy Emperors Constantine and Helen.
  16. ^ Popescu, Carmen (2004). Le Style National Roumain - Construire une nation à travers l'architecture (1881-1945) [The Romanian National Style - Building a nation through architecture (1881-1945)] (in French). Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes - Simetria. p. 102. ISBN 2-86847-913-8.
  17. ^ translation: Saint Peter and Paul High School.
  18. ^ (in Romanian) "The library was installed in the Municipal Bath Palace above the Lumina printing works and operated there until 1941. Mr. E. Bezdechi is appointed librarian. Great credit goes to D.D. Dumitrescu-Talex, the typographer, who made the sacrifice of providing space for the library" - Istoric Biblioteca Judeţeană ‘Nicolae Iorga’|.
  19. ^ equivalent to a vocational school.
  20. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute: Website of classified historical monuments in Romania and list of historical monuments in Prahova - p. 2157, n°339, ref. PH-II-m-A-16305.
  21. ^ a b in 2024.
  22. ^ "1977 - Grand Hotel Luca Moise" (in Romanian). Ploiești: Societatea Culturală "ATOM". 1977.
  23. ^ In reference to the attempted overthrow of the royalty in 1870, in the town of Ploiești - Republic of Ploiești.
  24. ^ Cf article Statue of Liberty of Ploiești [ro].
  25. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute: Website of classified historical monuments in Romania and list of historical monuments in Prahova - p. 2211, n°991, ref. PH-III-m-A-16868.
  26. ^ (in Romanian) Institut National du Patrimoine: Website of classified historical monuments in Romania and list of historical monuments in Prahova - p. 2154, n°304, ref. PH-II-m-B-16277.
  27. ^ (in French) History of the company, owned by the Belgian company Petrofina from 1920 to 1940: fr:Petrofina#Historique.
  28. ^ "Fosta casa a avocatului D. Angelescu – foto 1979" (in Romanian). Ploiești: Societatea Culturală "ATOM". 1979.
  29. ^ now Toma Caragiu street.
  30. ^ "strada Toma Caragiu (fostă Liceului/ Dr. Radovici) – foto 1970" (in Romanian). Ploiești: Societatea Culturală "ATOM". 1970.
  31. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute: Website of classified historical monuments in Romania and list of historical monuments in Prahova - p. 2154 - n°303 - ref. PH-II-m-B-16276.
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference DezvoltareUrbana was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference CV Lucian Vasile - IICCMER was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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