Tithorea harmonia, the Harmonia tiger-wing or Harmonia tiger,[2] is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Nymphalidae.

Tithorea harmonia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Tithorea
Species:
T. harmonia
Binomial name
Tithorea harmonia
(Cramer, 1777)[1]
Synonyms
  • Papilio harmonia Cramer, 1777
  • Tithorea harmonia f. moppa Bryk, 1937
  • Tithorea harmonia deltana Fox, 1956
  • Papilio irene Drury, 1782
  • Tithorea umbratilis Bates, 1866
  • Heliconia megara Godart, [1819]
  • Tithorea flavescens Kirby, 1889
  • Tithorea egaensis Butler, 1873
  • Tithorea pseudethra Butler, 1873
  • Tithorea neitha Hopffer, 1874
  • Tithorea neitha Hopffer, 1879
  • Tithorea helicaon Godman & Salvin, [1879]
  • Tithorea hippothous Godman & Salvin, [1879]
  • Tithorea furea var. salvadoris Staudinger, 1885
  • Tithorea tyro Doubleday, 1847
  • Hirsutis pseudonyma mira Neustetter, 1929
  • Tithorea hermias hermina ab. napona Haensch, 1903
  • Tithorea assimilis Haensch, 1905

Description edit

Tithorea harmonia has a wingspan reaching about 70 millimetres (2.8 in). This toxic "tiger" butterfly has the usual pattern of black wings with bright orange bands. The forewings have a black tip. Also the antennae are orange. Larvae feed on Prestonia species.[3]

Distribution edit

This widespread species can be found from Mexico to South America.

Subspecies edit

 
T. h. hermias
 
Tithorea harmonia in Adalbert Seitz

Listed alphabetically:[1]

  • T. h. brunnea Haensch, 1905 (Peru)
  • T. h. caissara (Zikán, 1941) (Brazil)
  • T. h. cuparina Bates, 1862 (Brazil)
  • T. h. dorada Brown, 1977 (Venezuela)
  • T. h. egaensis Butler, 1873 (Brazil)
  • T. h. flacilla Godman & Salvin, 1898 (Colombia)
  • T. h. furia Staudinger, 1884 (Ecuador - Venezuela)
  • T. h. furina Godman & Salvin, 1898 (Colombia)
  • T. h. gilberti Brown, 1977 (Peru)
  • T. h. harmonia (Surinam, Venezuela, French Guiana)
  • T. h. helicaon Godman & Salvin, 1879 (Nicaragua - Panama, Costa Rica)
  • T. h. hermias Godman & Salvin, 1898 (Ecuador, Amazon)
  • T. h. hermina Haensch, 1903 (Ecuador)
  • T. h. hippothous Godman & Salvin, 1879 (Guatemala)
  • T. h. irene (Drury, 1782) (Panama)
  • T. h. lateflava (Haensch, 1909) (Bolivia)
  • T. h. manabiana Fox, 1956 (Ecuador)
  • T. h. martina Fox, 1956 (Peru)
  • T. h. megara (Godart, 1819) (Trinidad)
  • T. h. melanina Haensch, 1905 (Peru)
  • T. h. neitha Hopffer, 1874 (Peru)
  • T. h. pseudethra Butler, 1873 (Brazil)
  • T. h. pseudonyma Staudinger, 1894 (Bolivia)
  • T. h. salvadoris Staudinger, 1885 (El Salvador)
  • T. h. sulphurata (Zikán, 1941) (Brazil)

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Tithorea Doubleday, [1847]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
  2. ^ Harmonia Tiger, Butterflies of the Amazon
  3. ^ Tithorea harmonia, Monteverde Butterflies