Tindi is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in the Russian republic of Dagestan. Tindis have no individual designation for their language, but those living in the village of Idar call their language Idarab mitstsi meaning 'the language of the Idar village'. It is only an oral language; Avar or Russian are used in written communication instead.[2] Tindi vocabulary contains many loanwords from Avar, Turkish, Arabic, and Russian.[3] It has approximately 4,500 speakers.[1]
| Tindi | |
|---|---|
| Идараб мицци Idarab mittsi | |
| Pronunciation | [idarab mitsːi] |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | Southern Dagestan |
Native speakers | 4,500 (2020 census)[1] |
Northeast Caucasian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tin |
| Glottolog | tind1238 |
| ELP | Tindi |
 Tindi | |
 Tindi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Phonology
editVowels
editThere are 20 phonemic vowels in Tindi.[4][5]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Open | a aː |
Nasalized vowels may also exist as /ĩ, ẽ, ã, õ, ũ/ and as long-nasalized /ĩː, ẽː, ãː, õː, ũː/.
Consonants
edit| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal |
Glottal | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | central | palatalized | ||||||||||||||
| lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||||||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kː | kʲ | kːʲ | ||||||||||
| ejective | tʼ | kʼ | kʼʲ | ʔ | |||||||||||||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʲ | |||||||||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡sː | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃː | t͡ɬː | q͡χː | ||||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡sːʼ | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃːʼ | t͡ɬːʼ | q͡χːʼ | |||||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | ɬ | ɬː | ç | χ | χː | ħ | h | |||||
| voiced | z | ʒ | ʁ | ʕ | |||||||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ a b Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
- ^ Tindi language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-136-14266-6.
- ^ "Грамматика тиндинского языка | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
- ^ "Тиндинский язык | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
- Magomedbekova, Z. M. (2001). "Tindinskij Jazyk". Yazyki mira: Kavkazskie Yazyki. Moskva: Academia. pp. 283–291.
External links
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