This is a timeline of the Lý dynasty, which ruled Đại Cồ Việt (1009–1054), and then the renamed Đại Việt (1054–1226).
11th century edit
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1009 | Lê Long Đĩnh dies from hemorrhoids; military leader Lý Công Uẩn replaces the house of Lê and establishes the House of Lý ruling over Đại Cồ Việt[1] | |
| 1010 | Lý Công Uẩn moves the capital from Hoa Lư to Đại La, which is renamed Thang Long[2] | |
| 1011 | Lý Công Uẩn raises an army and attacks rebels in present day Thanh Hóa[2] | |
| 1013 | Lý Công Uẩn publishes a document on taxing ponds, fields, and mulberry trees[2] | |
| Soldiers are sent into the northern mountains to combat the influence of the Dali Kingdom[3] | ||
| 1016 | Lý Công Uẩn places local cults under court patronage;[4] a three year break on land rent is declared after a good harvest[3] | |
| 1020 | Lý Phật Mã follows a general into battle against the Chams, defeating them[5] | |
| 1024 | A temple is built for Lý Công Uẩn to use for studying Buddhist scriptures, after which he withdraws from public affairs[5] | |
| 1025 | Lý Công Uẩn's mentor, Vạn Hạnh, dies[5] | |
| 1028 | Lý Công Uẩn dies and is succeeded by his eldest son, Lý Thái Tông (Lý Phật Mã), who defeats an assault on him by his three brothers Duke of Đông Chinh(Đông Chinh vương), Duke of Dực Thánh(Dực Thánh vương) and Duke of Vũ Đức(Vũ Đức vương)[5] | |
| 1039 | Lý Thái Tông attacks Nùng Tồn Phúc, a leader of the Tai-speaking Nùng people who declared independence from Đại Cồ Việt on the border of the Song dynasty[6] | |
| 1041 | Nùng Tồn Phúc's son Nùng Trí Cao tries to rebel but is captured and spared by Lý Thái Tông[7] | |
| 1044 | Đại Cồ Việt invades Champa and kills its king, Jaya Sinhavarman II near present day Da Nang[7] | |
| 1048 | Nùng Trí Cao rebels in Cao Bằng Province[8] | |
| 1051 | Nùng Trí Cao is driven out of Cao Bằng Province and into Song dynasty territory where he is killed two years later[8] | |
| 1054 | Lý Thái Tông hands over government to his son, Lý Thánh Tông (Lý Nhật Tôn), and dies a few weeks later; Đại Cồ Việt is renamed Đại Việt[9] | |
| 1055 | Local Song dynasty officials led by Xiao Zhu secretly train military units and shelter refugees from Đại Việt[10] | |
| 1059 | Đại Việt raids the Song dynasty border in present day Qinzhou[11] | |
| 1063 | Lý Thánh Tông travels to Luy Lâu, where he finds the concubine, Ỷ Lan, who would provide him his first male heir[12] | |
| 1069 | Đại Việt invades Champa and captures King Rudravarman III, who is released in exchange for what is now Quảng Bình Province[10] | |
| 1072 | Lý Thánh Tông dies and his son, Lý Nhân Tông (Lý Càn Đức), succeeds the throne; his mother Ỷ Lan becomes regent with the help of her son and co-rule Đại Việt with chancellor Lý Đạo Thành [13] | |
| Imperial examinations are established in Đại Việt[14] | ||
| 1075 | Lý–Song War: Lý Thường Kiệt and Nùng Tông Đán of the Lý dynasty that ruled Đại Việt invade the Song dynasty, capturing Qinzhou, Lianzhou, and destroying Yongzhou before retreating[15][16] | |
| 1076 | autumn | Lý–Song War: Guo Kui of the Song dynasty invades Đại Việt (Lý dynasty) and pushes to the Cầu River, where the war reaches a stalemate[17] |
| 1077 | Lý–Song War: Đại Việt (Lý dynasty) becomes a Song tributary in return for the withdraw of Song troops[15][18] | |
| 1079 | Lý–Song War: Song dynasty gives up claims to Cao Bằng and Lạng Sơn in return for Song captives[18] | |
| 1085 | Lý Nhân Tông reaches the age of 19 and announces a new reign title; Lê Văn Thịnh is appointed chancellor[14] | |
| 1088 | Song and the Lý of Đại Việt finalize their border agreement, which with minor changes throughout the centuries, is basically the same as the modern China–Vietnam border[19] | |
| 1096 | Lê Văn Thịnh is found guilty of attempting to murder Lý Nhân Tông and banished to the mountains[20] |
12th century edit
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1103 | Lý Thường Kiệt defeats a rebellion by Ly Giac, who flees to Champa and enlists the aid of Jaya Indravarman II to seize border districts and raid Đại Việt[21] | |
| 1104 | Lý Thường Kiệt defeats Champa's forces several time before dying in the following year[21] | |
| 1119 | Lý Nhân Tông personally leads the army in quelling mountain bandits[22] | |
| 1125 | The eunuch general, Le Ba Ngoc, defeats Nung rebels in Cao Bằng Province[22] | |
| 1128 | Lý Nhân Tông dies and is succeeded by his grandson, Lý Thần Tông (Lý Dương Hoán)[22] | |
| Khmer Empire and Champa attack Đại Việt[23] | ||
| 1133 | Khmer Empire and Champa attack Đại Việt[23] | |
| 1135 | Khmer Empire and Champa attack Đại Việt[23] | |
| 1137 | Khmer Empire and Champa attack Đại Việt[23] | |
| 1138 | Lý Thần Tông dies and is succeeded by his two-year-old son, Lý Anh Tông (Lý Thiên Tộ); Đỗ Anh Vũ becomes regent[24] | |
| 1139 | Thân Lợi, a supposed son of Lý Nhân Tông, rises in rebellion in Thái Nguyên Province but is defeated and executed[25] | |
| 1141 | Four laws are proclaimed specifying the differences between a mortgage and a bill of sale[26] | |
| 1144 | A Chinese adventurer crosses over into Đại Việt claiming to be a governor of Annam is defeated and captured by Song border guards[27] | |
| A law is published specifying punishments for those who rely upon family connections in dispute over real estate[27] | ||
| 1145 | An edict restricting recruitment of the palace guard to powerful families is passed[27] | |
| 1149 | Đỗ Anh Vũ is temporarily exiled before his guards kill the conspirators[28] | |
| Trade connections with Java and the Khmer Empire are established[27] | ||
| 1159 | An envoy returning from the Song dynasty convinces Lý Anh Tông to copy the Song practice of allowing anonymous suggestions in a suggestion box, but the envoy is exiled and forced to commit suicide due to a message saying that Đỗ Anh Vũ is conspiring to kill Lý Anh Tôn; Đỗ Anh Vũ dies a few months later and his position is passed to Tô Hiến Thành[28] | |
| 1175 | Lý Anh Tông dies and is succeeded by his sixth son Lý Cao Tông (Lý Long Trát)[29] | |
| 1179 | Tô Hiến Thành dies[30] | |
| 1181 | A famine kills half the population[30] | |
| 1190 | Đàm Dĩ Mông becomes the leading figure at court[31] | |
| 1198 | Đàm Dĩ Mông starts a purge of Buddhist monks[32] | |
| A rebellion in Nghệ An Province is put down[32] | ||
| 1199 | Floods and famine spread over the land[32] |
13th century edit
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1200 | The court distributes food to alleviate starvation[32] | |
| 1202 | An overseer of monks describes the kingdom as in distress and collapsing[32] | |
| 1203 | Lý Cao Tông starts the construction of ten palaces[32] | |
| A prince of Champa, Vidyanandana, raids Nghệ An Province[33] | ||
| A rebellion breaks out in Hoa Lư[33] | ||
| 1207 | Two more rebellions break out, one based in Sơn Tây, and one in Hải Dương[33] | |
| 1208 | Phạm Bỉnh Di attacks the allies of Phạm Du[34] | |
| 1209 | Phạm Du takes Lý Cao Tông and flees to take refuge with Trần Lý[34] | |
| 1210 | Lý Huệ Tông (Lý Sảm) is enthroned by Đàm Dĩ Mông and marries Trần Lý's daughter; Phạm Du is killed by Trần Lý; Trần Lý is killed by bandits; Lý Cao Tông dies of sickness[35] | |
| 1212 | Lý Huệ Tông considers retiring to a monastery due to court infighting[36] | |
| 1213 | Royal army attacks Trần Tự Khánh, the son of Trần Lý, but is defeated[36] | |
| 1214 | Trần Tự Khánh attacks Thăng Long, causing Lý Huệ Tông to flee to Lạng Sơn under the protection of Nguyễn Nộn[36] | |
| 1216 | Lý Huệ Tông defects to Trần Tự Khánh to avoid his mother's homicidal tendencies[37] | |
| 1223 | Trần Tự Khánh dies and is succeeded by his brother Trần Thủ Độ[38] | |
| 1224 | Trần Thủ Độ forces Lý Huệ Tông to abdicate for his daughter Lý Chiêu Hoàng[38] | |
| 1225 | Lý Chiêu Hoàng marries Trần Thái Tông with him as king, ending the Lý dynasty[38] |
References edit
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 60.
- ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 62.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 63.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 61.
- ^ a b c d Taylor 2013, p. 64.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 67.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 70.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 71.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 71-73.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 75.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 76.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 74.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 77.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 86.
- ^ a b Twitchett 2009, p. 468.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 81.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 82.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 84.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 85.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 88.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 89.
- ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 92.
- ^ a b c d Taylor 2013, p. 93.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 94.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 94-95.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 95.
- ^ a b c d Taylor 2013, p. 96.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 97.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 98.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 99.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 100.
- ^ a b c d e f Taylor 2013, p. 101.
- ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 102.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 103.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 104.
- ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 105.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 106.
- ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 109.
Bibliography edit
- Juzheng, Xue (1995), Old History of the Five Dynasties, Zhonghua Book Company, ISBN 7101003214
- Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
- Taylor, Jay (1983), The Birth of the Vietnamese, University of California Press
- Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
- Twitchett, Denis C. (1979), The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 3, Sui and T'ang China, 589–906, Cambridge University Press
- Twitchett, Denis (1994), "The Liao", The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 43–153, ISBN 0521243319
- Twitchett, Denis (2009), The Cambridge History of China Volume 5 The Sung dynasty and its Predecessors, 907-1279, Cambridge University Press*Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012), East Asia: A New History, AuthorHouse
- Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 978-0810860537