Timeline of Windhoek

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Windhoek, Namibia.

Prior to 20th century edit

1840s - Nama Orlam chief Jonker Afrikaner names settlement "Winterhoek"^[1]
1880 - Nama-Herero conflict; settlement sacked.^[2]
1890 - German military fort construction begins.^[3]
1892 - Windhoek designated administrative seat of colonial German South West Africa.^[4]
1898 - German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger newspaper begins publication.

20th century edit

1900s edit

1901 - Public library founded.^[5]
1902 - Railway to coast begins operating.^[1]
1907 - Landesmuseum founded.^[6]
1909
- Turnhalle built.
- Gustav Voigts [de] becomes mayor.^{[chronology citation needed]}

1910s edit

1910
- Church of Peace built.^[2]
- Luisen Apotheke (pharmacy) in business.^[7]
1912
- Windhoek Railway Station opens.
- Reiterdenkmal erected (monument to Germans in the Herero and Namaqua Wars).^[2]
1913 - Tintenpalast (colonial government building) constructed.^[2]
1915 - 12 May: Town occupied by South African military during the First World War.^[3]
1916 - German-language Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.^[8]

1920s edit

1920
- Population: 716.^[1]^[9]
- Winterhoek renamed to Windhoek.^[10]
1924 - Windhoek Synagogue built.
1926 - Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Windhoek active.^[11]
1927 - Die Suidwes-Afrikaner newspaper begins publication.
1928 - Kaiser Street paved.^[7]
1929 - Windhoek–Gobabis Railway [de]begins operating.

1930s edit

1932 - Tintenpalast Gardens laid out.
1937 - Bantu Welfare Hall built.^[12]

1940s edit

1946 - Population: 14,929.^[13]

1950s edit

1951 - Population: 20,490.^[13]
1958 - Library/museum/archives building constructed.^[5]
1959 - 10 December: Ethnic unrest.^[12]

1960s edit

1960 - Population: 36,049.^[14]
1961 - Katutura township created.
1964 - Black Africa S.C. (football club) formed.
1965 - J. G. Strydom Airport opens.
1968 - Racially segregated Main Location closes.^[12]

1970s edit

1971 - Namibian general contract workers strike occurs, starting from Windhoek.^[15]
1975
- September: Turnhalle Constitutional Conference begins in Windhoek.
- Delta Secondary School Windhoek established.
1977 - Republikein newspaper begins publication.^[8]

1980s edit

1981 - Population 96,057^[16]

1990s edit

1990
- 21 March: Namibian Independence Day celebrated at Windhoek stadium.
- Kaiser Street renamed "Independence Avenue" (approximate date).^[17]
- Wernhil Park Mall in business.
- Sanlam Centre built.^[18]
- National Art Gallery of Namibia and Embassy of Germany established.
1991 - Population: 147,056.^[19]
1992
- University of Namibia established.
- New Era newspaper begins publication.
- Media Institute of Southern Africa headquartered in Windhoek.^[20]
1994
- Polytechnic of Namibia founded.
- National Library of Namibia headquartered in Windhoek.
1995
- May: Miss Universe 1995 beauty pageant held in city.
- Quba-Mosque (Windhoek) [de] built.
- Windhoek Country Club Resort in business.
- National Ministry of Prisons & Correctional Services headquartered in city.^[21][1]

21st century edit

2000s edit

2000
- Matheus Shikongo becomes mayor.
- National Art Gallery of Namibia established.
2001 - Population: 233,529.^[22]
2002 - Heroes' Acre (Namibia) memorial unveiled near city.
2005
- Renaming of Windhoek (as "Otjomuise") proposed.^[17]
- Sam Nujoma Stadium opens.
2006 - City police department established.^[23]
2007
- Namibian Sun newspaper begins publication.
- Windhoek Gymnasium Private School established.
2008 - January: Airplane crash occurs at Eros Airport.

2010s edit

2010 - Old Mutual Namibia building constructed.^[18]
2011
- Hilltop Estate [de] construction begins in Kleine Kuppe.
- Population: 325,858.^[22]
2014
- The Grove Mall of Namibia [de] opens.
- Muesee Kazapua becomes mayor.

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c Desch-Obi 2003.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cybriwsky 2013.
^ ^a ^b "History of Windhoek". Windhoekcc.org.na. City of Windhoek. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
^ "Namibia". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 0203409957.
^ ^a ^b Schlettwein 1975.
^ "About Us". National Museum of Namibia. Windhoek. Archived from the original on 27 December 2005.
^ ^a ^b "Interesting Facts About Windhoek". Windhoekcc.org.na. City of Windhoek. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Namibia: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896.
^ "British Empire: Union of South Africa: Protectorate of South-West Africa". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 239+ – via Internet Archive. Windhuk
^ "Why the Name: Windhoek?". 2018-05-23.
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Namibia". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Melber 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. pp. 171–184. South West Africa
^ "Republic of South Africa: South West Africa", Statesman's Yearbook, London: Macmillan & Co., 1963. via Google Books
^ Rogers, Barbara (1972). "Namibia's General Strike". Africa Today. 19 (2): 3–8. ISSN 0001-9887. JSTOR 4185227.
^ "Namibia: Regions, Cities & Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".
^ ^a ^b Petrus Angula Mbenzi (2009), Management of Place Names in the Post-Colonial Period in Namibia (PDF), United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Working Papers
^ ^a ^b "Namibia: Windhoek". Emporis.com. Hamburg: Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Victor Tonchi; et al. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Namibia (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5398-0.
^ "Namibia". World Prison Brief. Birkbeck, University of London. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Urban population by Census years (2001 and 2011)", Namibia 2011: Population and Housing Census Main Report, Windhoek: Namibia Statistics Agency
^ Mayoral Report 2016.

This article incorporates information from the Afrikaans Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography edit

Published in the 20th century edit

"Windhuk". Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon (in German). 1920 – via Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt.
Carl Schlettwein [in German]; Lisa Gebhardt (1975). "Libraries and Archives in South West Africa". Communications from the Basel Africa Bibliography [de]. 13. ISSN 0170-5091. Windhoek. via Google Books
D. Simon (1983). "Evolution of Windhoek 1890–1980". In C. Saunders (ed.). Perspectives on Namibia: Past and present. University of Cape Town.
David Simon (1991). "Windhoek". In Anthony Lemon (ed.). Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33321-0.
Sylvy Jaglin (1997). "La commercialisation du service d'eau potable à Windhoek (Namibie): inégalités urbaines et logiques marchandes" (PDF). Flux: Cahiers scientifiques internationaux Réseaux et territoires (in French). 13 (30): 16–29. doi:10.3406/flux.1997.1212. ISSN 1958-9557 – via Persee.fr.
Fatima Friedman (2000), Deconstructing Windhoek: The Urban Morphology of a Post-Apartheid City, Bartlett Development Planning Unit Working Papers, University College London, OCLC 50087639

Published in the 21st century edit

J.B. Gewald (2002). "Diluting drinks and deepening discontent: colonial liquor controls and public resistance in Windhoek, Namibia". In D.F. Bryceson (ed.). Alcohol in Africa: mixing business, pleasure, and politics. Heinemann. hdl:1887/4835.
M. Wallace (2002), Health, Power and Politics in Windhoek, Namibia, 1915–1945, Basel{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
T.J. Desch-Obi (2003). "Windhoek, Namibia". In Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh (eds.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
Christophe Sohn (2004). "A la recherche des frontières dans la ville post-apartheid. Le cas de Windhoek, capitale de la Namibie" [In search of boundaries in the post-apartheid city: the case of Windhoek, capital city of Namibia]. Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français (in French). 81. doi:10.3406/bagf.2004.2413 – via Persee.fr.
Otto S. Kamwi (2005). An evaluation of the implementation of affirmative action in Windhoek municipality (MPA). University of Namibia – via UNAM Scholarly Repository.
Fatima Müeller-Friedman (2006). "Beyond the Post-Apartheid City: De/Segregation and Suburbanization in Windhoek, Namibia". African Geographical Review. 25 (1): 33. Bibcode:2006AfrGR..25...33M. doi:10.1080/19376812.2006.9756192. S2CID 145722008.
Bruce Frayne (2007). "Migration and the Changing Social Economy of Windhoek, Namibia". Development Southern Africa. 24.
J. B. Gewald (2009). "From the Old Location to Bishops Hill: The Politics of Urban Planning and Landscape History in Windhoek, Namibia". In M. Bollig and O. Bubenzer (ed.). African Landscapes: Interdisciplinary Approaches. Springer. ISBN 978-0387786810.
Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Windhoek". Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 337+. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9.
Henning Melber (2016). "Revisiting the Windhoek Old Location". BAB Working Papers (3). Basler Afrika Bibliographien. ISSN 1422-8769.
"Mayoral Annual Report 2016". Windhoekcc.org.na. City of Windhoek.

External links edit

"(Windhoek)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
"(Windhoek)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
"(Windhoek)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
"(Windhoek)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
"(Windhoek)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
"Windhoek, Namibia". BlackPast.org. US. 6 February 2014.

[FOOTNOTEDesch-Obi2003-1] Desch-Obi 2003.

[FOOTNOTECybriwsky2013-2] Cybriwsky 2013.

[CityHistory-3] "History of Windhoek". Windhoekcc.org.na. City of Windhoek. Retrieved 30 July 2017.

[Europa2001-4] "Namibia". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 0203409957.

[FOOTNOTESchlettwein1975-5] Schlettwein 1975.

[6] "About Us". National Museum of Namibia. Windhoek. Archived from the original on 27 December 2005.

[Facts-7] "Interesting Facts About Windhoek". Windhoekcc.org.na. City of Windhoek. Retrieved 30 July 2017.

[Europa2003-8] "Namibia: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896.

[Statesman1921-9] "British Empire: Union of South Africa: Protectorate of South-West Africa". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 239+ – via Internet Archive. Windhuk

[afrolegends-10] "Why the Name: Windhoek?". 2018-05-23.

[11] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Namibia". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 29 July 2017.

[FOOTNOTEMelber2016-12] Melber 2016.

[UN1955-13] "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. pp. 171–184. South West Africa

[14] "Republic of South Africa: South West Africa", Statesman's Yearbook, London: Macmillan & Co., 1963. via Google Books

[general-15] Rogers, Barbara (1972). "Namibia's General Strike". Africa Today. 19 (2): 3–8. ISSN 0001-9887. JSTOR 4185227.

[16] "Namibia: Regions, Cities & Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".

[Mbenzi2009-17] Petrus Angula Mbenzi (2009), Management of Place Names in the Post-Colonial Period in Namibia (PDF), United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Working Papers

[Emporis-18] "Namibia: Windhoek". Emporis.com. Hamburg: Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.

[19] United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Tonchi2012-20] Victor Tonchi; et al. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Namibia (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5398-0.

[21] "Namibia". World Prison Brief. Birkbeck, University of London. Retrieved 30 July 2017.

[Census2011-22] "Urban population by Census years (2001 and 2011)", Namibia 2011: Population and Housing Census Main Report, Windhoek: Namibia Statistics Agency

[FOOTNOTEMayoral_Report2016-23] Mayoral Report 2016.

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Timeline of Windhoek

Contents

Prior to 20th century edit

20th century edit

1900s edit

1910s edit

1920s edit

1930s edit

1940s edit

1950s edit

1960s edit

1970s edit

1980s edit

1990s edit

21st century edit

2000s edit

2010s edit

See also edit

References edit

Bibliography edit

Published in the 20th century edit

Published in the 21st century edit

External links edit