The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Stuttgart, Germany.
Prior to 14th century edit
14th-18th century edit
- 1321 - City status granted.
- 1392 - Eberhard II, Count of Württemberg (1315–1392) dies in Stuttgart.
- 1486 - Printing press in operation.[1]
- 1493 - Spitalkirche built.[2]
- 1495 - Stuttgart becomes capital of Wurttemberg.
- 1570 - Old Palace built.[2]
- 1626 - Hoppenlaufriedhof (cemetery) in use.
- 1686 - Gymnasium illustre (school) established.
- 1769 - Castle Solitude built outside city.
- 1775 - Karlsschule relocates to Stuttgart.
- 1795 - Population: 19,510.[3][4]
19th century edit
- 1803 - City becomes capital of the Electorate of Württemberg.[citation needed]
- 1807
- New Palace built.[4]
- Schlossplatz opens.[4]
- 1808 - Schloss-Garten laid out in Neckar-Strasse.[5]
- 1810 - Royal Library founded by Frederick I of Württemberg.[citation needed]
- 1811 - Stuttgart Cathedral rebuilding completed.
- 1820 - Willibald Feuerlein becomes mayor.
- 1824 - Stuttgarter Liederkranz (singing society) founded.
- 1826 - Natural history museum opens.[6]
- 1827 - Katharinenhospital Stuttgart built.
- 1829 - University of Stuttgart founded.
- 1830 - Rosenstein Palace completed.
- 1832 - Winterschule für Bauhandwerker (trade school) founded.[7]
- 1833 - Georg Gottlob von Gutbrod becomes mayor.
- 1839 - Schiller memorial erected in Schillerplatz.
- 1840 - Wilhelm Palais built.
- 1841
- Schlossplatz column erected.[4]
- Hospitalkirche restored.[4]
- Population: 42,217.[3]
- 1842 - Olgahospital founded.
- 1843 - Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (art museum) opens.
- 1846
- Railway station opens.
- Wilhelma garden established.[8]
- 1848 - Stuttgart-Heilbronn railway begins operating.
- 1849 - Rump parliament held.[4]
- 1857
- Stuttgart Music School founded.
- Hotel Marquardt in business.[9]
- Ploucquet's Museum opens.[10]
- 1860
- Königsbau constructed on the Schlossplatz.[11]
- Population: 61,314.[3]
- 1861 - Stuttgart Synagogue built.[5]
- 1862 - Heinrich von Sick becomes mayor.
- 1864 - Kultur- und Kongresszentrum Liederhalle (concert hall) built.
- 1865 - Polytechnic School built in Stadtgarten-Platz.[5]
- 1869 - Württemberg State Museum founded.
- 1870 - Architectural school built.[5]
- 1871
- City becomes part of the German Empire.
- Tiergarten Nill zoo in business.[12][13]
- 1872
- Black Forest Railway (Württemberg) in operation.
- Theophil Friedrich von Hack becomes mayor.
- Stuttgarter Hofbräu brewery in business.
- 1873 - Pragfriedhof (cemetery) established.[citation needed]
- 1875
- 1876 - Johanneskirche built.
- 1880
- 1881 - Breuninger retailer in business.
- Gewerbehalle built in Kriegsberg-Strasse.[5]
- 1888 - Dinkelacker brewery in business.
- 1889 - Stuttgart Swimming Baths built.[5]
- 1890 - Population: 139,817.[3]
- 1892 - Socialist women's newspaper Die Gleichheit in publication in Stuttgart.[15]
- 1893 - Emil von Rümelin becomes mayor.
- 1894 - Hotel Victoria (Stuttgart) in business.
- 1895 - Kriegsberg Tower, Landesgewerbe-Museum (industrial museum), and Königin-Olga-Bau[5] constructed.
- 1899 - Heinrich von Gauss becomes mayor.
- 1900
- German Peace Society headquartered in city.[16]
- Friedrichsbau theatre opens.[citation needed]
- Stuttgarter Hymnus-Chorknaben (boys' choir) founded.
- Population: 176,699.[17]
20th century edit
1900s-1945 edit
- 1901 - City public library established.[citation needed]
- 1903 - Solituderennen motorsport events begin.
- 1905
- Cannstatt and Untertürkheim become part of city.
- Population:249,443.[4]
- 1907 - International Socialist Congress held in Stuttgart.
- 1908
- Degerloch becomes part of city.
- Cavalry barracks built.
- 1910
- Markthalle Stuttgart built.
- Population: 286,218.[18]
- 1911
- Linden Museum established.
- Karl Lautenschlager becomes mayor.
- 1912
- Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart (football club) formed.
- Königliche Hoftheater and Stuttgart-Degerloch water tower built.
- 1913 - Waldfriedhof Stuttgart (cemetery) established.[citation needed]
- 1915 - Böblingen Airport begins operating.
- 1916 - Stuttgart Open tennis tournament begins.
- 1918
- City becomes capital of Free People's State of Württemberg.
- Schlossplatz opens to the public.
- 1919 - Population: 309,197.[19]
- 1922
- Botnang becomes part of city.
- Stuttgart Central Station rebuilt.
- Stuttgart Observatory active.
- 1924 - Stuttgarter Philharmoniker (orchestra) formed.[20]
- 1927
- Weissenhof Estate built.
- Flandern military training ground active.
- 1928 - Tagblatt-Turm and Schocken Department Store built.
- 1931
- Rotenberg and Zuffenhausen become part of city.
- Ferdinand Porsche in business.[21]
- 1933
- Feuerbach and Weilimdorf become part of city.
- Karl Strölin becomes mayor.
- Adolf-Hitler-Kampfbahn (stadium) built.
- 1935 - Max-Eyth-See (artificial lake) created.
- 1937 - Kurmärker Kaserne (military barracks) built.
- 1938
- Helenen Kaserne (military barracks) established.
- Coat of arms of Stuttgart redesign adopted.
- 1939
- Stuttgart Airport built.
- Horticultural exhibition held in Killesbergpark.
- Deportation of Jews begins.
- 1940
- Robert-Bosch-Hospital opens.
- August 25: Aerial bombing by Allied forces begins.
- 1942
- Plieningen and Stammheim (Stuttgart) become part of city.
- November 22: Aerial bombing.
- 1943
- March 11: Aerial bombing.
- April 15: Aerial bombing.
- September 6: Aerial bombing.
- October 8: Aerial bombing.
- November 26: Aerial bombing.
- 1944
- February 21: Aerial bombing.
- March 2: Aerial bombing.
- March 15: Aerial bombing.
- July: Aerial bombing.
- September: Aerial bombing.
- October 19: Aerial bombing.
- November 5: Aerial bombing.
- December 9: Aerial bombing.
- 1945
- January 28: Aerial bombing.
- April 21: Allied ground forces take city; military occupation begins.
- December 5: United States Army occupies Kelley Barracks.
- Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra and Volkstheater founded.
- Arnulf Klett becomes mayor.
1946-1990s edit
- 1946 - Südfunk-Chor Stuttgart (choir) formed.
- 1947 - Alte Staatsgalerie rebuilt.
- 1948 - Bölkow aircraft manufactory in business.
- 1952 - City becomes part of newly formed state of Baden-Württemberg.
- 1953 - Landesarboretum Baden-Württemberg established.
- 1954
- Bodensee-Wasserversorgung (water supply organization) founded.[22]
- State Museum of Natural History exhibits open in Rosenstein Castle.[6]
- 1956 - Fernsehturm Stuttgart commissioned.
- 1957 - Birkenkopf enlarged.
- 1961 - City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).[23]
- 1964
- Stammheim Prison commissioned.
- New Palace reconstructed.
- 1965
- Wilhelm Palais reconstructed.
- Railway Vehicle Preservation Company founded.
- 1966 - Funkturm Stuttgart and Versatel building constructed.
- 1967 - United States European Command headquarters relocates to Stuttgart.
- 1969 - Old Castle renovated.
- 1970 - Württembergische Landesbibliothek (state library) building opens.
- 1971 - Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group in business.[24]
- 1972 - Hannibal housing development and Fernmeldeturm constructed.
- 1973 - Stuttgart (region) (Regierungsbezirk) established.[citation needed]
- 1974 - Manfred Rommel becomes mayor.
- 1975
- Trial of Red Army Faction members held in Stammheim Prison.
- Stuttgart-Möhringen directional radio tower built.
- 1976
- Porsche Museum opens.
- Kickers-Stadium renovated.
- 1978
- Stuttgart S-Bahn begins operating.
- Künstlerhaus Stuttgart founded.[25]
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart active.[26]
- 1981 - Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart founded.
- 1982 - Trickfilmfestival Stuttgart begins.
- 1983 - Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle built.
- 1984
- Neue Staatsgalerie (art museum) opens.
- Theaterhaus Stuttgart founded.
- 1987 - Sparkassen Cup track and field competition begins.
- 1988
- Schwanenbrau Cup cycling race begins.
- May: 1988 European Cup Final held.
- 1994 - Stuttgart Region (metropolitan area)[citation needed] and Regionalversammlung des Verbands Region Stuttgart (regional governance entity) established.
- 1997 - Wolfgang Schuster becomes mayor.
- 2000 - Observation tower built in Killesbergpark.
21st century edit
- 2005 - Kunstmuseum Stuttgart opens.
- 2006 - Mercedes-Benz Museum opens.
- 2007
- Messe Stuttgart (exhibition centre) built.
- United States Africa Command headquartered in Stuttgart.
- 2011
- May: Trial of Rwandan military leader Ignace Murwanashyaka begins at the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart.
- Population: 613,392.
- 2013 - Fritz Kuhn becomes mayor.[27]
See also edit
Other cities in the state of Baden-Württemberg:(de)
References edit
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ a b "Stuttgart", Southern Germany and Austria (2nd ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1871, OCLC 4090237
- ^ a b c d e Brockhaus 1896.
- ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Stuttgart", Southern Germany, including Wurtemberg and Bavaria (8th ed.), Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1895
- ^ a b "Von der herzoglich-württembergischen Kunstkammer zum Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart" (in German). Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- ^ "Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart" (in German). Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- ^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Bogen 2012.
- ^ J.W. v. Muller (1858). "Das zoologische Museum von Ploucquet, Präparator am k. Naturalienkabinet in Stuttgart". Journal für Ornithologie (in German). 6: 74–75. doi:10.1007/bf02018759. S2CID 43324182.
- ^ W. Pembroke Fetridge (1881), "Stuttgart", Harper's Hand-book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ^ a b Lynn K. Nyhart (2009), Modern nature: the rise of the biological perspective in Germany, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226610894, OL 16943386M, 0226610896
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ "History of Wilhelma". Wilhelma, der zoologisch-botanische Garten Stuttgart. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- ^ Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ^ Roger Philip Chickering (1969). "Peace Movement and the Religious Community in Germany, 1900-1914". Church History. 38 (3): 300–311. doi:10.2307/3163154. JSTOR 3163154. S2CID 162278135.
- ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1904. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368424.
- ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1915. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368358.
- ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ "History". Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- ^ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Mary H. Munroe (2004). "Holtzbrinck Timeline". The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20 – via Northern Illinois University.
- ^ "Germany". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ "Fritz Kuhn ... darf ab Montag Stuttgart regieren". Rheinische Post (in German). January 5, 2013.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
in English edit
- "Stuttgart", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, &c (9th ed.), Berlin: J.H. Herz, 1908, OCLC 36795367
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 1054–1055.
- Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Stuttgart", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- "Stuttgart", Southern Germany (Wurtemberg and Bavaria) (12th ed.), Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 2011248
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Stuttgart". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
in German edit
- Wilhelm Heinrich Theodor Plieninger (1834). Beschreibung von Stuttgart (in German). Stuttgart: Hoffmann.
- August Zoller (1841). Stuttgart und seine Umgebungen (in German). Stuttgart: F.H. Kohler.
- Julius Hartmann (1886). Chronik der Stadt Stuttgart (in German). Stuttgart: Greiner & Pfeiffer.
- "Stuttgart". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064528.
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Stuttgart". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Stuttgart [Chronicles of the German Cities]. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 33–36. Leipzig: S. Hirzel. 1928–1931.
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Stuttgart". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1877+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
- Uwe Bogen; Thomas Wagner (2012). Stuttgart: Eine Stadt verändert ihr Gesicht (in German). Sutton Verlag.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Stuttgart.
- "Stuttgarter Stadtgeschichte im Überblick" [Stuttgart city history at a glance]. Stadtgeschichte (city history) (in German). Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Stuttgart via Wikisource