The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Smolensk, Russia.
Prior to 20th century edit
Historical affiliations
Kievan Rus' 882–1054
Principality of Smolensk 1054–1387
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1387–1514
Grand Duchy of Moscow 1514–1547
Tsardom of Russia 1547–1618
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1618–1667
Russian Empire 1721–1917
Belarusian People's Republic 1918–1919
Soviet Russia 1919–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1941
Nazi Germany 1941–1943
- 1137 - Russian Orthodox Diocese of Smolensk established.[citation needed]
- 1150 - Assumption Cathedral consecrated.
- 1408 - Smolensk becomes part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[1]
- 1508 - Smolensk becomes capital of the Smolensk Voivodeship.
- 1514 - 1 August: Siege of Smolensk (1514); Moscow in power.[2]
- 1602 - Smolensk Kremlin built.
- 1609 - Siege of Smolensk (1609–11) by Polish forces begins near city.[2]
- 1611 - Siege of Smolensk (1609–11) ends; Poles in power.[2][1]
- 1613 - Siege of Smolensk (1613–17) begins.
- 1631 - Władysław IV Vasa-funded Royal Bastion (citadel) completed.
- 1632 - October: Siege of Smolensk (1632–33) begins.[3]
- 1636 - Polish Roman Catholic Diocese of Smolensk established.[4]
- 1654 - Siege of Smolensk (1654) and Russians retook power.[1]
- 1667 - Smolensk becomes part of Russia per Truce of Andrusovo.[3]
- 1674 - Assumption Cathedral building demolished.
- 1772 - Assumption Cathedral rebuilt.[1]
- 1804 - Birth of Mikhail Glinka Russian classical musician.[1]
- 1812 - August: Battle of Smolensk (1812); city taken by French forces.[1]
- 1868 - Smolensk railway station opened.
- 1870 - Moscow–Brest Railway opens.
- 1878 - Smolenskii Vestnik newspaper begins publication.
- 1885 - Glinka Monument (Smolensk) unveiled.[5]
- 1888 - Smolensk State Museum founded.[6]
- 1894 - Polish church built.[7]
- 1897 - Population: 46,889.
- 1900 - Population: 57,405.[1]
20th century edit
- 1901 - Tram begins operating.[7]
- 1913 - Population: 76,000.[8]
- 1917 - Labor strikes.[9]
- 1918 - Smolensk State University established.
- 1926 - Smolensk Aviation Plant established.
- 1936 - Zadneprovsky City District, Smolensk of city established.[citation needed]
- 1937
- City becomes part of the Smolensk Oblast.[10]
- Smolensk Oblast Children's Puppet Theatre established.
- 1939 - Smolensk Regional Philharmonic orchestra established.[11]
.jpg)
- 1941
- July–August: Battle of Smolensk (1941).
- 20 July: Forced labour camp No. 126 for Zivilarbeiters established by the Germans.[12]
- July: Dulag 240 transit camp for prisoners of war relocated from Jabłonna to Smolensk.[13]
- November: Dulag 240 transit camp for POWs relocated from Smolensk to Rzhev.[13]
- 1942
- 1943
- August–October: Battle of Smolensk (1943).
- 25 September: Forced labour camps for Zivilarbeiters and Jews dissolved.[12][14]
- 1954 - Glinka Festival begins.[15]
- 1961 - Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Smolensk branch established.
- 1963 - Kristall Production Corporation (diamonds)[1][2] and Smolensk 1100th Anniversary Park established.
- 1965
- Industrial City District, Smolensk established.[citation needed]
- Population: 183,000.[16]
- 1979 - Leninsky City District, Smolensk established.
- 1985 - Population: 331,000.[17]
- 1988 - Smolensk Philharmonic Hall in use.
- 1989 - Population: 341,483.
- 1992 - Football Club Kristall Smolensk formed.
- 1995 - Tvardovsky statue unveiled in Victory Park, Smolensk.
- 1998
- Ivan Averchenkov becomes mayor.
- Aleksandr Prokhorov (politician) becomes governor of Smolensk Oblast.[10]
- 2000 - City becomes part of the Central Federal District.
21st century edit
- 2002
- Viktor Maslov (politician) becomes governor of Smolensk Oblast.[10]
- Smolensk Archive relocated to Russia from the US.
- 2003 - Vladislav Khaletsky becomes mayor.[18]
- 2004 - Football Club Dnepr Smolensk formed.
- 2010
- 10 April: Smolensk air disaster; Polish president Lech Kaczyński killed.
- Population: 326,863.[10]
See also edit
- Smolensk history
- Timelines of other cities in the Central Federal District of Russia: Moscow, Voronezh
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c Lawrence N. Langer (2002). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6618-8.
- ^ a b Lawrence N. Langer (2002). Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6618-8.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Russia". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ Russia & Belarus. Lonely Planet. 2006. ISBN 978-1-74104-291-7.
- ^ "Russianmuseums.info". Russian Cultural Heritage Network. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b c Cohen 2013.
- ^ "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ Hickey 2001.
- ^ a b c d "Smolensk Oblast". Territories of the Russian Federation. Europa Territories of the World (13th ed.). Routledge. 2012. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-85743-646-4.
- ^ "История" [History] (in Russian). Smolensk: Смоленская областная филармония (Smolensk Regional Philharmonic). Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Zivilarbeitslager "Lager Nr. 126" Smolensk". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ a b "German Dulag Camps". Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Smolensk". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ Julie Anne Sadie; Stanley Sadie (2005). Calling on the Composer: a Guide to European Composer Houses and Museums. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10750-0.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ellen Carnaghan (2010). Out of Order: Russian Political Values in an Imperfect World. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-04572-6.
This article incorporates information from the Russian Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
- William Coxe (1784), "Smolensko", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 278.
- "Smolensk", Russia, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 1328163
- William Henry Beable (1919), "Smolensk", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook
- Merle Fainsod (1958). Smolensk Under Soviet Rule. Harvard University Press. (research utilizing the Smolensk Archive)[3]
- Michael C. Hickey (2001). "Rise and fall of Smolensk's moderate socialists: the politics of class and rhetoric of crisis in 1917". In Donald J. Raleigh (ed.). Provincial Landscapes: Local Dimensions of Soviet Power, 1917–1953. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 14+. ISBN 978-0-8229-7061-3.
- Laurie R. Cohen (2013). Smolensk Under the Nazis: Everyday Life in Occupied Russia. University of Rochester Press. ISBN 978-1-58046-469-7.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Smolensk.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Smolensk, various dates