The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lomé, Togo.
Prior to 20th century
edit- 1874 - Lomé founded "by African, British and German traders."[1]
- 1897 - Lomé becomes capital of German colonial Togoland.[2]
20th century
edit- 1902 - Catholic Cathedral built.[3]
- 1904 - Wharf constructed.[4]
- 1905
- Aného-Lomé railway[5] and Palace of the Governors built.
- 1907
- 1911 - Atakpamé-Lomé railway built.[1]
- 1914 - Lomé "annexed by the British from the Gold Coast."[1]
- 1920 - Lomé becomes capital of colonial French Togoland.[1]
- 1920s - Boulevard Circulaire laid out.[1]
- 1922 - Political "council of notables" formed.[1]
- 1932
- Municipality established.[6]
- Étoile Filante du Togo football club formed.
- 1933 - January: "Riot by women" against taxes.[2][7]
- 1955
- Lonato building constructed.[8]
- Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lomé established.[9]
- 1957 - La Vérité Togolaise newspaper begins publication.
- 1958 - Tokoin becomes part of Lome.[1]
- 1960 - City becomes part of independent Togo.[2]
- 1961 - Dynamic Togolais football club formed.
- 1962
- 1963 - 13 January: 1963 Togolese coup d'état; Sylvanus Olympio assassinated.
- 1965 - Happy Star Concert Band formed.[12]
- 1968 - Stade Général Eyadema (stadium) opens.[citation needed]
- 1969 - Deep-water harbor built.[1]
- 1970
- University of Benin founded.
- Population: 148,156.[13]
- 1975
- Togo National Museum opens.
- City hosts signing of the Lomé Convention.[14]
- 1980 - Hotel du 2 Fevrier and West African Development Bank[15] built.
- 1981 - Population: 375,499.[16]
- 1983 - British School established.
- 1985
- 1989
- 1990 - 5 October: Anti-government demonstrations begin.[1][2]
- 1991 - April: Crackdown on anti-government demonstrators.[1]
- 1993 - La Dépêche newspaper begins publication.[10]
- 1997
- 1998 - Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (stock exchange) branch established.[14]
- 1999 - July: City hosts signing of the Lomé Peace Accord.[14]
- 2000 - Stade de Kégué (stadium) opens.
21st century
edit- 2001 - October: Mayor Amousouvi Akakpo arrested.[18]
- 2005
- March: Funeral of Gnassingbé Eyadéma.[1]
- May: Post-election unrest.[19]
- 2007 - Musée international du Golfe de Guinée (museum) founded.[20]
- 2011 - Population: 1,524,000 (urban agglomeration).[21]
- 2012
- June: Political demonstration.[17][22]
- University of Science and Technology of Togo established.
- 2013 - 11 January: Lomé Grand Market fire.[23]
- 2015 - Population: 1,788,600 (estimate, urban agglomeration).[24]
See also
edit- History of Lomé (in French)
- History of Togo
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Gervais-Lambony 2011.
- ^ a b c d Goeh-Akue 2005.
- ^ a b Thierry Lulle (1993). "Le Togo". In Jacques Soulillou (ed.). Rives coloniales: architectures, de Saint-Louis à Douala (in French). Editions Parenthèses. ISBN 978-2-86364-056-2.
- ^ Komla Tallaki (2005). "Pest-Control System in the Market Gardens of Lome, Togo". In Luc J. A. Mougeot (ed.). Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. International Development Research Centre. pp. 51–88. ISBN 978-1-55250-186-3.
- ^ Albert Frederick Calvert (1918), Togoland, London: T. W. Laurie, OL 7185419M
- ^ Binza 2006.
- ^ Benjamin N. Lawrance (2003), "La Révolte des Femmes: Economic Upheaval and the Gender of Political Authority in Lomé, Togo, 1931–33", African Studies Review, 46 (1): 43–67, doi:10.2307/1514980, JSTOR 1514980, S2CID 142773071
- ^ Collectif; Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2010). "Lome". Togo. Le Petit Futé (in French). p. 70+. ISBN 978-2-7469-3597-6.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Togo". www.katolsk.no. Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ a b c Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1857432534.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ Alain Ricard (1974), "Concert Party as a Genre: The Happy Stars of Lomé", Research in African Literatures, 5 (2): 165–179, JSTOR 3818671
- ^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c "Togo: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1857431834.
- ^ a b "(Lome, Togo)". ArchNet. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ Nyassogbo 1993.
- ^ a b "Togo Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ Lome mayor in corruption probe, BBC News, 5 October 2001
- ^ Michael Kamber (5 May 2005), "Lomé Journal", New York Times
- ^ "Togo: Lome". West Africa. Lonely Planet. 2009. pp. 774–783. ISBN 978-1-74104-821-6.
- ^ The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2015-09-10. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ "Togo: Police Clashes with Thousand of Protesters in Lomé". 21 August 2012 – via Global Voices.
- ^ Togo: le bâtiment principal du grand marché de Lomé ravagé par le feu (in French), Radio France Internationale, 12 January 2013
- ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
- This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
editin English
edit- Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Lome, Togo". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415234795.
- N. Adovi Goeh-Akue (2005). "Lomé". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
- Hugues Steve Ndinga-Koumba Binza (2006). "Demographic Profiles of Libreville and Lomé". In S.B. Bekker and Anne Leildé (ed.). Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities. South Africa: African Minds. ISBN 978-1-920051-40-2. (about Cape Town, Johannesburg, Libreville, Lomé)
- Philippe Gervais-Lambony (2011), Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn (ed.), "Lomé", Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness, Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, ISBN 978-2-8697-8495-6
in French
edit- Gabriel Kwami Nyassogbo (1993). "Comment une capitale devient macrocephale en Afrique subsaharienne: le cas de Lome au Togo". In John Taylor; et al. (eds.). Les capitales: Perspectives internationales (in French). McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 325+. ISBN 978-0-7735-8496-9.
- Yves Marguerat (1994). "La naissance d'une capitale africaine: Lomé". Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer (in French). 81 – via Persee.fr.
- Philippe Gervais-Lambony and G. Kwami Nyassogbo, ed. (2008). Lomé: Dynamiques d'une ville africaine [Lome: Dynamics of an African city] (in French). Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-8111-4224-7.
- Assogba Guézéré (2013). "Deux roues motorisées et étalement urbain à Lomé, quel lien avec la théorie des 'trois âges' de la ville?" [Motor bikes and urban sprawl in Lomé]. Norois (in French) (226): 41–62. doi:10.4000/norois.4549 – via Revues.org.
in German
edit- "Lome". Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon (in German). 1920.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lomé.
- "(Lomé)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
- "(Lomé)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Lomé)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Lomé)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
- "(Lomé)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Lomé)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Lomé, Togo". BlackPast.org. US. October 2014.
- Lydia Samarbakhsh-Liberge (ed.). "Chronologie: Togo". Histoire-afrique.org (in French). Archived from the original on 15 June 2008.. Initiated by Agence universitaire de la Francophonie. (Includes information about Lomé)