The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hanover, Germany.
Prior to 19th century edit
- 1333 - Kreuzkirche (church) consecrated.
- 1347 - Aegidienkirche (church) built.
- 1366 - Marktkirche (church) built.
- 1369 - Welfs in power.[1]
- 1382 - Döhrener Tower built near city.
- 1400 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[2]
- 1410 - Town Hall building expanded (approximate date).(de)[3]
- 1440 - Stadtbibliothek Hannover (library) founded.[4][5]
- 1529 - Hanover Schützenfest established.
- 1550 - Alter Jüdischer Friedhof an der Oberstraße (cemetery) established.
- 1670 - Neustädter Kirche (church) built.
- 1676 - Herrenhausen Palace expansion begins.[1]
- 1689
- Population: 11,373.[3]
- Schlossopernhaus opens with premiere of Steffani's opera Henrico Leone.[6]
- 1698 - Leibniz house in use.
- 1720 - Royal Public Library active.[7][1]
- 1726 - Herrenhäuser Allee laid out.
- 1755 - Population: 17,432.[3]
- 1797 - Hanover Natural History Society founded.[8]
- 1798 - Adressbuch der Stadt Hannover (city directory) begins publication.[3]
19th century edit
- 1810 - Hanover becomes part of the Kingdom of Westphalia.[1]
- 1815 - City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Hanover.[1]
- 1821 - Population: 33,255.[3]
- 1824 - Calenberger Neustadt becomes part of city.[3]
- 1826 - Gas lighting installed.[9]
- 1832 - Kunstverein Hannover (art society) formed.
- 1835 - Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen (historical society) founded.
- 1838 - Artilleriekaserne am Steintor (military barracks) built.
- 1844 - Hanover–Braunschweig Railway in operation.
- 1847
- Bremen–Hanover railway begins operating.
- Development of Ernst-August-Stadt area begins.[3]
- 1851 - Thalia Society founded.[10]
- 1852
- Royal Theatre built.[1][11]
- Hannoversches Tageblatt newspaper in publication.[3]
- 1853 - Hanoverian Southern Railway begins operating.
- 1854 - Hannoversche Courier newspaper begins publication.
- 1856 - Museum of Art and Science built.
- 1861 - Population: 71,170.[12]
- 1864
- Hanover–Hamburg railway in operation.
- Stadtfriedhof Engesohde and Jüdischer Friedhof An der Strangriede (cemeteries) established.
- 1865 - Hanover Zoo established.[13]
- 1866
- Hanover becomes part of Prussia.[1]
- Hanover Military Riding Institute active.[2]
- Welfenschloss (palace) built.[1]
- X Army Corps headquartered in Hanover.
- Hanover Chamber of Industry and Commerce established.
- 1870 - New Synagogue, Hanover built.
- 1871 - Continental rubber manufacturer in business.
- 1872
- Horse-drawn tram begins operating.(de)
- Goethe Bridge built.[14]
- 1879 - Hannover Hauptbahnhof rebuilt.
- 1885 - Population: 139,731.[15]
- 1886 - Cumberlandsche Galerie built.
- 1888 - Photographischer Verein founded.[16]
- 1889
- Mellini-Theater opens.
- Kestner Museum established.
- 1891 - Hainholz, Herrenhausen, List, and Vahrenwald become part of city.[3]
- 1893
- Electric tram begins operating.(de)
- Hannoverscher Anzeiger newspaper begins publication.
- 1895 - Lister Tower and Flusswasserkunst built.
- 1896
- Hannover 96 football club formed.
- Holzmarkt Fountain installed.
- 1897 - Music Conservatory established.
- 1898 - Hannoversche Waggonfabrik (manufacturer) in business.
20th century edit
1900-1945 edit
- 1902 - Provincial museum built.[1]
- 1903 - Vaterländisches Museum opens.
- 1904 - Bismarck Tower erected.
- 1907 - Bothfeld, Groß-Buchholz, Klein-Buchholz, Döhren, Kirchrode, Mecklenheide, Stöcken, and Wülfel become part of city.[3]
- 1908 - Anti-noise society formed.[17]
- 1911 - Schauburg (theatre) opens.
- 1913 - New City Hall built in the Maschpark.
- 1914
- Stadthalle built.(de)
- Stadtpark (Hannover) opens.
- 1916
- Kestnergesellschaft (modern art society) formed.[18]
- Duve-Brunnen (fountain) installed in the Neustädter Markt.
- 1918
- November: German Revolution of 1918–19.
- Robert Leinert becomes mayor.
- 1919
- Deutsche Luft-Reederei begins operating its Berlin-Hannover airplane route.[19]
- Population: 310,431.[20]
- 1920
- Linden becomes part of city.[3]
- Hanover Cavalry School established.
- 1921
- Nazi Party branch established.[21]
- Überlandwerke und Straßenbahnen Hannover AG (public transit entity) active.
- Hindenburg Villa in use.
- 1923
- German Völkisch Freedom Party branch established.[21]
- Nazi Niedersächsischer Beobachter weekly newspaper begins publication.[21]
- 1924 - Gustav Fink becomes mayor.
- 1925
- Arthur Menge becomes mayor.[18]
- Population: 422,745.[3]
- 1927 - Botanischer Schulgarten Burg (garden) established.[22]
- 1936 - Maschsee (lake) created.
- 1937 - Henricus Haltenhoff becomes mayor.
- 1938 - November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
- 1939
- September: Bombing of Hanover in World War II by Allied forces begins.
- Population: 472,527.[3]
- 1942 - Ludwig Hoffmeister becomes Staatskommissare.(de)
- 1944
- 24 June: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp begins operating.[23]
- 26 June: Hanover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.[24]
- 1 September: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp redesignated a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.[23]
- September: Hanover-Stöcken (Continental) concentration camp begins operating.
- Late September or early October: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.[25]
- November: Hanover-Ahlem concentration camp established.
- Egon Bönner becomes Staatskommissare.(de)
- 1945
- January: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners relocated to the Hanover-Limmer camp.[25]
- February: Hanover-Mühlenberg concentration camp begins operating.
- 6 April: Hanover-Limmer and Hanover-Misburg subcamps of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners sent on a death march.[24][23]
- 10 April: Allied forces arrive.
- April–May: Mayor, Regierungspräsident, and Oberpräsident (local government officials) appointed.[26]
1946-1990s edit
- 1946 - February: Flood.(de)
- 1947
- 1 April: Food protest.[27]
- Hannover Messe (trade fair) begins.[3]
- 1949
- Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.
- Europa-Haus built.[28]
- 1950s - Hannover War Cemetery established.
- 1951 - Youth House built.
- 1952
- Landesbühne Hannover (theatre) established.[28]
- Trade union building built.
- 1954
- Niedersachsenstadion (stadium) opens.
- Mannesmann Tower erected.
- Frühlingsfest Hannover begins.
- Markthalle Hannover rebuilt.
- 1965 - Oktoberfest Hannover begins.
- 1965 - Population: 555,228.
- 1969 - IBM-Haus built.
- 1970 - Norddeutsche Landesbank headquartered in city.
- 1972 - Herbert Schmalstieg becomes mayor.[28]
- 1974 - Ahelm, Anderten, Bemerode, Misburg, Vinnhorst, Wettbergen, and Wülferode become part of city.[3]
- 1975
- Hanover Stadtbahn begins operating.
- Eilenriedehalle built in the Hannover Congress Centrum.
- 1979 - Sprengel Museum opens.
- 1987 - Klecks-Theater Hannover founded.
- 1991 - Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway built.
- 1992 - Hanover City Archive moves to Bokemahle in Südstadt-Bult.[29]
- 2000
- June: Expo 2000 opens.
- Hanover S-Bahn commuter rail begins operating.
21st century edit
- 2001 - Gehry Tower built.
- 2002 - Nord/LB headquarters built.
- 2005 - Regional Lower Saxony State Archives established, including its Hanover office.[30]
- 2006 - Stephan Weil becomes mayor.
- 2008
- Hannover City 2020 + urban planning process begins.[31]
- Baitus Sami Mosque built.
- 2013 - Stefan Schostok becomes mayor.
- 2014 - Population: 523,642.
Images edit
-
Herrenhäuser Allee, laid out in 1726 (postcard from 1906) -
Vaterländisches Museum, opened in 1903 -
Crowd outside house of Hindenburg on day he becomes President of Germany, 12 May 1925 -
Bombed wreckage of Old Town Hall, 1943 -
Flood, 1946
See also edit
- Hanover history
- History of Hanover (city)
- History of Hanover (region)
- History of the Jews in Hannover
- List of mayors of Hanover
- Maps of Hanover
- List of former buildings in Hanover
Other cities in the state of Lower Saxony:(de)
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Mlynek 2009.
- ^ Julius Petzholdt [in German] (1853), "Hannover", Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
- ^ "Ubersicht uber die Geschichte der Stadt-Bibliothek", Katalog der Stadt-bibliothek zu Hannover (in German), 1901, hdl:2027/mdp.39015065762273
- ^ "Nds. Staatstheater Hannover GmbH (NSH)". NLA Hannover (in German). Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv Hannover. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "Über uns: Geschichte" (in German). Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Chambers 1901.
- ^ Lindau 2000.
- ^ Fischer 1899.
- ^ "Germany: States of North Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ Magistrat 1908.
- ^ "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
- ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
- ^ Florence Feiereisen; Alexandra Merley Hill, eds. (2011). Germany in the Loud Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-987722-5.
- ^ a b Heine 1994.
- ^ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b c Farquharson 1973.
- ^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ a b c "Hannover-Limmer". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Hannover-Misburg". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Hannover-Langenhagen". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ Marshall 1986.
- ^ "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. 3. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.
- ^ a b c Mlynek 1991.
- ^ "Stadtarchiv: Archivgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "Niedersächsische Landesarchiv: Geschichte des Landesarchivs". Niedersachsen.de (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "Hannover City 2020 +". Hannover.de (in German). Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Landeshauptstadt Hannover. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
in English edit
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Hanover", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241179
- Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Hanover", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
- "Hanover". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1886. hdl:2027/hvd.hn1imr.
- "Hanover". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1fj2r624.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Hanover", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379 + 1873 ed.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 926–927.
- Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Hanover". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
- John Farquharson (1973), "The NSDAP in Hanover and Lower Saxony 1921-26", Journal of Contemporary History, 8 (4): 103–120, doi:10.1177/002200947300800406, JSTOR 260130, S2CID 159784977
- Barbara Marshall (1986), "Democratization of Local Politics in the British Zone of Germany: Hanover 1945-47", Journal of Contemporary History, 21 (3): 413–451, doi:10.1177/002200948602100304, JSTOR 260436, S2CID 154840068
- Werner Heine & Annette Haxton (1994), "'Futura' without a Future: Kurt Schwitters' Typography for Hanover Town Council, 1929-1934", Journal of Design History, 7 (2): 127–140, doi:10.1093/jdh/7.2.127, JSTOR 1316081
in German edit
published in the 19th century
- Hoppe (1845). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German).
- Friedrich Wilhelm Andreae (1859). Chronik der residenzstadt Hannover (in German). Hildesheim: Finckesche Buchhandlung.
- Adressbuch, Stadt- und Geschäfts-Handbuch der königlichen Residenzstadt Hannover (in German). 1872 – via HathiTrust. + 1884 ed.
- Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter (in German). Vereins für die Geschichte der Stadt Hannover. 1898. ongoing
- "Hannover (Stadt)". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 8 (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064585.
- Georg Fischer [in German] (1899). Opern und Concerte im Hoftheater zu Hannover bis 1866 (in German). Hanover: Hahn.
published in the 20th century
- Otto Jürgens [in German] (1907). Hannoversche chronik. Veröffentlichung zur niedersächsischen geschichte,6 (in German). Hanover: Geibel. (chronology)
- Verwaltungsbericht des Magistrats der Koniglichen Haupt- und Residenzstadt Hannover, 1906-07 [Management report of the magistrate of the royal residence and capital city of Hanover] (in German). Hanover: Aug. Eberlein & Co. 1908.
- P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Hannover". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Hannover und Hildesheim. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). Vol. 151 (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1914 – via HathiTrust.
- Adelheid von Saldern, ed. (1989). Stadt und Moderne: Hannover in der Weimarer Republik (in German). Ergebnisse. ISBN 978-3-925622-51-9.
- Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1991). Hannover Chronik (in German). Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-87706-319-4. (chronology)
- Klaus Mlynek; Waldemar R. Röhrbein, eds. (1994). Geschichte der Stadt Hannover (in German). Schlütersche. ISBN 978-3-87706-364-4.
- Friedrich Lindau (2000). Hannover: Wiederaufbau und Zerstörung; die Stadt im Umgang mit ihrer bauhistorischen Identität (in German) (2nd ed.). Schlütersche. ISBN 978-3-87706-659-1.
published in the 21st century
- Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon (in German). 2002.
- Hannover. Kunst- und Kultur-Lexikon (in German) (4th ed.). 2007.
- Klaus Mlynek; et al., eds. (2009), Stadtlexikon Hannover (in German), Schlütersche, ISBN 9783842682078 – via Google Books(de)
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanover.
- "Stadtgeschichte". Hannover.de (in German). Landeshauptstadt Hannover.