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Timeline of Cartagena, Colombia

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century (Colonial era)

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  • 1500 – Rodrigo de Bastidas approaches to Cartagena's bay, naming it Barú bay.
  • 1503 – The catholic queen Isabel issue a royal decree, naming the Barú bay as the Cartagena's bay, due to its similarity with Cartagena (España)
  • 1523 – Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés obtains permission to commerce in Cartagena's bay and near regions.[1]
  • 1525 – Fernandez de Oviedo obtains the capitulation to conquer the actual terrains of Cartagena.[1]
  • 1533 - Cartagena founded by Spaniard Pedro de Heredia.[2] It becomes one of the "major naval and merchant marine bases of the Spanish empire."[3][4]
  • 1534 – Catholic Diocese of Cartagena established.[5]
  • 1536
  • 1538 – The Spanish crown authorizes taxes to the Indigenous people.[6]
  • 1539 – Indigenous population: 500 approx. Population has decreased due to diseases and confrontations with colonizers.[1]
  • 1543 – Jean-François Roberval plunders the city
  • 1544 – Town was captured and plundered by pirates.[4]
  • 1550 – Heredia becomes governor of Cartagena
  • 1552 – A big fire occurs
  • 1559 – French Martin Cote assaults Cartagena
  • 1561 – The Nuevo Muelle dock is built, made up of wood
  • 1565 – 1,000 inhabitants
  • 1568 - John Hawkins invades and assaults Cartagena for 8 days.
  • 1574
  • 1575 – Cartagena is recognized with the "Noble and Loyal" city title, as Cartageneros were Pro-Spanish Crown.
  • 1578 – Convento de Santo Domingo construction begins.
  • 1579
    • Cartagena attains Spanish colonial city status.[5]
    • San Juan de Dios Hospital builds its second floor
  • 1580 – The Saint Augustine convent is founded
  • 1582 – Canal del Dique built.
  • 1585 – Sir Francis Drake exacted a large ransom from the town.[4]
  • 1586 – Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586).[7] Drake again occupies and destroys much of the city.[8]
  • 1595 – By the visit of the military engineer Bautista Antonelli, Cartagena's cobbled streets are traced
  • 1603 - The Espiritú Santo hospital is founded in Getsemaní.
  • 1610 - King Philip III of Spain establishes the Tribunal de Penas del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición.
  • 1612 - Cartagena Cathedral built.
  • 1614
  • 1620 - Getsemaní is completely edificated. Its cabidity under the construction of Cartagena's wall is debated.
  • 1625 - The Aduana building is concluded.
  • 1630 - Population: 6.000
  • 1635 - The famous Cartagena Wall is completed, making Cartagena a military hub.
  • 1636 - A group of Portuguese immigrants are submitted to an "act of faith", accused of practicing judaism.
  •  
    1735 city map.
    1646 - Castle of San Luis de Bocachica (fort) construction begins.
  • 1651 - Yellow fever epidemic in Cartagena.
  • 1654 - Iglesia de San Pedro Claver built.
  • 1657 - Castle San Felipe de Barajas (fort) is built over the San Lázaro hill.
  • 1683 - Raid on Cartagena (1683).
  • 1684 - Population: 7.341
  • 1697 - May 6: Raid on Cartagena (1697).[4]
  • 1708 - Wager's Action, a naval confrontation on 8 June 1708, between a British squadron under Charles Wager and the Spanish treasure fleet off the coast near Cartagena
  • 1709 - Population: 4.556
  • 1710 - The city is fully recovered from what the last raid destroyed.
  • 1717 - Cartagena becomes part of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada.
  • 1730 - The San Carlos Hospital and the Poors Hospital open.
  • 1732 - El templo Santo Toribio (temple) built.
  • 1735 - Franciscan Church of the Third Order built.[9]
  • 1741 - Battle of Cartagena de Indias.[7] Large attacking force led by Admiral Edward Vernon defeated at the Castillo San Felipe by an outnumbered defensive force led by Blas del Lezo.[10]
  • 1757 - Governor of Cartagena dictates the closing of Bocagrande's channel, making a peninsula, now called Bocagrande.
  • 1767 - After the expulsion of the jesuits the San Juan de Dios hospital is relocated.
  • 1769 - Castle San Felipe de Barajas is reinforced and enlarged by Antonio de Árevalo, becoming the biggest fort in Cartagena.
  • 1770 - Palace of Inquisition built (approximate date).
  • 1777 - 13.700 inhabitants.
  • 1780 - El espigón de La Tenaza (shore end) built.
  • 1785 - Antonio de Árevalo builds nine installations for ill people in Caño del Oro, Tierrabomba island.
  • 1795 - Consulado (merchant guild) established.[11]
  • 1796 - Military barracks (known as Bóvedas) aside of the wall, are finished.

19th century

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  • 1809 - 17.600 inhabitants.
  • 1810 - May 22: A coup leads to the creation of a new governing council.
  • 1811 - November 11: Cartagena's Cabildo declares absolute independence from Spain, creating the Free State of Cartagena.[12]
  • 1811 - Cartagena becomes part of the newly formed United Provinces of New Granada.[13]
  • 1815
  • 1816
    • Pablo Morillo returns to Cartagena, in the so-called "reconquest".
    • The nine martyrs are written off by the court-martial, accusing them of betrayal to the Spanish crown.
  • 1821
  • 1824 - War of independence finishes.
  • 1827 - University of Cartagena established.
  • 1835 - 11.929 inhabitants, population decreased significantly since the independence.
  • 1843 - Bartolomé Calvo Library founded.[citation needed]
     
    Torre del Reloj (clock tower).
  • 1849
    • Cholera plague hits Cartagena, 1/3 of the population decease.
    • El Porvenir newspaper begins publication.
  • 1850 - La Republica newspaper begins publication.[15]
  • 1857 - The province of Cartagena is designated the name of Bolívar department, in honor to Simón Bolívar.
  • 1870 - El camellón de los Mártires (median strip) built, making a social place for the Cartagenero.
  • 1885 - The ermitage of El cabrero is built by the 4 times president Rafael Nuñez for his wife.
  • 1888 - A republican-style clock tower, Torre del reloj (Cartagena) is built over the entrance of the wall.
  • 1889 - Public Library José Fernandez de Madrid opens.[16]
  • 1891 - El Espinal, El Cabrero, Manga and Pie de La Popa, become townships.
  • 1892 - Dispute on the terrains of La Boquilla.
  • 1894
    • Cartagena's railway inaugurated, connecting the capital of the Bolivar department to the Magdalena river.
    • Muelle de la Machina (dock) inaugurated.[17]
  • 1896 - Bolivar statue erected in Bolívar Park (Cartagena, Colombia) [es].[9]
  • 1898
    • After a big depression, economy recuperates. Volume of exportation: 34.653 tons.
    • The railway pier was lengthened 120 ft.[4]

20th century - Republican era

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  • 1904 - Mercado de Getsemaní (public market building) inaugurated.
  • 1905
    • The wall gate "Paz y progreso" is opened while the controversial "murallicidio".
    • Urbanization in the Manga island starts, it is held by Henrique Luis Román who also built the H.L Román bridge. Connecting Getsemaní and Manga.
    • Population: 14,000. (official estimate).[4]
  • 1907 - Bolivar bank building inaugurated.
  • 1909 - Industrial park "El limbo" operates.
  • 1911 - Teatro Heredia [es] and Centenary Park (Cartagena) [es] opens.
  • 1912 - Demographic rate peaks to 3.2% until 1951. Important immigration to the city takes place.
  • 1915 - Chamber of Commerce of Cartagena founded, 150 companies registered.[18]
  • 1918 - Population: 50.000
  • 1920
    • "Compañia Colombiana de Navegación Aerea" (airline) builds an airport in the terrains of Bocagrande.
    • Club Cartagena opens.
  • 1923 - An oil pipeline is built between "Las Infantas" camp in Santander and Cartagena's bay.
  • 1928
  • 1930
    • SCADTA (airline) builds an airfield in the Manzanillo island.
    • The Andean corporation urbanizes Bocagrande's peninsula giving shelter and entertainment to its workers.
  • 1931
  • 1934
    • Port of Cartagena inaugurated.
    • September: Naval base "ARC Bolívar" is inaugurated in Bocagrande.[19]
    • Miss Colombia beauty pageant begins.[20]
  • 1938
  • 1939 - Club de Pesca of Cartagena (fishing club of Cartagena) founded in the San Sebastián del Pastelillo Fort.[21]
  • 1941 - the Caribe Hotel in business.
  • 1947
  • 1948 - El Universal newspaper begins publication.[22]
  • 1951
    • Service of Cartagena's railroad is suspended due to navigability through Canal del Dique.
    • Population: 128,877.[23]
  • 1956 - Cartagena Refinery of oil commissioned.
  • 1958 - Estadio Jaime Morón León (stadium) opens.
  • 1959 - Cartagena's historic center is declared a national monument.
  • 1960 - Cartagena Film Festival begins.
  • 1961
    • Comfenalco (Compensation fund of Cartagena) established.
    • Navy cadet school Almirante Padilla moved to the Manzanillo island.[24]
  • 1965 - Fire destroys the Mercado de Getsemaní (public market).
  • 1967 - Mamonal industrial complex consolidated.
  • 1968 - Santander Avenue inaugurated, an important avenue which rounds the Cartagena wall.
  • 1970 - Universidad Tecnologica de Bolivar first private university in the city, founded.
  • 1973 - Population: 292,512.[25]
  • 1974
    • Private-state enterprise Ecopetrol takes the administration of the Cartagena oil refinery.
    • Statue of India Catalina erected in La Matuna.
  • 1977 - New public market Bazurto is built. The building is recognized as architectural heritage of Colombia.
  • 1978 - The semi destroyed Mercado de Getsemaní is finally demolished.[26]
  • 1979 - Centro de conveciones Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala (convention center) starts its construction.
  • 1980
    • Hilton Cartagena inaugurated, becoming the first Hilton Hotel in Colombia.
    • La Vitrola restaurant in business.[27]
  • 1982
  • 1984
  • 1985
  • 1986 - The airport of Crespo is renamed as Rafael Nuñez in tribute to the centenary of the constitution.
  • 1991 - Cartagena is declared touristic and cultural district of Colombia.
  • 1993 - Sociedad Portuaria de Cartagena acquires the administration of Cartagena's port.
  • 1996 - SACSA (airline) acquires the administration of the Rafael Núñez International Airport.
  • 1997 - Jorge Artel Library is opened, it serves to the southwestern districts, the poorest ones.
  • 1999 - The American Hispanic Culture Library opens.

21st century

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  • 2003 – Transcaribe transit system construction begins.
  • 2005
  • 2006
  • 2008
  •  
    Transcaribe bus
    2012
  • 2013
  • 2014
    • Cartagena's population reaches 1 million inhabitants
    • Bocagrande Plaza opens.[30]
  • 2015
    • August: Puerto Bahía specialized docks for hydrocarbons gas liquids movement inaugurated.
    • October: Modernization and ampliation of the Cartagena's refinery finishes.[31]
    • November: Transcaribe BRT starts operating.
    • December: Sunken 18th century Spanish galleon San José rediscovered offshore.[32]
    • December 10: Port of Buenavista, located in Mamonal industrial district, inaugurated.
  • 2016
    • Bolívar Department, which's capital is Cartagena, was the department that grew economically the most in 2016 with 11,4%, much higher than the 2% national average.[33]
    • February: The planified city, Serena Del Mar, starts its construction in the north of Cartagena.[34]
    • February 27: Mamonal specialized docks for carbon movement, inaugurated.
    • April: Crespo's tunnel inaugurated.
    • July: First Neopanamax ship docks at Cartagena's harbor.[35]
    • September: Peace accords between the Colombian Government and the FARC are signed in the Turbay Ayala convention center, assembling presidents from different countries, and big personalities such as Ban Ki-moon.[36]
    • December: Estelar Hotel inaugurated in Bocagrande, becoming the tallest building in Cartagena with 202 m (662 ft).
    • Population 1,013,389[37]
  • 2017
    • February: Children's Baseball stadium, Mono Judas Araújo, rebuilt
    • May: Colombia's General Attorney's Office suspended mayor Manolo Duque from his charge because of corruption investigations.[38] Duque being found guilty and imprisoned later. Sergio Londoño Zurek would become Cartagena's in-charge mayor until atypical elections were held.
    • October: 9 members of Cartagena's council are investigated and called to the courts in January 2018.[39]
  • 2018
    • 5 km long Viaducto Cienaga de la Virgen (bridge) inaugurated, reducing travel time from downtown to north Cartagena and Barranquilla

See also

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Other cities in Colombia:

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Historia de Colombia: el establecimiento de la dominación española". babel.banrepcultural.org.
  2. ^ Harvey F. Kline (2012). Historical Dictionary of Colombia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7955-3.
  3. ^ "Northern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
  5. ^ a b Catholic Encyclopedia 1908.
  6. ^ "Cartagena de Indias".
  7. ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 339, OL 6112221M
  8. ^ McConnaughhay, Adam. "A History of Sir Francis Drake's Attack on Cartagena - Cartagena Explorer". Cartagena Explorer. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  9. ^ a b Gómez 2004.
  10. ^ McConnaughhay, Adam (11 March 2022). "History of the Battle of Cartagena de Indias - The Heroic Defense of Cartagena Against Edward Vernon - Cartagena Explorer".
  11. ^ Ralph Lee Woodward Jr. (2013) [2005], "Merchant Guilds", in Cynthia Clark Northrup (ed.), Encyclopedia of World Trade, Routledge, ISBN 9780765682680
  12. ^ McConnaughhay, Adam (9 November 2020). "Un Once de Noviembre - Cartagena's Declaration of Independence - Cartagena Explorer". Cartagena Explorer. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  13. ^ Marley 2005.
  14. ^ Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (2010). Global chronology of conflict from the ancient world to the modern Middle East. USA: ABC-CLIO. p. 1139. ISBN 9781851096725.
  15. ^ "Cartagena (Colombia) -- Prensa". Biblioteca Virtual (in Spanish). Colombia: Actividad Cultural del Banco de la República. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  16. ^ a b c "Cartagena: Un siglo de imágenes".
  17. ^ "Historia". Archived from the original on 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
  18. ^ "Quiénes somos - Cámara de Comercio de Cartagena". www.cccartagena.org.co. Archived from the original on 2012-01-21.
  19. ^ "Base Naval ARC "Bolivar" celebra 80 años en el caribe colombiano" [ARC "Bolivar" Naval Base celebrates 80 years in the Colombian Caribbean] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-04-12.
  20. ^ a b Streicker 1997.
  21. ^ "El Club | Club de Pesca de Cartagena". www.clubdepescadecartagena.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-04.
  22. ^ "Colombia: Directory". Europa World Year Book 2003. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
  23. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
  24. ^ "Escuela naval de cadetes "Almirante Padilla", 80 años formando líderes navales" [“Almirante Padilla” Naval Cadet School, 80 years training naval leaders] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2016-03-23.
  25. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1976. pp. 253–279.
  26. ^ "De Getsemaní a Bazurto". 22 August 2010.
  27. ^ "La Vitrola: El restaurante de Cartagena preferido por los famosos", El Universal (in Spanish), March 28, 2012
  28. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
  29. ^ "Conócenos | Centro Comercial Caribe Plaza". 16 August 2017.
  30. ^ "Centros comerciales en Cartagena - Empresas - ELTIEMPO.COM". Archived from the original on 2014-11-05.
  31. ^ "Se pone en marcha la Refinería de Cartagena". 21 October 2015.
  32. ^ "Colombia says treasure-laden San Jose galleon found", BBC News, 5 December 2015
  33. ^ "La economía de Bolívar, de lejos, la que más creció en el país durante el 2016". 23 June 2017.
  34. ^ "A city to grow into". The Economist. 10 March 2017.
  35. ^ "Presidencia de la republica".
  36. ^ "The last armed conflict in Latin America is finally ending". 26 September 2016.
  37. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2016. United Nations Statistics Division. 2017.
  38. ^ "Procuraduría suspende al alcalde de Cartagena, Manolo Duque". 17 May 2017.
  39. ^ "Con 9 concejales investigados se inicia sesión de cabildo en Cartagena". 3 October 2017.

This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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