The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Caen, France.
Prior to 19th century edit
- 912 – Caen becomes western capital of Normandy.[1]
- 1060 – Château de Caen (castle) built by William the Conqueror (approximate date).[2]
- 1063 - Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen founded by William the Conqueror.[2]
- 1077 – Saint Stephen's Church, Caen consecrated.[2]
- 1087 – Burial of William the Conqueror.[1]
- 1314 – Public clock installed.[3]
- 1346 – Battle of Caen (1346).[2]
- 1417 – Siege of Caen (1417) by English forces.[1][2]
- 1432 – University of Caen Normandy founded by Henry VI of England.[2]
- 1450 – Siege of Caen (1450); French in power.[1]
- 1460s – Maison des Quatrans (residence) construction begins.[4]
- 1480 – Printing press in operation.[5]
- 1527 – Hôtel de Than (mansion) built (approximate date).[4]
- 1540 – Hôtel d'Escoville (mansion) built.[2]
- 1652 – Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen founded.[6]
- 1710 – Hôtel de Blangy (mansion) construction begins (approximate date).
- 1736 – Jardin des plantes de Caen (garden) established.[7]
- 1790 – Caen becomes part of the Calvados souveraineté.[8]
- 1793
- 1796 – Archives départementales du Calvados established.[9]
19th century edit
- 1809 – Musée des Beaux-Arts de Caen and Bibliothèque de Caen[10][11] open.
- 1820 – Société de médecine de Caen (medical society) founded.[6]
- 1821 – Caen Chamber of Commerce established.[12]
- 1823 – Société linnéenne de Normandie (learned society) founded.[6]
- 1824 – Société des antiquaires de Normandie (historical society) founded.[6]
- 1828 – Journal de Caen et de la Normandie newspaper begins publication.[13](fr)
- 1843 – Paris-Caen railway begins operating.[14]
- 1855 - Société des beaux-arts de Caen (art society) founded.[6]
- 1857
- Caen Canal opens.
- Gare de Caen opens
- Mantes-la-Jolie–Cherbourg railway begins operating.
- 1860 – Séminaire des Eudistes de Caen built.
- 1875
- Compagnie du chemin de fer de Caen à la mer railway begins operating.
- Gare de Caen Saint-Martin (rail station) opens.
- 1886 – Population: 43,809.[15]
20th century edit
- 1901 – Tram begins operating.
- 1911 – Population: 46,934.[16]
- 1913 – Stade Malherbe Caen association football club formed.
- 1925 – Stade de Venoix (stadium) opens.
- 1934 – Gare de Caen (railway station) rebuilt.
- 1939 – Military Caen-Carpiquet Air Base established.
- 1940 – German occupation begins.
- 1944
- June–August: Battle for Caen fought, during the Battle of Normandy.
- 19 July: German forces ousted from city.
- 1945 – Rebuilding of Caen begins.
- Yves Guillou becomes mayor
- 1954 – Population: 67,851.[8]
- 1959 – Jean-Marie Louvel becomes mayor.
- 1961 – Lycée Malherbe built.
- 1962
- Lycée Augustin-Fresnel (Lycée) opens in La Grâce de Dieu (Caen) neighborhood.
- Caen twinned with Würzburg, Germany.[17]
- 1965 – City Hall moves into the Abbey of Saint-Étienne building.
- 1967 – Civilian Caen – Carpiquet Airport in use.
- 1968 – Population: 110,262.[8]
- 1970 – Jean-Marie Girault becomes mayor.
- 1973 – Canton of Caen-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 created.[8]
- 1982 – Orchestre Régional de Basse-Normandie established in nearby Mondeville.
- 1986 – Postal Museum opens.[18]
- 1987 – Caen twinned with Portsmouth, United Kingdom.[17]
- 1988 – Mémorial de Caen opens.
- 1991 – Caen twinned with Alexandria, Virginia and Nashville, USA.[17]
- 1992 – Caen twinned with Thiès, Senegal.[17]
- 1993 – Stade Michel d'Ornano (stadium) opens.
- 1999 – Population: 113,987.[8]
21st century edit
- 2001 – Brigitte Le Brethon becomes mayor
- 2002 – Caen Guided Light Transit (TVR) begins operating.
- 2008 – Philippe Duron becomes mayor
- 2012 – Population: 108,365.
- 2014 – Joël Bruneau becomes mayor.
- 2015 – December: Normandy regional election, 2015 held.
- 2016 – Caen becomes part of Normandy.
- 2017 – Caen Guided Light Transit ends operating.
- 2019 – Caen tramway begins operating.
See also edit
- History of Caen
- History of Caen
- List of mayors of Caen
- List of heritage sites in Caen
- History of Normandy region
- other cities in the Normandy region
References edit
- ^ a b c d Haydn 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
- ^ "Caen". Encyclopédie Larousse (in French). Éditions Larousse. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b Gloton 1957.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co. pp. 368–374.
- ^ a b c d e "Sociétés savantes de France (Caen)" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Garden Search: France". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Caen, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Charles-Victor Langlois; Henri Stein [in French] (1891), "Archives départementales: Calvados", Les archives de l'histoire de France (in French), Paris: Alphonse Picard
- ^ Bibliothèque municipale 1880.
- ^ Tedder, Henry Richard; Brown, James Duff (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 545–577.
see page 565-France.
- ^ United States Department of Commerce; Archibald J. Wolfe (1915). "List of Chambers". Commercial Organizations in France. USA: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Frère 1860, p. 113.
- ^ "History: Timeline". Normandy. Green Guide. Michelin. 2012. ISBN 978-2-06-718264-6.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b c d "Les sept villes partenaires de Caen". Caen.fr (in French). Ville de Caen. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "(Caen)". Muséofile: Répertoire des musées français (in French). Ministry of Culture (France). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
in English edit
- "Caen". Traveller's Guide through France (2nd ed.). Paris: Galignani. 1819.
- "Caen". Traveller's Classical Guide Through France. Paris: Maison, successeur de Audin. 1840.
Translated from the French
- "Caen", Handbook for Travellers in France, London: John Murray, 1861
- C. B. Black (1876), "Caen", Guide to the North of France, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black
- "Caen", Northern France (4th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1905, hdl:2027/mdp.39015063869328, OCLC 01820283
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 936.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Caen", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t
in French edit
- Pierre Daniel Huet (1706). Les origines de la ville de Caen (in French) (2nd ed.). Rouen: Maurry.
- Heinrich August Ottokar Reichard (1816). "Caen". Guide des voyageurs en Europe (in French). Vol. France (8th ed.). Paris: Hyacinthe Langlois. hdl:2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t4xh2962k.
- Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Champagnac [in French] (1839). "Caen". Manuel des dates, en forme de dictionnaire. Perisse frères.
- Gervais de La Rue (1842). Nouveaux essais historiques sur la ville de Caen. Mancel.
- Édouard Frère (1860). "Journaux: Calvados". Manuel du bibliographie normand (in French). Vol. 2. Rouen. p. 113. hdl:2027/hvd.32044093616647.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Barthelemy Pont (1866). Histoire de la ville de Caen (in French).
- Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque municipale de Caen (in French). F. Le Blanc-Hardel. 1880.
- "Caen". Normandie. Guides Joanne (in French). 1901. hdl:2027/hvd.hn3f4h.
- "Caen". Dictionnaire Bouillet (in French) (34th ed.). 1914. hdl:2027/mdp.39015074817142.
- Henri Prentout (1921). Caen et Bayeux (in French).
- Jean-Jacques Gloton (1957). "Orientation de l'architecture civile à Caen au temps de la Renaissance". Annales de Normandie (in French). 7 (1) – via Persée (web portal).
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Caen.
- Items related to Caen, various dates (via Europeana).
- Items related to Caen, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).