The Language of the Birds (Russian: Птичий язык) is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in his compilation of Russian Fairy Tales, numbered 247.[1]
| The Language of the Birds | |
|---|---|
 The ravens seek an audience with the Tsar. | |
| Folk tale | |
| Name | The Language of the Birds |
| Aarne–Thompson grouping | ATU 671 ("The Three Languages") |
| Region | Russia |
| Published in | Russian Fairy Tales by Alexander Afanasyev |
| Related | The Three Languages |
Synopsis edit
A merchant's son, Ivan, wanted to learn the language of the birds. One day while hunting, he saw four chicks about to be swamped by a storm, and sheltered them with his kaftan. When the mother bird returned, she, in gratitude, taught him the language of the birds.
He sat with his parents one night and was distressed by the nightingale's song. His father insisted on hearing what it said, and he told them that it had said he would be a king's son rather than a merchant's, and his own father would serve him as a servant. His parents, worried about what this meant, put him in a boat and shoved it off the shore. On the sea, a merchant found him. He warned the merchant that the birds spoke of a storm, and was ignored, but while they were repairing the storm damage, he warned them of pirates and they hid. Finally, they came to a city where a king was distressed by three crows that always perched by the king's window. He offered his youngest daughter's hand in marriage to anyone who would get rid of them.
Ivan went to listen to the birds and then asked for an audience. He told the king that the crows wanted a royal decision: should the young crow follow the father or the mother crow? The king said the father, and the mother crow went off alone, and the father with the young crow. The king married his youngest daughter to Ivan and gave him half his kingdom.
Meanwhile, his father had lost all his money and became a beggar. One day he begged outside Ivan's castle, and Ivan brought him in and gave him food and clothing and asked what he wanted. The father asked him to take him as a servant. Ivan told him that the song of the nightingale had come true, and provided for his parents.
Translations edit
The tale was translated in the works of Leonard Magnus[2] and Verra Xenophontovna Kalamatiano de Blumenthal.[3]
French Slavicist Louis Léger translated the tale as Le Language des Oiseaux.[4]
Commentary edit
The tale is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 671, "The Language of the Animals".[5]
A similar tale is attached as a legend to Eilean Donan Castle in Scotland, in which a lord gave his son the power to speak with birds by making his first sip be from a raven's skull.
There is a Portuguese tale collected by Francisco Adolfo Coelho, "The Little Boy and the Moon," that unfolds in a fashion largely analogous to "The Language of the Birds": A boy tells his father that the moon has told him how one day when his father offers him water to wash his hands, he will "shrink back and refuse to be served." The boy's parents, alarmed at this, enclose him in a box which they abandon in the sea, but the box is retrieved by a fisherman and delivered to a king who adopts the boy. Eventually the boy in the course of his travels comes to an inn managed by his father and unwittingly fulfills the prophecy.[6]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Haney, Jack V. (2015). The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev, Volume II: Black Art and the Neo-Ancestral Impulse. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 307–308. ISBN 978-1-4968-0278-1. Project MUSE book 42506.
- ^ Afanasyev, Alexander. Russian Folk-Tales. Edited and Translated by Leonard A. Magnus. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co. 1915. pp. 45-47.
- ^ Blumenthal, Verra Xenophontovna (Kalamatiano) de. Folk Tales from the Russian. Chicago, New York [etc.]: Rand, McNally & company. 1903. pp. 66-76. [1]
- ^ Recueil de contes populaires slaves. Traduction par Louis Léger. Paris: Ernest Leroux. 1882. pp. 235-240.
- ^ Verrier, Jean; Bremond, Claude (1982). "Afanassiev et Propp". Littérature. 45 (1): 61–78. doi:10.3406/litt.1982.1372.
- ^
The full text of The Little Boy and the Moon at Wikisource
Further reading edit
- Šmitek, Zmago (20 April 2017). "What do Birds Sing? On Animal Language in South Slavic FolkloreKaj ptiči pojó? O živalski govorici v južnoslovanski folklori". Studia mythologica Slavica. 20: 111. doi:10.3986/sms.v20i0.6663. S2CID 217875564.
External links edit
- SurLaLune Fairy Tale site
- Detailed History of Eilean Donan Castle at the Wayback Machine (archived February 4, 2012)
- The original text of the tale ar Wikisource