War on terror | |||||||
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Photographs, clockwise from top left: U.S. servicemen boarding an aircraft at Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan; explosion of an Iraqi car bomb in Baghdad; a U.S. soldier and Afghan interpreter in Zabul Province, Afghanistan; Tomahawk missiles being fired from the warships at ISIL targets in the city of Raqqa, Syria Map: Countries with major military operations of the war on terror. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Main countries: | Main opponents: | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
4.5–4.6 million+ people killed[note 3][b] (937,000+ direct deaths including 387,000+ civilians, 3.6–3.7 million indirect deaths)[note 4][c] At least 38 million people displaced[d] |
Notes
edit- ^ The war on terror was also officially declared over in May 2010 and again in May 2013
- ^ Origins date back to the 1980s.
- ^ The Costs of War Project report defined post-9/11 war zones as conflicts that included significant United States counter-terrorism operations since 9/11, which in addition to the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan, also includes the civil wars in Syria, Yemen, Libya and Somalia. The report derived their estimate of indirect deaths using a calculation from the Geneva Declaration of Secretariat which estimates that for every person directly killed by war, four more die from the indirect consequences of war. The report's author Stephanie Savell stated that in an ideal scenario, the preferable way of quantifying the total death toll would have been by studying excess mortality, or by using on-the-ground researchers in the affected countries.[2]
- ^ The definition of "indirect" is paraphrased by the Washington Post as "caused by the deterioration of economic, environmental, psychological and health conditions." Savell says it includes "mounting poverty, food insecurity, environmental contamination, the ongoing trauma of violence, and the destruction of health and public infrastructure, along with private property and means of livelihood."[2]
References
edit- ^
- Daniel, DePetris. "The US war on terror continues. We just don't talk about it". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
- John, Haltiwanger (10 December 2023). "Graphic Truth: The US's "Global War on Terror" never ended". Costs of War. GZERO.
- ^
- "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
- Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.
- ^
- "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
- Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.
- ^
- "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". The Costs of War. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). "Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
- Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). "How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health" (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2023.