Template:Roman–Persian Wars timeline

 Timeline of the
Roman–Persian Wars
Roman–Parthian Wars
BC 
69First Roman-Parthian contacts, when Lucullus invades southern Armenia.
66–65Dispute between Pompey and Phraates III over Euphrates boundary.
53Roman defeat at the Battle of Carrhae.
42–37A great Pompeian–Parthian invasion of the Levant and Anatolia is defeated.
36–33Mark Antony's unsuccessful campaign against Parthia. Subsequent campaign in Armenia successful, but followed by withdrawal. Parthians take control of whole region.
20Settlement with the Parthians by Augustus and Tiberius; return of the captured Roman standards.
AD 
36Defeated by the Romans, Artabanus II renounces his claims to Armenia.
58–63Roman invasion of Armenia; arrangements made with Parthians over its kingship.
114–117Major campaign of Trajan against Parthia. Trajan's conquests later abandoned by Hadrian.
161–165After initial Parthian successes, war over Armenia (161–163) ended by a Roman victory. Avidius Cassius sacks Ctesiphon in 165.
195–197An offensive under the emperor Septimius Severus leads to the Roman acquisition of northern Mesopotamia.
216–217
Caracalla launches a new war against the Parthians. His successor Macrinus, however, is defeated by them near Nisibis in 217.
Roman–Sasanian Wars
230–232
Ardashir I raids Mesopotamia and Syria, but is eventually repulsed by Alexander Severus.
238–244Ardashir's invasion of Mesopotamia and Persian defeat at the Battle of Resaena. Gordian III advances along the Euphrates but is repelled near Ctesiphon at the Battle of Misiche in 244.
253Roman defeat at the Battle of Barbalissos.
c. 258–260Shapur I defeats and captures Valerian at Edessa.
283Carus sacks Ctesiphon.
296–298Roman defeat at Carrhae in 296 or 297. Galerius defeats the Persians in 298.
363After an initial victory outside Ctesiphon, Julian is killed at the Battle of Samarra.
384Shapur III and Theodosius I divide Armenia between them.
421–422Roman retaliation against Bahram's persecution of Christian Persians.
440Yazdegerd II raids Roman Armenia.
502–506Anastasius I refuses to support the Persians financially, triggering the Anastasian War. Ends with a seven-year peace treaty.
526–532Iberian War. Romans victorious at Dara and Satala but defeated at Callinicum. Ends with the treaty of "Perpetual Peace".
540–561Lazic War begins after Persians break the "Eternal Peace" by invading Syria. Ends with the Roman acquisition of Lazica and the signing of a fifty-year peace treaty.
572–591War for the Caucasus breaks out when Armenians revolt against Sasanian rule.
In 589, the Persian general Bahram Chobin raises a rebellion against Hormizd IV.
Restoration of Khosrow II, Hormizd's son, by Roman and Persian forces and restoration of Roman rule in northern Mesopotamia (Dara, Martyropolis) followed by expansion into Iberia and Armenia.
602Khosrow II conquers Mesopotamia after Maurice is assassinated.
611–623Persians gradually conquer Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Rhodes and enter Anatolia.
626Unsuccessful Avar–Persian–Slav siege of Constantinople
627Persian defeat at Nineveh.
629The Persians assassinate Khosrow II and agree to withdraw from all occupied territories. Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.

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