Temora longicornis is a species of copepod in the family Temoridae. It is found in marine environments on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
| Temora longicornis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Copepoda |
| Order: | Calanoida |
| Family: | Temoridae |
| Genus: | Temora |
| Species: | T. longicornis
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| Binomial name | |
| Temora longicornis (Müller O.F., 1785)[1]
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Distribution and habitat
editIn North America this copepod occurs between Cape Cod and Florida. In some years it is the commonest calanoid in the winter and spring in the mid-Atlantic region, and sometimes also in summer and autumn in Long Island Sound. It tends to be less abundant in estuaries than in open stretches of coast.[2]
Ecology
editTemora longicornis participates in diel vertical migrations, spending the day in the oxygen-minimum zone and swimming to the ocean surface at sunset.[2][3][4] Males can swim faster than females, and 3D tracking has shown that males can follow a detectable trail left by females. [5]
This copepod is an omnivore; diatoms are a major part of the diet and phytoplankton is also grazed.[2] This copepod is preyed on heavily by the sand lance in the northwestern Atlantic.[2] It also forms an important part of the diet of the herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the southern Baltic Sea in the autumn, at which time the copepods are particularly plentiful.[6]
This species' eggs float near the surface before they hatch and the developing larvae move deeper into the water column at each successive moult. The species has been shown to sometimes produce diapausing eggs in the summer months of June and July in Long Island Sound. When this happens, it results in a reduction in the quantity of zooplankton at that time of year. The eggs are buried in the sediment for a species-specific length of time and then hatch, moving into the water column as nauplius larvae as they develop. In the North Sea, dormancy takes place in winter.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b T. Chad Walter (2015). Walter TC, Boxshall G (eds.). "Temora longicornis (Müller O.F., 1785)". World of Copepods database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d Johnson, William S.; Allen, Dennis M. (2012). Zooplankton of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts: A Guide to Their Identification and Ecology. JHU Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-4214-0618-3.
- ^ Bianchi, Daniele; Stock, Charles; Galbraith, Eric D.; Sarmiento, Jorge L. (June 2013). "Diel vertical migration: Ecological controls and impacts on the biological pump in a one‐dimensional ocean model". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 27 (2): 478–491. doi:10.1002/gbc.20031. ISSN 0886-6236.
- ^ Bianchi, Daniele; Galbraith, Eric D.; Carozza, David A.; Mislan, K. A. S.; Stock, Charles A. (July 2013). "Intensification of open-ocean oxygen depletion by vertically migrating animals". Nature Geoscience. 6 (7): 545–548. doi:10.1038/ngeo1837. ISSN 1752-0894.
- ^ Doall, Michael H.; Colin, Sean P.; Strickler, J. Rudi; Yen, Jeannette (1998). "Locating a mate in 3D: the case of Temora longicornis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 353 (1369): 681–689. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0234. PMC 1692248.
- ^ Casini, Michele; Cardinale, Massimiliano; Arrhenius, Fredrik (2004). "Feeding preferences of herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the southern Baltic Sea". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 61 (8): 1267–1277. doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.12.011.
- ^ Gibson, R.N.; Barnes, Margaret (2002). Oceanography and Marine Biology. CRC Press. pp. 261–262. ISBN 978-0-203-50172-6.
