Telmatobius pefauri is a species of frog in the family Telmatobiidae. It is endemic to extreme northern Chile.[3][4] It was already feared that this species is extinct,[1] but recent research has suggested that the species is extant at several localities in the Arica y Parinacota Region, albeit at low numbers. Furthermore, morphological and genetic data suggest that Telmatobius zapahuirensis is a synonym of Telmatobius pefauri.[4] Common name Arico water frog has been coined for this species.[3]
| Arico Water Frog | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Telmatobiidae |
| Genus: | Telmatobius |
| Species: | T. pefauri
|
| Binomial name | |
| Telmatobius pefauri | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
|
Telmatobius zapahuirensis Veloso, Sallaberry-Ayerza, Navarro, Iturra-Constant, Valencia, Penna, and Diaz, 1982 | |
Etymology
editThe specific name pefauri honours Jaime Eduardo Péfaur Vega, a Chilean ecologist and herpetologist[5] and colleague of the authors who described the species.[2]
Description
editThe holotype, an adult female, measured 75 mm (3.0 in) in snout–vent length. The head is large and the body is robust. The eyes are relatively large, positioned far forward on the head, and oriented forward. The tympanum is not visible. The fingers are long and have lateral fringes but no webbing. The hind limbs are long, with long and moderately webbed toes. The dorsal skin is smooth apart from few, scattered tubercles. However, the flanks have many small tubercles. Dorsal coloration is olive-brown with distinct, darker brown spots and mottling; the ventral surfaces are grayish white, while the anterior surfaces of thighs yellow-orange.[2]
Recent specimens show variation in color pattern both between and within localities. Most specimens are olive-brown to light brown. Darker mottling is often present, as are small cream or light grey spots. However, one specimen had a golden brown dorsum without mottling. All newly collected specimens have also been smaller than the holotype, with two females measuring 48 and 57 mm (1.9 and 2.2 in) and one male 47 mm (1.9 in) in snout–vent length.[4]
Habitat and conservation
editThe type locality is a small high-altitude (3,200 m (10,500 ft) above sea level) stream without vegetation. The species is fully aquatic;[1][2] the holotype was found at night underwater in a half-meter deep stream pool.[2]
In 2015, Telmatobius pefauri was assessed as "critically endangered, possibly extinct",[1] and Telmatobius zapahuirensis as"critically endangered".[6] Telmatobius pefauri is threatened by habitat loss extraction of water from streams for cattle ranching and human use. Cattle might also impact the streams.[1] While the understanding on the distribution of Telmatobius pefauri has changed since the assessment, the number of known localities is low, local population densities are generally low, and water extraction for agricultural use remains a threat.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Telmatobius pefauri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T21583A79809777. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T21583A79809777.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Veloso, Alberto M. & Trueb, Linda (1976). "Description of a new species of telmatobiine frog, Telmatobius (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), from the Andes of northern Chile". Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. 62: 1–10.
- ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Telmatobius pefauri Veloso and Trueb, 1976". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d Fibla, P.; Sáez, P. A.; Salinas, H.; Araya, C.; Sallaberry, M. & Méndez, M. A. (2017). "The taxonomic status of two Telmatobius frog species (Anura: Telmatobiidae) from the western Andean slopes of northernmost Chile". Zootaxa. 4250 (4): 301–314. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4250.4.1. PMID 28610007.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (22 April 2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 262. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
- ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Telmatobius zapahuirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T21585A79809916. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T21585A79809916.en.