Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003)

The biological systematics and taxonomy of invertebrates as proposed by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca in 2003 is a system of classification of invertebrates, as a way to classify animals without backbones.[1]

Prokaryotes edit

  • Kingdom Eubacteria, also known as Bacteria – Domain of microorganisms
  • Kingdom Archaea, also known as Archaebacteria – Domain of single-celled organisms

Eukaryotes (Eukaryota, or Eukarya) edit

  • Kingdom Fungi – Biological kingdom, separate from plants and animals
  • Kingdom Plantae – Kingdom of photosynthetic eukaryotes (= Metaphyta)
  • Kingdom Protista – Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
  • Phylum Ciliophora – Taxon of protozoans with hair-like organelles called cilia
  • Phylum Apicomplexa – Phylum of parasitic alveolates
  • Phylum Dinoflagellata – Unicellular algae with two flagella
  • Phylum Stramenopila – Clade of eukaryotes
  • Phylum Rhizopoda – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Actinopoda – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Granuloreticulosa – Phylum of amoeboid protists
  • Phylum Diplomonadida – Group of mostly parasitic flagellates
  • Phylum Parabasilida – Group of flagellated protists
  • Phylum Cryptomonada – A proposed super-class of Cryptists linking Cryptophyceae and Goniomonadea
  • Phylum Microspora – Taxon of autotrophic fungus-like protists
  • Phylum Ascetospora – A group of eukaryotes that are parasites of animals
  • Phylum Choanoflagellata – Group of eukaryotes considered the closest living relatives of animals
  • Phylum Chlorophyta – Phylum of green algae
  • Phylum Opalinida – Small group of peculiar heterokonts, family Opalinidae, order Slopalinida
  • Incertae sedis: Genus Stephanopogon – Genus of flagellate marine protozoan

Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa) edit

Parazoa edit

Phylum Porifera edit

Mesozoa edit

Phylum Placozoa edit
Phylum Monoblastozoa edit
Phylum Rhombozoa edit
Phylum Orthonectida edit

Eumetazoa edit

Radiata edit
Phylum Cnidaria edit
Phylum Ctenophora edit
Bilateria edit

The authors divide the bilaterians in three informal groups:

  • acoelomates (phyla Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora)
  • blastocoelomate (or pseducoelomate, phyla Rotifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Loricifera)
  • coelomates (or eucoelomates, phyla Nemertea, Priapula, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Phoronida, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Chordata).

Several groups traditionally viewed as having a blastocoelomate condition are viewed here as acoelomates (e.g., Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida).

Some of the coelomates groups (e.g., Arthropoda, Mollusca) have greatly reduced celomic spaces; often the main body cavity is a bloodfilled space called a hemocoel, and is associated with an open circulatory system.

The Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta and Phoronida are viewed as lophophorates.

In a phylogeny,[3] the bilaterians are divided in:

Phylum Platyhelminthes edit
Phylum Nemertea edit
Phylum Rotifera edit
Phylum Gastrotricha edit
Phylum Kinorhyncha edit
Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata) edit
Phylum Nematomorpha edit
Phylum Priapula edit
Phylum Acanthocephala edit
Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa) edit
Phylum Gnathostomulida edit
Phylum Loricifera edit
Phylum Cycliophora edit
Phylum Annelida edit
  • Class Polychaeta, with 25 orders and 87 families (not all are listed)
  • Order Haplotaxida, with 25 families (not all are listed)
Phylum Sipuncula edit
Phylum Echiura edit
Phylum Onychophora edit
Phylum Tardigrada edit
Phylum Arthropoda edit
Phylum Mollusca edit
Phylum Phoronida edit
Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa) edit
Phylum Brachiopoda edit
Phylum Echinodermata edit
Phylum Chaetognatha edit
Phylum Hemichordata edit
Phylum Chordata edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003). Invertebrates (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-097-5.
  2. ^ Brusca, R. C.; Brusca, G. J. (2005). Invertebrados (2nd ed.). Madrid: McGraw-Hill-Interamericana. ISBN 978-0-87893-097-5.
  3. ^ Richard C. Brusca & Gary J. Brusca (2003), p. 875.