TATA-box binding protein like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBPL2 gene.[5] The TBPL2 protein is also known as TBP-related factor 3 (TRF3) and TATA binding protein 2 (TBP2). The protein was independently discovered in three laboratories as a vertebrate-specific family member of TATA-binding protein (TBP). [6][7][8] Orthologs have been identified in mouse, frog (Xenopus tropicalis) and fish (Danio rerio). Whereas the TBP gene is found in all eukaryotes, TBPL2 is only found in vertebrates.[9][10]
Molecular properties edit
Similar to TBP, TBPL2 can bind to the TATA box. It interacts with other general transcription factors such as TFIIA and TFIIB and promotes transcription initiation in vitro.[7][8] The core domain, which mediates this binding to DNA, shows 95% identity between TBP and TBPL2.[10] The N-terminal domain of TBPL2 exhibits only limited homology to that of TBP.
Expression and function edit
Early reports mistakenly suggested a wide expression pattern of TBPL2. The main site of expression, however, is the oocyte, where it acts as a replacement factor for TBP.[8][11][12][13] Knockout mice are normal and viable, but females are not fertile in the absence of TBPL2 due to a defect in folliculogenesis. [14] TBPL2 has also been identified as a factor necessary to reprogram stem cells to oocytes.[15]
References edit
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182521 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061809 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: TATA-box binding protein like 2". Retrieved 2018-01-31.
- ^ Persengiev SP, Zhu X, Dixit BL, Maston GA, Kittler EL, Green MR (December 2003). "TRF3, a TATA-box-binding protein-related factor, is vertebrate-specific and widely expressed". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (25): 14887–91. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10014887P. doi:10.1073/pnas.2036440100. PMC 299843. PMID 14634207.
- ^ a b Bártfai R, Balduf C, Hilton T, Rathmann Y, Hadzhiev Y, Tora L, et al. (April 2004). "TBP2, a vertebrate-specific member of the TBP family, is required in embryonic development of zebrafish". Current Biology. 14 (7): 593–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.034. PMID 15062100. S2CID 20128.
- ^ a b c Jallow Z, Jacobi UG, Weeks DL, Dawid IB, Veenstra GJ (September 2004). "Specialized and redundant roles of TBP and a vertebrate-specific TBP paralog in embryonic gene regulation in Xenopus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (37): 13525–30. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10113525J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405536101. PMC 518790. PMID 15345743.
- ^ Duttke SH (March 2015). "Evolution and diversification of the basal transcription machinery". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 40 (3): 127–9. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2015.01.005. PMC 4410091. PMID 25661246.
- ^ a b Akhtar W, Veenstra GJ (June 2011). "TBP-related factors: a paradigm of diversity in transcription initiation". Cell & Bioscience. 1 (1): 23. doi:10.1186/2045-3701-1-23. PMC 3142196. PMID 21711503.
- ^ Gazdag E, Rajkovic A, Torres-Paddilla ME, Tora L (July 2007). "Analysis of TATA-binding protein 2 (TBP2) and TBP expression suggests different roles for the two proteins in regulation of gene expression during oogenesis and early mouse development". Reproduction. 134 (1): 51–62. doi:10.1530/REP-06-0337. PMID 17641088.
- ^ Akhtar W, Veenstra GJ (August 2009). "TBP2 is a substitute for TBP in Xenopus oocyte transcription". BMC Biology. 7: 45. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-45. PMC 2731028. PMID 19650908.
- ^ Yu C, Cvetesic N, Hisler V, Gupta K, Ye T, Gazdag E, Negroni L, Hajkova P, Berger I, Lenhard B, Müller F, Vincent SD, Tora L (22 December 2020). "TBPL2/TFIIA complex establishes the maternal transcriptome through oocyte-specific promoter usage". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 6439. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.6439Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20239-4. PMC 7755920. PMID 33353944.
- ^ Gazdag E, Santenard A, Ziegler-Birling C, Altobelli G, Poch O, Tora L, Torres-Padilla ME (September 2009). "TBP2 is essential for germ cell development by regulating transcription and chromatin condensation in the oocyte". Genes & Development. 23 (18): 2210–2223. doi:10.1101/gad.535209. PMC 2751983. PMID 19759265.
- ^ Hamazaki N, Kyogoku H, Araki H, Miura F, Horikawa C, Hamada N, Shimamoto S, Hikabe O, Nakashima K, Kitajima T, Ito T, Leitch HG, Hayashi K (December 2020). "Reconstitution of the oocyte transcriptional network with transcription factors". Nature. 589 (7841): 264–269. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3027-9. hdl:10044/1/86296. PMID 33328630. S2CID 229293175.
Further reading edit
- Akhtar W, Veenstra GJ (June 2011). "TBP-related factors: a paradigm of diversity in transcription initiation". Cell & Bioscience. 1 (1): 23. doi:10.1186/2045-3701-1-23. PMC 3142196. PMID 21711503.
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