Foreign relations of Tanzania
Tanzania's first president, Julius Nyerere also was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement, and, during the Cold War era, Tanzania played an important role in regional and international organisations, such as the Non-Aligned Movement, the front-line states, the G-77, and the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) (now the African Union). One of Africa's best-known elder statesmen, Nyerere was personally active in many of these organisations, and served chairman of the OAU (1984–85) and chairman of six front-line states concerned with eliminating apartheid in Southern Africa. Nyerere was also involved with peace negotiations in Burundi until his death. Nyerere's death, on 14 October 1999, is still commemorated annually.
Tanzania, officially known as the United Republic of Tanzania, enjoys good relations with its neighbours in the region and in recent years has been an active participant in efforts to promote the peaceful resolution of disputes. Tanzania is helping to broker peace talks to end conflict in Burundi and supports the Lusaka agreement concerning the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In March 1996, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya revived discussion of economic and regional cooperation. These talks culminated with the signing of an East African Cooperation Treaty in September 1999, which should in time lead to economic integration through the development of the East African Community. Tanzania is the only country in East Africa which also is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Historically, Tanzania has played an active role in hosting refugees from neighbouring countries including Mozambique, DR Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda. This normally has been done in partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
Diplomatic relations
editList of countries which Tanzania maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | Nigeria | 6 December 1961[1] |
2 | Canada | 9 December 1961[2] |
3 | China | 9 December 1961[3] |
4 | Germany | 9 December 1961[4] |
5 | India | 9 December 1961[5] |
6 | Italy | 9 December 1961[6] |
7 | Serbia | 9 December 1961[7] |
8 | United States | 9 December 1961[8] |
9 | Russia | 10 December 1961[9] |
10 | Czech Republic | 12 December 1961[10] |
11 | Philippines | 15 December 1961[11] |
12 | Israel | 20 December 1961[12] |
13 | France | 22 December 1961[13] |
14 | Poland | 14 January 1962[14] |
15 | Netherlands | 31 March 1962[15] |
16 | Cuba | 6 May 1962[16] |
17 | Australia | 12 May 1962[17] |
18 | Bulgaria | 16 June 1962[18] |
19 | Belgium | 21 August 1962[19] |
20 | Egypt | 14 November 1962[20] |
21 | Hungary | 23 November 1962[21] |
22 | Somalia | 1962[22] |
23 | Turkey | 5 July 1963[23] |
24 | Burundi | 1963[24] |
25 | Sudan | 1963[25][26] |
26 | Indonesia | 25 January 1964[27] |
27 | United Kingdom | 22 April 1964[28] |
28 | Romania | 5 May 1964[29] |
29 | Sweden | 29 May 1964[30] |
30 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 30 May 1964[31] |
31 | Ethiopia | 1 June 1964[32] |
32 | Ivory Coast | 3 July 1964[33] |
33 | Norway | 28 September 1964[34] |
34 | Mali | 24 November 1964[35] |
35 | Denmark | 8 December 1964[36] |
36 | Switzerland | 1964[37] |
37 | Rwanda | 7 January 1965[38] |
38 | Zambia | 7 January 1965[39] |
39 | North Korea | 13 January 1965[40] |
40 | Vietnam | 14 February 1965[41] |
41 | Finland | 14 June 1965[42] |
42 | Morocco | 8 October 1965[43] |
43 | Ghana | 20 December 1965[44] |
44 | Liberia | 27 May 1966[45] |
45 | Austria | 31 August 1966[46] |
46 | Syria | 13 September 1966[47] |
47 | Guinea | 22 December 1966[48] |
48 | Albania | 1966[49] |
49 | Mongolia | 17 January 1967[50] |
50 | Pakistan | 20 February 1967[51] |
51 | Spain | 23 February 1967[52] |
— | Holy See | 28 April 1968[53] |
52 | Tunisia | 2 December 1968[54] |
53 | Senegal | 22 August 1969[55] |
54 | Brazil | 5 January 1970[56] |
55 | Lesotho | 23 January 1970[57] |
56 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2 July 1970[58] |
57 | Guyana | 28 December 1970[59] |
58 | Barbados | 8 March 1971[60] |
59 | Jamaica | 6 April 1971[61] |
60 | Chile | 12 June 1971[62] |
61 | Sierra Leone | 3 November 1971[63] |
62 | Botswana | 29 November 1971[64] |
63 | Greece | 29 November 1971[65] |
64 | Yemen | April 1972[66] |
65 | Cameroon | August 1972[67] |
66 | United Arab Emirates | 8 January 1973[68] |
67 | Kuwait | 19 January 1973[69] |
68 | Mexico | 19 February 1973[70] |
69 | Iraq | 15 April 1973[71] |
70 | Madagascar | 28 June 1973[72] |
71 | Sri Lanka | July 1973[73] |
72 | Eswatini | 20 February 1974[74] |
73 | Argentina | 7 March 1974[75] |
74 | Nepal | 10 January 1975[76] |
75 | Portugal | 1 April 1975[77] |
76 | Libya | 15 April 1975[78] |
77 | Mozambique | 25 June 1975[79] |
78 | Peru | 12 July 1975[80] |
79 | Comoros | 1976[81] |
80 | Iceland | 1977[82] |
81 | Laos | 15 May 1978[83] |
82 | Suriname | 30 June 1978[84] |
83 | Bahrain | 1978[85] |
84 | Benin | 25 May 1979[86] |
85 | Ireland | 3 December 1979[87] |
86 | Cyprus | 1979[88] |
87 | Cape Verde | 11 March 1980[89] |
88 | Papua New Guinea | 29 March 1980[90][91] |
89 | Zimbabwe | 30 April 1980[92] |
90 | Djibouti | 3 December 1980[93] |
91 | Singapore | 12 December 1980[94] |
92 | Thailand | 30 December 1980[84] |
93 | Nicaragua | December 1980[95] |
94 | Oman | 9 January 1981[84] |
95 | Angola | 25 August 1981[96] |
96 | Republic of the Congo | 22 October 1981[97] |
97 | Colombia | 28 October 1981[98] |
98 | New Zealand | 7 December 1981[99] |
99 | Venezuela | 11 December 1981[100] |
100 | Qatar | 13 December 1982[101] |
101 | Iran | 13 October 1982[102] |
102 | Bangladesh | 10 November 1983[103] |
103 | Kenya | 13 December 1983[104] |
104 | Uganda | 13 December 1983[105] |
105 | Saudi Arabia | 11 April 1984[106] |
106 | Togo | 27 December 1984[107] |
107 | Guinea-Bissau | 1984[108] |
108 | Malawi | 16 May 1985[109] |
109 | Seychelles | 11 November 1986[84] |
110 | Vanuatu | 18 December 1986[84] |
111 | Uruguay | 1 April 1987[84] |
112 | Maldives | 11 August 1988[84] |
113 | Namibia | 1990[110] |
— | State of Palestine | 1990[111] |
114 | Armenia | 22 April 1992[112] |
115 | South Korea | 30 April 1992[113] |
116 | Ukraine | 8 July 1992[114] |
117 | Slovakia | 1 January 1993[115] |
118 | Slovenia | 4 June 1993[116] |
119 | Croatia | 2 July 1993[117] |
120 | Lithuania | 11 November 1993[118] |
121 | South Africa | 18 July 1994[119] |
122 | Cambodia | 8 March 1995[120] |
123 | Belarus | 23 May 1996[121] |
124 | Estonia | 24 July 1996[122] |
125 | North Macedonia | 22 January 1997[123] |
126 | Latvia | 28 November 1997[124] |
127 | Brunei | 6 October 2000[125] |
128 | Mauritius | 22 May 2007[126] |
129 | Eritrea | 31 July 2007[127] |
130 | Georgia | Before 2012[128] |
131 | Malaysia | 31 March 2014[129] |
— | Kosovo | 2 April 2014[130] |
132 | Jordan | 3 June 2015[131] |
133 | Malta | 11 June 2015[84] |
134 | Ecuador | 16 June 2015[84] |
135 | Mauritania | 1 September 2015[132] |
136 | South Sudan | 11 April 2016[133] |
137 | Fiji | 26 May 2016[84] |
138 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 25 January 2019[84] |
139 | Azerbaijan | 7 February 2019[84] |
140 | Kazakhstan | 13 February 2019[84] |
141 | Gambia | 25 April 2019[134] |
142 | Central African Republic | 8 November 2019[135] |
143 | Burkina Faso | 25 August 2021[136] |
144 | Algeria | Unknown |
145 | Chad | Unknown |
146 | Equatorial Guinea | Unknown |
147 | Gabon | Unknown |
148 | Lebanon | Unknown |
149 | Luxembourg | Unknown |
150 | Niger | Unknown |
— | Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Unknown |
Bilateral relations
editAfrica
editCountry | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Algeria |
| |
Burundi | 1963 | See Burundi–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when has been appointed first Ambassador of Burundi to Tanzania Mr Joseph Mahenehene.[137] |
Comoros | 1976 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations in the middle of 1976.[138] Tanzania contributed about 750 troops in the 2008 invasion of Anjouan.
|
Egypt | 14 November 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1962 when has been accredited Ambassador of United Arab Republic (Egypt) to Tanganyika with residence in Dar es Salaam Mr. Mustafa F. El-Essawi.[139] |
Ethiopia | 1 June 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1964 when Ethiopia's Ambassador Ato Mekasha, presents his credentials[140]
|
Kenya | 13 December 1983 | See Kenya–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1983[141] |
Malawi | 16 May 1985 | See Malawi–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 May 1985[142]
|
Mozambique | 25 June 1975 | See Mozambique–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975[143]
|
Namibia |
| |
Nigeria |
| |
Rwanda | 7 January 1965 | See Rwanda–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Tanzania (resident in Kampala) Mr. Musabyimana Malachie[144]
|
South Africa | 18 July 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1994[145]
|
Uganda | 13 December 1983 | See Tanzania–Uganda relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1983 when Uganda and Tanzania agree to upgrade their liaison offices in each other's capitals to ambassadorial level[146]
|
Zambia | 7 January 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 when Zambia's first High Commissioner to Tanzania , Mr. A. M. Simbule presented his credentials to President Nyerere[147]
|
Zimbabwe | 30 April 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first High Commissioner of Tanzania to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.[148]
|
Americas
editCountry | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 7 March 1974 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 March 1974[149]
|
Brazil | 5 January 1970 | See Brazil–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1970[150]
|
Canada | 9 December 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[151]
|
Cuba | 6 April 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1962[152]
|
Mexico | 19 February 1973 | See Mexico–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic elations on 19 February 1973[153]
|
United States | 9 December 1961 | See Tanzania–United States relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[154] The U.S. Government provides assistance to Tanzania to support programs in the areas of health, environment, democracy, and development of the private sector. The U.S. Agency for International Development's program in Tanzania averages about $20 million per year. The Peace Corps program, revitalised in 1979, provides assistance in education through the provision of teachers. Peace Corps also is assisting in health and environment sectors. Currently, about 147 volunteers are serving in Tanzania. First Lady Laura Bush visited Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar in mid-July 2005.
|
Asia
editCountry | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
China | 9 December 1961 | See China–Tanzania relations
China established diplomatic relations with Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 9 December 1961 and 11 December 1963 respectively.[157] When Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united and became Tanzania on 26 April 1964, it is natural for China to extend its diplomatic ties with it.[158] Tanzania has had good relations with the People's Republic of China over the past 30 years, recently receiving the Chinese president (February 2009). This relationship is linked with bi-lateral co-operation including the TAZARA Railway project on the Tanzanian mainland.
|
India | 9 December 1961 | See India–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[159] |
Indonesia | 25 January 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1964.[162]
|
Israel | 20 December 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 December 1961.[163] Tanzania broken off diplomatic relations with Israel 19 October 1973.[164] Diplomatic relations were re-establish on 24 February 1995.[165]
|
Japan | 1961 |
Diplomatic relations between Japan and Tanganyika were established on Tanganyika independence of 9 December 1961 . When Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united and became Tanzania on 26 April 1964, diplomatic ties were automatically extended to cover the union.
|
Malaysia | See Malaysia–Tanzania relations
| |
Palestine | 1973 |
Tanzania officially recognised Palestine as a sovereign state on 24 November 1988.[167] In October 2011, Tanzanian Foreign Minister Bernard Membe affirmed that his country would give everything required to support Palestine in gaining membership within the United Nations and any other international organisation.[168] |
Qatar | 13 December 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1982[169]
|
Saudi Arabia | 11 April 1984 | See Saudi Arabia–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1984[170] |
South Korea | 30 April 1992 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1992[171] High-level Exchanges 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Han Wan-sang 1994 October Special Envoy of the President Hong Soon-young 1999 April Minister for Trade Han Duck-soo 2005 January Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ban Ki-moon 2005 December Special Envoy oh the President Kwon Jin-ho 2006 May Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ban Ki-moon 2009 March Chairman of Korea Foundation Lim Sung-jun 2009 August Chairman of Truth and Reconciliation Commission Ahn Byung-wook 2010 May Deputy Prime Minister Park Young-joon.[172]
|
Thailand | 30 December 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1980[173]
|
Turkey | 5 July 1963 | See Tanzania–Turkey relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1963 when accredited first Ambassador of Turkey to Tanganyika (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Mehmed Osman Dostel.[174]
|
United Arab Emirates | See Tanzania–United Arab Emirates relations | |
Vietnam | 14 February 1965 | See Tanzania–Vietnam relations
Both countries have signed diplomatic missions on 14 February 1965[176]
|
Europe
editCountry | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Belgium | 21 August 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1962.[177]
|
Denmark | 8 December 1964 | See Denmark–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1964 when first Denmark's ambassador to Tanzania Birger Abrahamson presented his credentials to President Nyerere[178]
|
Finland |
| |
France | 22 December 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1961[179]
|
Germany | 9 December 1961 | See Germany–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[180]
|
Ireland | 3 December 1979 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1979[181]
|
Italy | 9 December 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961 when open Embassy of Italy in Dar es Salaam with accredited Charge d'Affaires of Italy to Tanganyika Mr. Luciano Falco[182]
|
Netherlands | 31 March 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1962 when first Ambassador of the Netherlands to Tanganyika (resident in Khartoum) presented his credentials[183]
|
Poland | 15 January 1962 | See Poland–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1962[184]
|
Portugal | See Portugal–Tanzania relations
| |
Russia | 11 December 1961 | See Russia–Tanzania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 December 1961[185]
|
Spain | 23 February 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1967[187]
|
Sweden | 29 May 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1964 when Mr. Otto Gustaf Rathsman presented his credentials as Sweden's Ambassador to the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to President Nyerere.[188]
|
Ukraine | 8 July 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1992[189] |
United Kingdom | 22 April 1964 | See Tanzania–United Kingdom relations
Tanzania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 22 April 1964.[28]
The UK governed Tanganyika from 1916 to 1961, when Tanganyika achieved full independence; the UK governed Zanzibar from 1890 to 1963, when Zanzibar achieved full independence. Both countries unified on 26 April 1964 to become Tanzania. Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,[191] and a High Level Prosperity Partnership.[192] |
Oceania
editCountry | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 11 May 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 1962 when Mr. A. F. Dingle has been appointed as Acting High Commissioner in the Australian High Commission to be established in Tanganyika[193]
|
New Zealand | 7 December 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1981 when first New Zealand High Commissioner to Tanzania (resident in Athens) Mr. Paul Cotton presented his credentials[194]
|
International organisation participation
editAU, ACP, AfDB, C, EAC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PMAESA SADC, United Nations (see Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.
Tanzania and the Commonwealth of Nations
editTanzania has been a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations since 1964, when the Republic of Tanganyika and the People's Republic of Zanzibar united after the Zanzibar Revolution.
International trips made by presidents of Tanzania
editJakaya Kikwete
editJohn Magufuli
editJohn Magufuli made a 10 International trips to 8 countries during his presidency. Magufuli famously was the first Tanzania president to not travel outside of Africa. The president cracked down on large foreign delegations and usually sent his Vice-President Samia Suluhu Hassan to represent him. The president served six years and made the least international official visits than any of his predecessors.
All his visits were bilateral except he attended one African Union Heads of State Summit in Ethiopia and another East African Community heads of state summit in Uganda.
Samia Suluhu
editSamia Suluhu made her first international trip in April 2021 since she began her presidency on 19 March 2021. Once president she aimed to regain the country's former position in the international community and began to embark on foreign trips.
See also
editReferences
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- ^ Relazioni Internazionali, Volume 25 (in Italian). Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale. 1961. p. 819.
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... 20. Tanganyika H.E. Sayed El Amin Mohamed El Amin . Ambassador
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... 13 septembre ETABLISSEMENT DE RELATIONS DIPLOMATIQUES , au rang d'ambassade , avec la Tanzanie et le Niger ( Ba'th , 14 septembre )
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Guinea H.E. Mr. F. Cissoko 22.12.66
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Pakistan H.E. Mr. M. R. Ahmed 20.2.67
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Botswana H.E. MR. E.M. Ontumetse 29.11.71 (Resident in Lusaka)
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Greece H.E. MR. Michael Mouzas 29.11.71 (Resident in Nairobi)
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8 janvier. — La Tanzanie et Etat des Emirats arabes unis ont décidé de nouer des relations diplomatiques au niveau des ambassadeurs.
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