Talk:Ten Great Campaigns

WP:MilHist Assessment

A nice start, certainly more than a stub. But each individual section is quite short. There are no pictures or infoboxes at all, and no references/external links/see also sections at the end. LordAmeth 10:52, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

One to Ten

The article is called "Ten Great Campaigns". Yet, the mentions did not add up to 10. So, here they are (according to Mark C. Elliott in his book Emperor QianLong, Son of Heaven, Man of the World which is part of the Library of World Biography): 1st JinChuan campaign (1747-49), 1st Dzungar campaign (1755), 2nd Dzungar campaign (1756-57), Kashgar/Khoja campaign (1757-59), Burma campaign (1767-71), 2nd JinChuan campaign (1771-76), Taiwan campaign (1787-88), Vietnam campaign (1786-89), 1st Gurkha campaign (1790), and 2nd Gurkha campaign (1792).--VimalaNowlis (talk) 06:10, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Only victorious

Not all of these campaigns ended with Manchu victorious, such as Vietnam where the Manchu army was defeated. 207.233.70.79 (talk) 17:24, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Except Burma and Vietnam?

Just updated the results to "Qing victory except in Burma". Should that be "Qing victory except in Burma and Vietnam"? I know that Qianlong suffered a defeat in Vietnam as well. But I don't know the details to make a conclusive claim. The Burmese definitely did not pay tribute. But did the sino-centric Vietnamese pay tribute afterwards? Or did the Qing simply claim tribute whenever a smaller kingdom sent an embassy? Hybernator (talk) 02:27, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

The Vietnamese did pay tribute afterwards. The Burmese campaign resulted in Siam and Annam paying tribute and eventually the Konbaung Empire of Burma ended up paying tribute. This seems to have been as a result of Burmese political isolation and perhaps little to do with the campaign itself, never the less the Burmese ended up paying tribute to China. After the Nepal campaign Bhutan and Nepal payed tribute. After the three campaigns in East Turkestan the Kyrgyz people and what remained of the Durrani Afghan Empire also began to pay tribute to China. -Cauca50 Cauca50 (talk) 22:57, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

sources for the Qing war with the Dzungghar Khanate

http://books.google.com/books?id=4Zm_Bj6zc7EC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&pg=PA54&#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA334#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DYHfVVAAf_kC&pg=PA36#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=sTbRAAAAMAAJ&q=ujen+cooha&dq=ujen+cooha&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iIrBVMOIKYOuggTQloP4BQ&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCTgo

Qing proclamation of incorporating the Zunghar's land into China.

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qFH-53_VnEC&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA503#v=onepage&q&f=false

Chinese resettlement of turkic muslims (taranchi) from the tarim basin into ili

http://books.google.com/books?id=J4L-_cjmSqoC&pg=PA351#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=5p_rjMLgj_8C&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false

Imin Khwaja (Emin Khoja)

http://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&pg=PA54&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=EtNVMUx9qIIC&pg=PA121&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_leHhzKlI7kC&pg=PA221&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=dk12I01qTPUC&pg=PA211&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=J4L-_cjmSqoC&pg=PA332&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=C7n7dOkmOJUC&pg=PA58&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA228&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

page 22

the 1670s. In 1720 when, the Ch'ing forces finally marched into Turfan, Akhon Emin Khoja submitted to the Ch'ing emperor K'ang-hsi (r. 1662-1722) and brought along the city of Lukchun, one of the major towns of Turfan. Incessantly harassed by Junghars, Emin Khoja was forced to lead more than 8,000 Uighur inhabitants of Lukchun eastward and establish a settlement in

http://books.google.com/books?id=8O8VAQAAMAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ShEVUsacAZKe9QS7woD4Bg&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCQ

page 181

From a distance we could see the tall, tapering silhouette of the minaret. Built by the Uighur architect Ibrahim in 1777 in memory of the Muslim ruler Emin Khoja, it struck me as the most beautiful building I had ever seen. There were no tiles, ...

http://books.google.com/books?id=yjkwAQAAIAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCTgK

page 141

Emin Minaret This minaret three kilometres (two miles) east of the city is one of the architectural gems of the Silk Road. Started in 1777 at the behest of the ruler, Emin Khoja, it was completed in 1778 by his son Suleman, for whom it is also ...

http://books.google.com/books?id=JOlVAAAAYAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgU

Also called the Sugong Tower, it was built by Suleman in 1776 in the memory of Emin Khoja, the prefectural king of Turfan. The pillar with a huge base tapers gradually to the top like a cone. Its surface was decorated with grey sun-dried bricks ...

http://books.google.com/books?id=XNszAQAAIAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjgK

It has another name " tho Er»irlKh»jaJji§ti^de-debt Paying Tower" , for the local ruler, Emin Khoja, was honoured with title of the Zhengguo Duke and Turfan Prince by Emperor Qianlong for his contribution to the victory over rebellions and to ...

http://books.google.com/books?id=RrQdAQAAMAAJ&q=emin+khoja&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=azUVUuu1NfH64AOG6oCoDQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBTgK

In French

http://books.google.com/books?id=_NX3uRdDswAC&pg=PA210&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CGEQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=sEBIumVU_y8C&pg=PA309&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=hSKPThdI9FYC&pg=PA222&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AYQM8yb4uRAC&pg=PA494&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAzgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=Xw8KbNzPw0MC&pg=PA135&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

In Malay

http://books.google.com/books?id=w5te3TAENygC&pg=PA371&dq=emin+khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-DUVUtCOLvXI4AP4sYDQCw&ved=0CGkQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=emin%20khoja&f=false

Primary sources (put into wikisource)

http://books.google.com/books?id=KGlJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA681#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=gAMoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA642#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=h1AKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA642#v=onepage&q&f=false

Dzungaria was absorbed into China

The Qing identified their state as "China" (Zhongguo), and referred to it as "Dulimbai Gurun" in Manchu. The Qing equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Manchuria, Dzungaria in Xinjiang, Mongolia, and other areas as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi ethnic state.

https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf

When the Qing conquered Dzungaria in the Ten_Great_Campaigns#The_Zunghars_and_pacification_of_Xinjiang_.281755.E2.80.931759.29, they proclaimed that their land was absorbed into "China".

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qFH-53_VnEC&pg=PA77&dq=Dulimbai+gurun+land&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jEHtUunnIIvksASBzIEQ&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun%20land&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qFH-53_VnEC&pg=PA83&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA503&dq=steppes+mountains+rivers+Dzungar+unified+with+china&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5UHtUuvvCcu_sQStu4HYBw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=steppes%20mountains%20rivers%20Dzungar%20unified%20with%20china&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&pg=PA503&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_0LtUoGlNMTCywHW0ICAAg&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

In many other Manchu records they refer to their state as China and as Manchus as inhabitants of China, and when they refer to the Qing in conparison with other lands, they use "China"

http://books.google.com/books?id=qlJpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA205&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=t2JTJW0X6LkC&pg=PA205&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=J4L-_cjmSqoC&pg=PA218&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=90LtUpuHEaSMyAHAl4DoDA&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=zqVug_wN4hEC&pg=PA102&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m0PtUtv-OIOTyQHX8YCwAQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=Dw9gYo4Pk0MC&pg=PA211&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA304&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iT7tUsrhM4bhyQH_04HYBg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=TmhtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA80&dq=Dulimbai+gurun&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-0PtUoKZEKWgyAH8oIHgBQ&ved=0CF0Q6AEwCTge#v=onepage&q=Dulimbai%20gurun&f=false

19:11, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

Jinchuan

Manchu hymn chanted at the occasion of the victory over the Jinchuan Rebels

http://www.manchustudiesgroup.org/2012/12/18/manchu-hymn-chanted-at-the-occasion-of-the-victory-over-the-jinchuan-rebels/

21:52, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

Finances

http://books.google.com/books?id=F3baSe8QlPUC&pg=PA308#v=onepage&q&f=false

Hui Muslim General Xu Shiheng

Xu Shiheng was a Hui Muslim Qing General who was killed in action against the Vietnamese.

zh:許世亨

Page 84

http://books.google.com/books?id=lqtxAAAAMAAJ&q=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+.Guoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+in+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty.&dq=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+.Guoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+in+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rwQ6U6OyK67QsQSsyIDQCg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA

Page 84

http://books.google.com/books?id=L9xwAAAAMAAJ&q=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+£uoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+In+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty+.%3E-+The+...&dq=Xu+Shiheng.+a+general+from+Sichuan+was+sent+to+Tengyue+in+southwestern+Yunnan:+and+Ha+£uoxing+from+Hebei+was+sent+to+join+two+military+expeditions+to+Burma.+These+Muslim+soldiers+also+settled+In+Yunnan+after+their+military+duty+.%3E-+The+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xAQ6U8_LHoursAT_1YDgCQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA

00:18, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Turfan and Hami Uyghurs supported the Qing against the Dzungars and the Khoja brothers

https://books.google.com/books?id=NKCU3BdeBbEC&pg=PA25

https://books.google.com/books?id=KTmO416hNQ8C&pg=PA15&dq=1754+banners+qianlong&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mNuXVJyDCIP7ggT38IDICg&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=1754%20banners%20qianlong&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA100#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA200#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3107653?seq=10

• Kim, Kwangmin (2008). Saintly Brokers: Uyghur Muslims, Trade, and the Making of Qing Central Asia, 1696--1814. University of California, Berkeley. ISBN 978-1109101263. Retrieved 10 March 2014.

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA146#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA147#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA308&dq=Turfan+Khoja+military+contribution+Qing+campaign+Zunghar+Kashgar+Khoja&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ppZqU9v4Ney6yAHa7oCQCQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Turfan%20Khoja%20military%20contribution%20Qing%20campaign%20Zunghar%20Kashgar%20Khoja&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=MC6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA159#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA301#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA105

https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA106

https://books.google.com/books?id=DpeQhJ3hcwsC&pg=PA107

http://www.jstor.org/stable/23263579

Chinese articles for conquest of Dzungaria and Altishahr

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/平定準噶爾

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/大小和卓之亂

First Oirat–Manchu War

Primary sources for war against the Khojas

http://books.google.com/books?id=WbhAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA342#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=5hVBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA322#v=onepage&q&f=false

• Kim, Kwangmin (2008). Saintly Brokers: Uyghur Muslims, Trade, and the Making of Qing Central Asia, 1696--1814. University of California, Berkeley. ISBN 978-1109101263. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
• Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231139243. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

Rajmaan (talk) 07:58, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

"See also: Stalin's ten blows (1944)"

Why is this considered a related topic? Just because it also includes "ten"? 173.166.156.77 (talk) 19:31, 2 October 2015 (UTC)

• Yeah that's weird. I'll remove it. Rwenonah (talk) 19:53, 2 October 2015 (UTC)

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Gurkha link

Gurkha links to the rather recent Gurkha soldiers. Kingdom of Nepal might be the correct state that is involved. Maybe someone with more intimate knowledge of regional history can comment on this? --Jadephx (talk) 19:49, 22 July 2021 (UTC)