Talk:Speech production

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Amandafoort, Rae.uofa. Peer reviewers: Beccabouma, Clfergus.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:59, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Redirect change

I have changed the redirect so it points to speech rather than to manner of articulation. It made no sense to redirect to a page describing a minor subtopic. I am also changing the link in speech that points to this (non-existent) article. --TimothyMills (talk) 11:20, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Ten OR Twelve?

"Ten or twelve" phonemes per second does not sound very scientfic. It can't be nine or eleven or thirteen? I believe it should read "ten to twelve" phonemes per second. Caeruleancentaur (talk) 12:54, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

I have the cited article on hand and that is a direct quote so I have not changed it here. Paula Marentette (talk) 03:21, 25 November 2013 (UTC)

Three Stages

This information provides a strong addition to the article. I have made a few edits. I would encourage you to think about the following more substantive ideas.

1. Should the section be called Three Stages? I don't know if Levelt uses the word stage but it is quite meaningful in psychology in general. You use the words level and process as well as stage in the text itself. I think you should pick a term and use it consistently.
2. I think you should reconsider the section heading to make it as accurate as possible.
3. A question that arises is whether "the message" is one lemma at a time or whether the conceptualization process addresses whole phrases. In this section, both are clearly relevant. A message is rarely only one word/lemma. Syllabification requires knowledge of the words/lemmas before and after. If the formulation process only involves lemmas, when do they join to become phrases? Possibly this section requires a few more sentences to make this relationship clear.
4. Without that necessarily being my intention, I boxed the syllabification example. It does nicely separate the example from the text, but I think places far too much emphasis on it. I have left it for now but am not at all committed to this, feel free to undo!

Paula Marentette (talk) 03:18, 25 November 2013 (UTC)

The edits so far all depended on a single source, this is an internatioal encyclopedia, which requires multiple international sources. So more sources than just Levelt and provide secondary review citations please. Is there a sandbox being used for this students work so that comparisons can be made between their work and the orignal article content. dolfrog (talk) 10:58, 25 November 2013 (UTC)

Wikiproject Psychology
It seems this page is not part of the WikiProject Psychology but that seems like an oversight. Perhaps part of the improvements that can be made to this page include its categorization in that project. Marentette (talk) 18:19, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

Development in Speech Production

I plan to do the stages that aid in the development of speech production throughout an individuals life. Starting from infants and working all the way up to adults. I will discuss how individuals speech production starts from babbling and ends with fully developed speech. The first stage of speech doesn't occur until around age one (holophrastic phase). Between the ages of one and a half and two and a half the telegraphic phase begins. This is where short sentences are produced. After two and a half years the infant develops systems of lemmas used in speech production. Around four or five the child's lemmas are largely increased, this enhances the child's production of correct speech. By the time an individual is an adult, their speech production is fully developed. They now develop speech production in four stages: Activation of lexical concepts, select lemmas needed, morphologically and phonologically encode speech, and the word is phonetically encoded.

History of Speech Production Research, Aspects of Speech Production Models, Places of Articulation, and Speech Production Models

I plan to add sections to this article describing how speech production began, how it is understood, and what models have been theorized to attempt to encompass the knowledge of speech production that has been put forth thus far. I plan to link this information to the speech errors page in particular, and I will work to incorporate other wiki pages that better explain speech production terms.I will introduce these models and link to some of the other wiki pages created for them. I also plan to add a section that talks about the aspects of speech production models. I also have added a section on Places of Articulation that is useful to the understanding of the physical aspects of speech production. I have outlined and written my proposed changes in my sandbox. I also plan to add some images to the article to help improve clarity. This work is done as a Wiki Ed project in a University Psychology of Language Class. Amandafoort (talk) 17:00, 6 November 2015 (UTC)

Peer Edit

It looks like a lot of good information has been added to the page. Some edits I would suggest considering overall are:

• making sure tense is consistent
• replacing personal pronouns, such as "our"
• structural issues, such as spacing by bullets
• adding commas to add coherency

Intro:

• a restructuring of the sentence that begins: "In ordinary fluent conversation..." I think it would be more coherent to have "people pronounce roughly four syllables each second...", rather than the current structure.

Three Stages:

• Overall, this seems like a great section. It is clear and concise.

Neuroscience:

• Information about the differences in left-handed individuals could be beneficial to add.

History of Speech Production Research:

• For point #3, I think a clearer definition of morphemes could be advantageous.

Aspects of Speech Production Models:

• Does "speech production" have to be capitalized when it is not a title?
• "criticized for overlooking one" or is it "one or more"? Just a thought. I don't know the answer.
• Consistency between the lettered bullets and the space before the following sentence

Models of Speech Production:

The Utterance Generator Model of Speech Production:

• I would be interested in knowing the major sections that this model was criticized for.

The Garrett Model:

• "A more recent attempt to explain... was published by Garrett"
• Perhaps inclusion of explanations of "functional and positional levels" could aid understanding.

Dell's Model:

• Clarification: "the words at the top" --- the words at the top of what? or the words at the top what?

Levelt Model:

• reposition comma to be after, rather than before, "which" in the sentence that begins, "The lowest and final level..."

Places of Articulation:

• Consider rephrasing the "As infants..." sentence to simply say "It is suggested that infants are capable..."

Development:

• I think grammar corrections in this section could add a lot of clarity. Consider adding commas to sentences, expanding contractions, and rethinking certain word choices or structuring.
• I am a bit confused about the object permanence part. Some more explanation might help clarify.
• Perhaps some explanation as to what a "word gesture" is would be beneficial.

The additions look like they've added a lot of depth! I hope these suggestions are helpful!

Beccabouma (talk) 05:41, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

Peer Edit Changes

According to the peer edit, I did make the proposed changes( ByBeccabouma) to the sections that I previously worked on or added. I restructured the intro sentence as suggested above, added a brief definition of morpheme, linked that point to the wiki page for morpheme, fixed the capitalization of speech production, added “or more” because it is true that some of the models disregarded more than one of these aspects (I checked with the original source), changed the bullet formatting to have consistent spacing, adjusted the first sentence of the Garrett Model sub-section, clarified the Dell Model “top of what” question, moved the comma in the Levelt section to follow “which” in the final sentence, and rephrased the highlighted section of Places of Articulation to the above suggestion.I did not add information about the major sections of the fromkin model that it was criticized for or change the (perhaps lacking) explanations of "functional and positional levels" in the Garrett Model because the source does not, so this sentence has been removed for lack of support. I did not edit or make changes to “Neuroscience”, “Three Stages”, or the “development” sections as I did not work on them previously, but I do agree those changes could be beneficial. Thanks Amandafoort (talk) 23:17, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

Peer Edit #2

Really interesting topic :) and fun to red. Great work here. I just have a few grammatical edits and some possible suggestions for formatting.

Intro:

• "Speech production is the process by which spoken words are selected to be produced" is almost using a passive voice. I found it difficult to read. Consider changing it to "Speech production is the process of selecting and producing spoken words"
• The phrase "such as when" is used a few times in this section and it's a bit confusing perhaps the phrase "as seen in" etc. could be used to replace this.
• Beccabouma commented on this as well but the sentence "in ordinary fluent conversation people pronounce each second..." is a bit odd perhaps "In an average conversation people pronounce roughly four syllables a second" ?

Three Stages:

• Marentette made this comment on my post (so you may have to ask her or she can back me up) that when you cite multiple sources as you did in the first sentence of the three stages section you might want to say that "many authors agree..." Just so it doesn't seem like you're synthesizing these three sources into your own interpretation.
• I would consider making each stage a sub-heading just for aesthetics sake

Neuroscience:

• I agree with Beccabouma here in that you may want to mention something about left handed people just to round out your information.

History:

• Probably don't need to capitalize Speech Error research
• Maybe add in a sentence to introduce your list. "Some of these ideas include:" etc.

Aspects:

• Again I agree with Beccabouma (she's so brilliant) that you might want to say one or more or if you do mean one specific stage is missing in many models mention that specific stage.

Models:

• Maybe briefly mention what gaps the Garrett Model filled in
• When you say "the words at the top" reference the image so readers know what you're referring to
• Dell's model is the only one without a year in it's heading, may want to add in the year just so it's the same as the rest.

Places of Articulation:

• Wish I could have found this textbook for you guys :( I'm sorry
• The end sentence of this section might need a citation

Development

• "When they reach two and a half years their speech production becomes an increased complex semantic structure." Do you mean an "increasingly complex semantic structure" ?
• "This is important because it is what helps them to express meaning." Perhaps clarify what "it is" means is it the child's semantic knowledge?
• "a infant" to "an infant"
• "the child lemmas" or the "the child's lemmas" ?
• "the children that have been read too" "read to" ?
• "linguistically improvised" or "linguistically impoverished" ?

Great content! Just small, minor grammar edits and possible aesthetic changes. Hope they're helpful. Clfergus (talk) 23:29, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

Changes Made According to Peer Edit #2

I have altered the article in accordance with the changes suggested by Clfergus that pertain to the sections that I have worked on. Many of these changes have already been made following Peer Edit 1. These are the changes I have made now : capitalization of Error removed in “Speech Error Research”, adding introduction to list “some of these ideas include”, alteration of the Garrett Model section to include references to the image, year of Dell Model added, added citation to places of articulation sentence as noted. Thanks Amandafoort (talk) 23:55, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

Sorry Amandafoort ! I missed your reply to Peer Edit 1. Must have posted my edits around the same time. Hope it wasn't too monotonous to read the same edits again after you had already made them! Clfergus (talk) 00:09, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

That's okay Clfergus. I think we must have been writing at the same time. And, a lot of your changes were new anyways! Always good to get a second opinion on everything. Thanks for your suggestions. Amandafoort (talk) 00:30, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

First - wow, serious expansion of this article! Some further suggestions: Is there a source for the box with the speech errors - two reasons: it appears to contain an error and I may be able to help you find it if that is the book that Clfergus is referring to.Marentette (talk) 00:58, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

MarentetteThe speech error box just came from Wikipedia, from the image upload section. It was uploaded previously by someone else. Because the user who uploaded it originally in March 2011 holds the 'copyright' and can be found by clicking below the image I didn't think I needed to cite it again. I thought it was a good illustrative example of speech errors, but if there's a better one in a book we can certainly switch it out. Amandafoort (talk) 16:34, 18 November 2015 (UTC)