Talk:Salar language
 | This article is rated Stub-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
Demographics edit
The numbers don't quite seem to match those in the Salar article or on the Chinese version of the Salar language page. Also, is there such an even divide between Salars who speak Salar and those who speak Chinese, with no overlap? That seems odd.
—Firespeaker 21:16, 30 January 2006 (UTC)
Salar language template edit
If you are a native speaker of Salar then you can help translate this template into your own language:
| slr | Bu kişicuğuŋ ama dili Salırçadır. |
Arabic script edit
Table of salar arabic script Nizrenlyi (talk) 19:44, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
Salar pinyin based romanization edit
http://www.sino-platonic.org/abstracts/spp043_salar.html
Nizrenlyi (talk) 03:51, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
consonants (initials) edit
| Pinyin | IPA | English approximation | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | [p] | spit | unaspirated p, as in spit |
| p | [pʰ] | pay | strongly aspirated p, as in pit |
| m | [m] | may | as in English mummy |
| f | [f] | fair | as in English fun |
| d | [t] | stop | unaspirated t, as in stop |
| t | [tʰ] | take | strongly aspirated t, as in top |
| n | [n] | nay | as in English nit |
| l | [l] | lay | as in English love |
| l | /ð/ | those | as in English the |
| g | [k] | skill | unaspirated k, as in skill |
| g | /ɣ/ | no equivalent in english | "thicker and deeper" version of g |
| k | [kʰ] | kay | strongly aspirated k, as in kill |
| h | [x] | loch | roughly like the Scots ch. English h as in hay or hot is an acceptable approximation. |
| j | [tɕ] | hatch | No equivalent in English. Like q, but unaspirated. Not the s in Asia, despite the common English pronunciation of "Beijing". The sequence "ji" word-initially is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of じ(ジ) ji. |
| q | [tɕʰ] | cheek | No equivalent in English. Like cheek, with the lips spread wide with ee. Curl the tip of the tongue downwards to stick it at the back of the teeth and strongly aspirate. The sequence "qi" word-initially is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of ち(チ) chi. |
| x | [ɕ] | she | No equivalent in English. Like she, with the lips spread and the tip of your tongue curled downwards and stuck to the back of teeth when you say ee. The sequence "xi" is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of し(シ) shi. |
| zh | [tʂ] | junk | Rather like ch (a sound between choke, joke, true, and drew, tongue tip curled more upwards). Voiced in a toneless syllable. |
| ch | [tʂʰ] | church | as in chin, but with the tongue curled upwards; very similar to nurture in American English, but strongly aspirated. |
| sh | [ʂ] | shirt | as in shoe, but with the tongue curled upwards; very similar to marsh in American English |
| r | [ʐ], [ɻ] | ray | Similar to the English z in azure and r in reduce, but with the tongue curled upwards, like a cross between English "r" and French "j". In Cyrillised Chinese the sound is rendered with the letter "ж". |
| z | [ts] | reads | unaspirated c, similar to something between suds and cats; as in suds in a toneless syllable |
| c | [tsʰ] | hats | like the English ts in cats, but strongly aspirated, very similar to the Czech and Polish c. |
| s | [s] | say | as in sun |
| y | [j], [ɥ] | yea | as in yes. Before a u, pronounce it with rounded lips.* |
| w | [w] | way | as in water.* |
| v | [v] | vitamin | as in very. |
vowels (finals) edit
| Pinyin | IPA | Form with zero initial | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | [ɑ] | a | as in "father" |
| o | [ɔ] | (n/a) | Approximately as in "office" in British accent; the lips are much more rounded. |
| e | [ɯ̯ʌ], [ə] | e | a diphthong consisting first of a back, unrounded semivowel (which can be formed by first pronouncing "w" and then spreading the lips without changing the position of the tongue) followed by a vowel similar to English "duh". Many unstressed syllables in Chinese use the schwa [ə] (idea), and this is also written as e. |
| i | [i] | yi | like English bee. |
| u | [u] | wu | like English "oo" |
| ai | [aɪ̯] | ai | like English "eye", but a bit lighter |
| ei | [eɪ̯] | ei | as in "hey" |
| ui | [u̯eɪ̯] | wei | as u + ei; |
| ao | [ɑʊ̯] | ao | approximately as in "cow"; the a is much more audible than the o |
| iu | [i̯ɤʊ̯] | you | as i + ou |
| ie | [i̯ɛ] | ye | as i + ê; but is very short; e (pronounced like ê) is pronounced longer and carries the main stress (similar to the initial sound ye in yet) |
| an | [an] | an | as in "ban" in British English (a more open fronted a) |
| en | [ən] | en | as in "taken" |
| in | [in] | yin | as i + n |
| un | [yn] | yun | as ü + n; |
| ang | [ɑŋ] | ang | as in German Angst (starts with the vowel sound in father and ends in the velar nasal; like song in some dialects of American English) |
| eng | [əŋ] | eng | like e in en above but with ng added to it at the back |
| ing | [iŋ] | ying | as i + ng |
| ong | [ʊŋ], [u̯əŋ] | weng | starts with the vowel sound in book and ends with the velar nasal sound in sing; as u + eng in zero initial. |
draft edit
| Pinyin | IPA | Form with zero initial | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| -i | [ɨ] | (n/a) | -i is a buzzed continuation of the consonant following z-, c-, s-, zh-, ch-, sh- or r-. (In all other cases, -i has the sound of bee; this is listed below.) |
| a | [ɑ] | a | as in "father" |
| e | [ɯ̯ʌ], [ə] | e | a diphthong consisting first of a back, unrounded semivowel (which can be formed by first pronouncing "w" and then spreading the lips without changing the position of the tongue) followed by a vowel similar to English "duh". Many unstressed syllables in Chinese use the schwa [ə] (idea), and this is also written as e. |
| ai | [aɪ̯] | ai | like English "eye", but a bit lighter |
| ei | [eɪ̯] | ei | as in "hey" |
| ao | [ɑʊ̯] | ao | approximately as in "cow"; the a is much more audible than the o |
| ou | [ɤʊ̯] | ou | as in "so" |
| an | [an] | an | as in "ban" in British English (a more open fronted a) |
| en | [ən] | en | as in "taken" |
| ang | [ɑŋ] | ang | as in German Angst (starts with the vowel sound in father and ends in the velar nasal; like song in some dialects of American English) |
| eng | [əŋ] | eng | like e in en above but with ng added to it at the back |
| er | [ɑɻ] | er | similar to the sound in "bar" in American English |
| Finals beginning with i- (y-) | |||
| i | [i] | yi | like English bee. |
| ia | [i̯ɑ] | ya | as i + a; like English "yard" |
| ie | [i̯ɛ] | ye | as i + ê; but is very short; e (pronounced like ê) is pronounced longer and carries the main stress (similar to the initial sound ye in yet) |
| iao | [i̯ɑʊ̯] | yao | as i + ao |
| iu | [i̯ɤʊ̯] | you | as i + ou |
| ian | [i̯ɛn] | yan | as i + ê + n; like English yen |
| in | [in] | yin | as i + n |
| iang | [i̯ɑŋ] | yang | as i + ang |
| ing | [iŋ] | ying | as i + ng |
| Finals beginning with u- (w-) | |||
| u | [u] | wu | like English "oo" |
| ua | [u̯ɑ] | wa | as u + a |
| uo, o | [u̯ɔ] | wo | as u + o where the o (compare with the o interjection) is pronounced shorter and lighter (spelled as o after b, p, m or f). |
| uai | [u̯aɪ̯] | wai | as u + ai like as in why |
| ui | [u̯eɪ̯] | wei | as u + ei; |
| uan | [u̯an] | wan | as u + an; |
| un | [u̯ən] | wen | as u + en; like the on in the English won; |
| uang | [u̯ɑŋ] | wang | as u + ang; |
| ong | [ʊŋ], [u̯əŋ] | weng | starts with the vowel sound in book and ends with the velar nasal sound in sing; as u + eng in zero initial. |
| Finals beginning with ü- (yu-) | |||
| u, ü | [y] ⓘ | yu | as in German "über" or French "lune" (To pronounce this sound, say "ee" with rounded lips) |
| ue, üe | [y̯œ] | yue | as ü + ê; the ü is short and light |
| uan | [y̯ɛn] | yuan | as ü + ê + n; |
| un | [yn] | yun | as ü + n; |
| iong | [i̯ʊŋ] | yong | as i + ong |
| Interjections | |||
| ê | [ɛ] | (n/a) | as in "bet". |
| o | [ɔ] | (n/a) | Approximately as in "office" in British accent; the lips are much more rounded. |
| io | [i̯ɔ] | yo | as i + plain continental[clarification needed] "o". |
Salar language sources edit
Purblio (talk) 03:26, 23 October 2012 (UTC)
References
- ^ Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007). Salar: A Study in Inner Asian Language Contact Processes, Part 1 (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 6. ISBN 978-3447040914. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Contributors Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie (revised ed.). Elsevier. 2010. p. 1109. ISBN 978-0080877754. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Johanson, Lars; Utas, Bo, eds. (2000). Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages. Vol. Volume 24 of Empirical approaches to language typology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 59. ISBN 3110161583. ISSN 0933-761X. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Boeschoten, Hendrik; Rentzsch, Julian, eds. (2010). Turcology in Mainz. Vol. Volume 82 of Turcologica Series. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 279. ISBN 978-3447061131. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Turkic Languages, Volumes 1-2. Harrassowitz Verlag. 1998. pp. 50, 55, 62. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ Hickey, Raymond, ed. (2010). The Handbook of Language Contact (illustrated ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 665. ISBN 978-1405175807. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ Olson, James Stuart (1998). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 297. ISBN 0313288534. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ Yakup, Abdurishid (2005). The Turfan Dialect of Uyghur. Vol. Volume 63 of Turcologica Series (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 479. ISBN 3447052333. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Erdal, Marcel; Nevskaya, Irina, eds. (2006). Exploring the Eastern Frontiers of Turkic. Vol. Volume 60 of Turcologica Series. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. xi. ISBN 3447053100. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva, eds. (1998). The Turkic Languages. Vol. Volume 60 of Turcologica Series (illustrated, reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 400. ISBN 0415082005. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Göksel, Aslı; Kerslake, Celia, eds. (2000). Studies on Turkish and Turkic Languages: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, Lincoln College, Oxford, August 12-14, 1998. Vol. Volume 46 of Turcologica Series (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 201. ISBN 3447042931. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Volume 42, Issue 1. Contributor Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. 1988. pp. 248, 259, 260. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Johanson, Lars; Utas, Bo, eds. (2000). Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages. Vol. Volume 24 of Empirical approaches to language typology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 59. ISBN 3110161583. ISSN 0933-761X. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Johanson, Lars, ed. (1998). The Mainz Meeting: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, August 3-6, 1994. Turcologica Series. Contributor Éva Ágnes Csató. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 28. ISBN 3447038640. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
Salar script edit
This source claims that the Chinese government did try to provide the Salar with their own script, but the Salar rejected the script in favor of continuing to use Chinese characters.
http://books.google.com/books?id=DaLkNE_20a0C&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=DaLkNE_20a0C&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rajmaan (talk) 04:19, 27 February 2013 (UTC)
According to Omniglot.com, the latin script is the one officially approved by Chinese authorities. See http://www.omniglot.com/writing/salar.htm
Al'Beroya (talk) 21:09, 25 May 2013 (UTC)
- it would have been nice of omniglot to provide the actual arabic letters in unicode form rather than as an image. Nevertheless, thanks for the find. Its imperative to remove the unofficial Turkish based latin alphabet from wikipedia articles, and replace them with the pinyin based and arabic alphabets. Such as in the Xunhua Salar Autonomous County article.Rajmaan (talk) 22:30, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
References
- ^ Allatson, Paul; McCormack, Jo, eds. (2008). Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities. Vol. Volume 30 of Critical studies (illustrated ed.). Rodopi. p. 67. ISBN 978-9042024069. ISSN 0923-411X. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Allatson, Paul; McCormack, Jo, eds. (2008). Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities. Vol. Volume 30 of Critical studies (illustrated ed.). Rodopi. p. 68. ISBN 978-9042024069. ISSN 0923-411X. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help)
Salar spoken language vs literary language edit
The article confuses spoken and literary languages.
In Medieval Europe, people spoke their local languages among themselves such as Italian, French, Castilian, while not writing them down and using them ad literary languages until much later. They wrote in Latin as their literary language.
In the same way, the Salar do not have an alphabet for their own language. They only speak their language orally, and use the Chinese language to write.
http://traditions.cultural-china.com/en/127Traditions842.html
http://traditions.cultural-china.com/en/127Traditions9610.html
http://traditions.cultural-china.com/en/216T5228T11320.html
http://traditions.cultural-china.com/en/42T1565T2822.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=oWc2I03-UQIC&pg=PA39#v=onepage&q&f=false
04:24, 30 January 2014 (UTC)
References
- ^ "The Salar Nationality". cultural-china.com. Cultural China. ©2007-2014. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "China's Minority Peoples - The Salars". cultural-china.com. Cultural China. 2007–2014. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ "The Salar Ethnic Group". cultural-china.com. Cultural China. 2007–2014. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ "Pictures of Ethnic Flavor(4)". cultural-china.com. Cultural China. 2007–2014. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ Guo, Rongxing (2012). Understanding the Chinese Economies. Academic Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0123978264. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
External links modified edit
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to one external link on Salar language. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add {{cbignore}} after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add {{nobots|deny=InternetArchiveBot}} to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
- Attempted to fix sourcing for http://home.arcor.de/marcmarti/yugur/yugurol.htm
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at {{Sourcecheck}}).
This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 18 January 2022).
- If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
- If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.
Cheers.—cyberbot IITalk to my owner:Online 09:33, 31 March 2016 (UTC)
External links modified edit
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on Salar language. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
- Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071724/http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/projects/salar/salar.pdf to http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/projects/salar/salar.pdf
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 18 January 2022).
- If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
- If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 07:29, 17 January 2018 (UTC)