Name in English, and the official, national, and other important languages of the state [1] | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty [f 2] | UN membership | Dispute[f 3] | Recognition issues[f 4] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia | Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. Recognised by 4 UN members, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[3][4] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. | no | claimed by Georgia | 7 recognitions |
Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IMO. | yes | no | no |
Albania – Republic of Albania
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. | yes | no | no |
Armenia – Republic of Armenia
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IMO.
Armenia is not recognised by: Pakistan. |
yes | no | 1 non-recognition |
Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IAEA and IFAD. The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[5] | yes | no | no |
Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IFAD. | yes | no | no |
Burma – Union of Myanmar
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but UNWTO. | yes | no | no |
Côte d'Ivoire – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. | yes | no | no |
China – People's Republic of China[Note 1]
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. Commonly known as "China", the People's Republic of China (PRC) has five autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.[Note 3] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:
It also claims:
Aksai Chin, controlled by the PRC, is claimed by India as a part of Jammu and Kashmir.[Note 7] The PRC is currently not recognised by: 22 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise the ROC,[Note 8] and by the ROC itself. |
yes | claimed by Taiwan | 24 non-recognitions |
Cook Islands
|
Member of IFAD, ICAO, IMO, UNESCO, WHO, and FAO.[8] Not a UN member. In free association with New Zealand. Cook Islands shares the Realm of New Zealand, one of the Commonwealth realms,[5] with New Zealand and Niue.
Cook Islands is not recognized by: Japan and South Korea[9][10][11] |
no | no | 2 non-recognitions |
Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. Member of the EU.[Note 9] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by: Turkey and Northern Cyprus.[Note 10] | yes | no | 2 non-recognitions |
Gabon – Gabonese Republic
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. | yes | no | no |
Gambia, The – Republic of The Gambia
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IAEA. | yes | no | no |
Israel – State of Israel | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. Israel annexed East Jerusalem, and occupies the Golan Heights[12] and parts of the West Bank. These areas are not internationally-recognized as being part of Israel.[13] Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement but is still arguably considered the occupying power under International law.[14][15][16][17][18] Israel is currently not recognised as a state by: 22 members of the UN and the Sahrawi Republic.[Note 11] | yes | no | 23 non-recognitions |
Italy – Italian Republic
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. Member of the EU member.[19] Italy has 5 autonomous regions: Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[20] | yes | no | no |
Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but ILO, IMF and WBG.
North Korea is not recognised by: Japan and South Korea.[21][22] |
yes | claimed by South Korea | 2 non-recognitions |
Korea, South – Republic of Korea
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations.
South Korea has one special autonomous province: Jeju-do.[20] South Korea is not recognised by: North Korea.[21] |
yes | claimed by North Korea | 1 non-recognition |
Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo | Member of the IMF and WBG. Not a UN member. Hasn't invoked an "All States" clause so far. Recognised by 114 UN member states and by Taiwan (Republic of China). Claimed in whole by the Republic of Serbia as its Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo and limited by the functions performed under auspices of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo established by the UNSCR 1244. | no | claimed by Serbia | 76 recognitions |
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
|
Member of the UN. Member of ICJ, IAEA, ITU, UPU and WIPO. | yes | no | no |
Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. | yes | no | no |
Nagorno-Karabakh – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
|
Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. Recognised only by Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Azerbaijan.[23] | no | claimed by Azerbaijan | 3 recognitions |
Namibia – Republic of Namibia
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. | yes | no | no |
New Zealand | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but UNWTO. New Zealand shares the Realm of New Zealand, one of the Commonwealth realms,[5] with the Cook Islands and Niue. New Zealand has the dependent territories of:
The Tokelauan government has claimed sovereignty over Swains Island, part of American Samoa, a territory of the United States, at various times.[26] New Zealand does not recognize the Tokelauan claim.[27] |
yes | no | no |
Niue | Member of IFAD, UNESCO, WHO, and FAO.[28] Not a UN member. In free association with New Zealand. Niue shares the Realm of New Zealand, one of the Commonwealth realms,[5] with the Cook Islands and New Zealand.
Niue is not recognized by: Japan and South Korea[9][10][11] |
no | no | 2 non-recognitions |
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
|
Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. Recognised only by Turkey.[29] Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[30] | no | claimed by Cyprus | 1 recognition |
Norway – Kingdom of Norway | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Spitsbergen Treaty. The overseas uninhabited possessions of Bouvet Island and Jan Mayen are integral parts of Norway. Norway claims Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land as dependent territories of Norway, as part of the Norwegian Antarctic Territory.[24] | yes | no | no |
Oman – Sultanate of Oman
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. | yes | no | no |
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. Pakistan is a federation [31] composed of provinces and territories. Pakistan claims sovereignty over Kashmir (except the parts it has ceded to the People's Republic of China by treaty), and exercises control over parts of it, which have not been incorporated into Pakistan proper. These portions are divided into two polities, each of which is administered separately and possesses a local government of its own:[32] | yes | no | no |
Palau – Republic of Palau | Member of the UN. Member of ICJ, IAEA, FAO, ICAO, IMF, UNESCO, WBG and WHO. A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. | yes | no | no |
Palestine – State of Palestine[33]
|
Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization.Unilaterally declared in exile in Algiers by the Palestine Liberation Organization and recognized by over 100 countries. The State of Palestine has no control over any permanently populated territory.[note 1] The State of Palestine has no relations with the UN, but the PLO holds UN observer status[41] as non-state entity and is referred to as "Palestine".[42] The PLO also established the Palestinian National Authority interim territorial administration as result of the Oslo Accords signed by the PLO itself, Israel, United States and Russia. Currently ultimate control[43] over all of the claimed territories is still exercised by Israel,[44][45][46][47][48] but it allows the PNA to execute some functions there, depending on special area classification. Following the Fatah–Hamas conflict the PNA retained control over the West Bank, but was expelled from the Gaza Strip by Hamas. Both Palestinian Legislative Council led by Hamas and the PNA government claim to be the legitimate authority, as per the Oslo agreements, over both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Israel hasn't intervened. | no | occupied by Israel | at least 111 recognitions[f 5] |
Romania
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. Member of the EU member.[19] | yes | no | no |
Sahrawi Republic – Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
|
Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. Recognized by 81 other states.[50] The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of the Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. Western Sahara is considered by the UN to be a non-self-governing territory that is entitled to self-determination and independence, but is currently divided between Morocco and the Polisario Front, that has established the Sahrawi Republic. | no | claimed by Morocco | 57 recognitions |
Saint Lucia
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IAEA and UNWTO. Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[5] | yes | no | no |
Somalia – Republic of Somalia | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IAEA and UNWTO. Somalia officially recognized government (TFG) and groups that support it presently control only small part of the capital with the help of AMISOM and a few other areas in the central parts of the country. Puntland has declared itself an autonomous region of Somalia (a claim which the TFG does not recognise),[51] while Somaliland has declared outright independence. The rest is controlled by al-Shabaab. | yes | large scale 20 year civil war | no |
Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland | Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. Not diplomatically recognized by any other state, claimed in whole by the Somali Republic.[52] | no | claimed by Somalia | no recognitions |
Syria – Syrian Arab Republic
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations. The Golan Heights are annexed by Israel. Syria disputed the Turkish sovereignty over Hatay Province.[13] | yes | no | no |
South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia | Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. Recognised by 4 UN members, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[3] | no | claimed by Georgia | 7 recognitions |
Taiwan – Republic of China[53] | Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. UN member prior to 25 October 1971. A state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China is currently recognised by including the Holy See.[55] The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and part of the Spratly Islands,[56] and has not renounced claims over the territory of the PRC and Mongolia.[57] The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[58] | no | claimed by PR China | 23 recognitions |
Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but IMO. Tajikistan also has the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[20] | yes | no | no |
Transnistria – Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester)
|
Not a member of the UN or another Vienna formula organization. Recognized only by Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Moldova as the Territorial Unit of Transnistria.[59] | no | claimed by Moldova | 3 recognitions |
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but UNWTO. Member of the EU.[19] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[5] consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:
The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies: |
yes | no | no |
United States – United States of America | Member of the UN. Member of all Vienna formula organizations, but UNIDO and UNWTO. The United States is a federation [31] composed of 50 states, 1 federal district, and the incorporated territory of Palmyra Atoll. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:
In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island (disputed by Haiti), and Wake Island (disputed by the Marshall Islands). According to some sources, the United States also claims Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank as territories.[13] |
yes | no | no |
Vatican City – State of the Vatican City | Member of ITU, UPU, WIPO and IAEA. UN observer state.[41] Administered by the Holy See,[62] a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to 178 states. | no | no | no |
Legend for the above table:[f 1]
- Notes
- ^ a b c d According to the UN Office of Legal Affairs and the practice the United Nations Secretary General recognition as State by the international community is shown by having membership in one of the Vienna formula organizations.[2] These are the following: UN, ICJ, IAEA, FAO, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, IMF, ITU, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WBG, WHO, WIPO, WMO, UNWTO.
Some treaties explicitly refer to that arrangement, while others have an "All States" or "Any State" clause. In the latter case the practice is to utilize the same Vienna formula unless a complete list of states is provided.[2] - ^ Information is included on
- recognition as state by the international community - membership of Vienna formula organizations,[2][f 1]
- membership in supranational union, where applicable,
- head of state arrangement involving a foreign state, where applicable,
- the reason a de facto state is listed. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- any overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable,
- any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- territorial disputes,
- governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- ^ Information is included on:
- any dispute where the whole territory of a state is claimed as its own or occupied by another state.
- ^ Information is included on:
- For state that has an "All States"[f 1] clause invoked - the number of explicit non-recognitions, if any,
- For state that hasn't an "All States"[f 1] clause invoked currently - the number of explicit recognitions.
- ^ The figure for State of Palestine recognition is between 111 and "about 130". Sources for recognition by specific states are available for 111 states, and in addition there are 6 states with inconclusive or conflicting sources for a total of 117. The figure "about 130" comes from a source that doesn't specify the list of states that it includes.[49]
- References
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