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Extremes
editTitle | Brown dwarf | Year | Distance | Mass | Temperature | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nearest brown dwarf | WISE J104915.57-531906 | 2013 | 6.5 light-years (2.0 pc) | This is actually a binary pair of brown dwarfs, not bound to any other star, just to each other.[1] | ||
Farthest brown dwarf | 2001 | 850 parsecs (2,800 ly) | N/A | N/A | Several brown dwarfs were discovered in M35 (NGC 2168) [2][3] | |
Hottest brown dwarf | PPl 15 | 1996 | 135 parsecs (440 ly) | 80 MJupiter | 2800 K | [4][5] |
Coolest brown dwarf | WISE 1828+2650 | 2011 | ≤300 K | |||
Most massive brown dwarf | ||||||
Least massive brown dwarf |
Nearest brown dwarf titleholder
editBrown dwarf | Distance | Year | Mass | Temperature | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WISE J104915.57-531906 | 6.5 light-years (2.0 pc) | 2013— | [1] This is actually a binary pair of brown dwarfs, not bound to any other star, just to each other.[1] | ||
Epsilon Indi B | 12 light-years (3.7 pc) | 2011‑2013 | N/A | N/A | Returned to being the closest after the distance to WISE 1541-2250 was corrected |
WISE 1541-2250 | 9 light-years (2.8 pc) | 2011 | This brown dwarf was incorrectly determined to be 9 light years distant, but was later refined to be 19 light years distant, making its title invalid. | ||
Epsilon Indi B (a and b) | 12 light-years (3.7 pc) | 2003‑2011 | N/A | N/A | [6][7][8][9][10] This is actually a binary pair of two brown dwarfs.[11][12] It was initially discovered and later that year was found to be binary, with a cooler smaller brown dwarf companion.[13] It is the nearest binary pair of dual brown dwarfs.[14] |
DEN 1048−3956 | 13 light-years (4.0 pc) | 2000— | 60‑90 MJupiter | 2500 K | [15][16][17] |
LP 944-020 (BRI 0337−3535) |
16 light-years (4.9 pc) | 1997‑2000 | 60 MJupiter | 2200 K | [15][16][18][19][20] LP944-020 was first catalogued in 1975, but was unrecognized as a brown dwarf. It was rediscovered in 1991, and recatalogued as BRI 0337-3535. Its distance was determined in 1996. The correlation between the old and new catalogue entries was discovered in 1997. Its brown dwarf nature was also determined in 1997.[20][21] |
Gliese 229B | 19 light-years (5.8 pc) | 1995‑1997 | 30‑40 MJupiter | 900 K | [22][21][23][24] First brown dwarf accepted.[21][22] |
Coolest brown dwarf recordholder
editBrown dwarf | Temperature | Year | Mass | Distance | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WISE 1828+2650 | ≤300 K | 2011— | |||
UGPS J0722−05 | 520 K | 2010— | 5‑15 MJupiter | 4.1 parsecs (13 ly) | [9][25] Initially announced as the coolest (400K as opposed to the preceding 500K) and nearest brown dwarf known at the time (April 2010),[26] the distance was raised from 10 light-years (3.1 pc) to 4.1 parsecs (13 ly).[9] |
ULAS 1335+11 | 500-550 K | 2009— | 15‑30 MJupiter | 8–9 parsecs (26–29 ly) | [27][28][29][30] |
Wolf 940B | 570 K | 2009 | 20‑30 MJupiter | 40 light-years (12 pc) | [31][32][33][34] |
CFBDS 0059−0114 | 620 K | 2008‑2009 | 15‑30 MJupiter | 13 parsecs (42 ly) | [28][35] |
ULAS 0034−00 | 650 K | 2006‑2008 | 15‑30 MJupiter | 12.6 parsecs (41 ly) | [35][28][36][37] |
2MASS 0415−0935 | 680 K | 2003‑2006 | 33‑58 MJupiter | 19 light-years (5.8 pc) | [38][39][40][36][29] |
Gliese 570D | 750 K | 2000‑2003 | 50 MJupiter | 5.91 parsecs (19.3 ly) | [40][41][42] |
Gliese 229B | 900 K | 1995‑2000 | 30‑40 MJupiter | 19 light-years (5.8 pc) | [22][21][23][24][41][42][43] First brown dwarf accepted.[21][22] |
Least massive brown dwarf titlist
editBrown dwarf | Mass | Year | Distance | Temperature | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gliese 229B | 45‑60 MJupiter (0.04‑0.055 MSun) |
1995— | 19 light-years (5.8 pc) | 900 K | [22][21][23][44] First brown dwarf accepted.[21][22] The mass was later refined to 30-40 MJupiter.[24] |
Most massive brown dwarf recordbreakers
editBrown dwarf | Mass | Year | Distance | Temperature | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPl 15 | 80 MJupiter (0.079±0.002 MSun) |
1996— | 135 parsecs (440 ly) | 2800 K | [4][5][45] This was one of the first three brown dwarfs acknowledge, the others being Gliese 229B and Teide 1.[24][4] PPl 15 was estimated to be on the limit between brown dwarf and red dwarf.[4][46] In 1999, it was determined that PPl 15 was actually a binary brown dwarf pair, and became the first spectroscopic binary brown dwarf.[47] |
Teide 1 | 55 MJupiter | 1996 | 135 parsecs (440 ly) | 2600 K | [4][5] This was one of the first three brown dwarfs acknowledge, the others being Gliese 229B and PPl 15.[24][4] |
Gliese 229B | 30‑40 MJupiter | 1995‑1996 | 19 light-years (5.8 pc) | 900 K | [22][21][23][44][24] First brown dwarf accepted.[21][22] |
Most distant brown dwarf recordsetters
editBrown dwarf | Distance | Year | Temperature | Mass | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
850 parsecs (2,800 ly) | 2001— | N/A | N/A | Several brown dwarfs were discovered in M35 (NGC 2168) [2][3] | |
177 parsecs (580 ly) | 1997— | N/A | N/A | Several brown dwarfs were found in Praesepe [48] | |
135 parsecs (440 ly) | 1996‑1997 | N/A | N/A | [4][5]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). These were three of the first four brown dwarfs acknowledged, the other being Gliese 229B. These three brown dwarfs are situated in the Pleiades star cluster.[24][4]
| |
Gliese 229B | 19 light-years (5.8 pc) | 1995‑1996 | 900 K | 45‑60 MJupiter (0.04‑0.055 MSun) |
[22][21][23][44] First brown dwarf accepted.[21][22] The mass was later refined to 30-40 MJupiter.[24] |
Hottest brown dwarf titlesetters
editBrown dwarf | Temperature | Year | Distance | Mass | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPl 15 | 2800 K | 1996— | 135 parsecs (440 ly) | 80 MJupiter | [4][5] This was one of the first three brown dwarfs acknowledge, the others being Gliese 229B and Teide 1.[24][4] PPl 15 was estimated to be on the limit between brown dwarf and red dwarf.[4][46] In 1999, it was determined that PPl 15 was actually a binary brown dwarf pair, and became the first spectroscopic binary brown dwarf.[47] |
Teide 1 | 2600 K | 1996 | 135 parsecs (440 ly) | 55 MJupiter | [4][5] This was one of the first three brown dwarfs acknowledge, the others being Gliese 229B and PPl 15.[24][4] |
Gliese 229B | 900 K | 1995‑1996 | 19 light-years (5.8 pc) | 30‑40 MJupiter | [22][21][23][44][24] First brown dwarf accepted.[21][22] |
Otherwise notable brown dwarfs
editBrown dwarf | Acheivement |
---|---|
DEN 0255-477 | In 2006, this became the faintest object whose faintness was determined. [49] |
References
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