Talk:Drive theory

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This article was made by pasting together a bunch of content from other drive and motivation articles on Wikipedia. I think a general article on the topic that covers its many forms in psychology could be useful. It needs some work, but I'll try to clean it up and add more material over the next few days. --Jcbutler (talk) 23:37, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

I have some additions I'd like to make:

A definition of drive as it applies to this theory: Drive is an “excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbance”(Seward, 1956)

The tendency of drive reduction to be more discernible at lower level vs. higher levels: Doris Kraeling and Byron Campbell experimented to determine if “reduction would be more effective as a reinforcer if the initial drive were low than if the initial drive were high” (Campbell, Kraeling, 1953). Their findings are quite surprising; “Changes in stimuli are more discriminable at low levels of stimulus intensity than at higher levels of stimulus intensity” (Campbell, Kraeling, 1953).

The tendency for multiple combined drives to influence an organism more than a single drive: Multiple drives are what happen when an organism is faced with more than one need at the same time. Research has shown that this condition has an impact on learning. In psychological vernacular “generalized conditioned reinforce has greater learned reward value than a simple conditioned reinforce” (Wike, Barrientos, 1957). These findings mean that multiple drives lead to quicker learning than a singular drive.

An attempt at explain pleasure-seeking behaviors in organisms: There are also the complications to drive reduction theory caused by so called “pleasure-seeking” behaviors, which seem to be contradictory to the theory’s precepts. Why would an individual actively seek out more stimulation if it is already in a state of relaxation and fulfillment? A good example is when an individual leaves home to go to a potentially dangerous carnival. There is no base physiological drive to go to the carnival but the individual exhausts resources to go there. Judson Brown attempts to explain this phenomenon “the sensory consequences of most responses are practically never intense enough to provide increments to the drive level” (Brown, 1955). So the base physiological drive is vastly more powerful than other stimuli encountered. This makes sense because an organism will first learn to obtain food and water before it tries other more frivolous pursuits.

references: Wolpe , J. (1950). need-reduction, drive-reduction, and reinforcement: A neurophysiological view. Psychological Review, 57, 19-26. Retrieved from https://pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=rev-57-1-19&site=ehost-live

Campbell, B., & Krealing, D. (1953). response strength as a function of drive level and amount of drive reduction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45, 97-101. Retrieved from https://pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=xge-45-2-97&site=ehost-live

Wike, E., & Barrientos, G. (1958). secondary reinforcement and multiple drive reduction. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 51, 640-643. Retrieved from https://pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=com-51-5-640&site=ehost-live

Brown, J. (1955). pleasure-seeking behavior and the drive-reduction hypothesis. Psychological Review, 62, 169-179. Retrieved from https://pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=rev-62-3-169&site=ehost-live

Seward, J. (1956). drive, incentive, and reinforcement. Psychological Review, 63, 19-203. Retrieved from https://pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=rev-63-3-195&site=ehost-live

--cumminkm 4/21/2012 —Preceding undated comment added 04:25, 21 April 2012 (UTC).

I also would like add the following sentence at the beginning of the article. The current article does not credit Clark Hull with developing the Drive Reduction Theory.

Drive Reduction Theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, was the first theory for motivation (Dewey, 2007).

Reference: Dewey, R. (2007). Psychology: An introduction. Retrieved from http://www.intropsych.com/index.html Hepting83 (talk) 17:43, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

I think the following would be beneficial to the learning theory section. Clark Hull aimed to develop a learning theory that could be deduced mathmatically. He created the "Mathematico Deductive Theory of Behavior:" sER = (V x D x K x J x sHr) – (sIr + Ir) +/- sOr (Thomson, 1968). Thomson, R. (1968). A Pelican History of Psychology. Penguin Books Publications. (pp 237-242). KMobley2013 (talk) 04:21, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

I would like to add four principles of the theory to the article.

1)Drive is essential in order for responses to occur (i.e., the student must want to learn). 2)Stimuli and responses must be detected by the organism in order for conditioning to occur ( i.e., the student must be attentive). 3)Response must be made in order for conditioning to occur (i.e., the student must be active). 4)Conditioning only occurs if the reinforcement satisfied a need (i.e, the learning must satisfy the learner's wants).

Retrieved from: http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/drive-reduction.html

Ptapp22 (talk) 13:32, 3 May 2012 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

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8 basic psychological drives

Psychological drives

Curiosity	Anti-curiosity
Empathy	Anti-empathy
Sympathy	Anti-sympathy
Anti-time	Time

Myers-Briggs

Intuition	Sensing
Feeling	Thinking
Judging	Perception
Introversion	Extraversion

Disorders

Autism

Schizoid

Schizophrenia

Aspergers

Just granpa (talk) 06:40, 23 June 2018 (UTC)

I have some suggestions that I would like to make for this article:

Include a paragraph explaining who came up with this idea of the Drive theory (Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence) and when they began their research (1943). This extra bit of information would be very helpful to this article.

Also it would be helpful to add in some examples of what a drive is that people have to fulfill. ex. hunger, thirst, sex, belonging, etc.

Retrieved from: https://www.psychestudy.com/general/motivation-emotion/drive-reduction-theory ChandlerBoyd42 (talk) 18:24, 11 March 2019 (UTC)

The whole article seems a bit messy. I would like to go through and clean it up. There is no real structure to the article.

I would like to use this article in the page I think it offers good research and the cites for that research are in the article.

Retrieved from: https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/social-psychology-theories/drive-theory/

Rmorrell18 (talk) 19:35, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

No one has made any suggestions or given any feedback. ChandlerBoyd42 (talk) 21:56, 21 March 2019 (UTC)

CLCStudent does not know history: fascism is different from Nazism! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.252.54.145 (talk) 19:31, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

Freud and Drives

I suggest that the following material be added to the section on Freud and psychoanalysis:

In one of his last works, An Outline of Psycho-Analysis, Freud, reflecting on his life's work, referred to Triebe (drives) as mental forces of somatic origin. In the Outline Freud explicitly claims the brain is the location of mental life; mental processes are causal representations of neural processes in the brain, although he did not speculate on the nature of the causal connections between the two. On the supposition that when our bodies have a heightened need for an intake of food, this is the source of a feeling of hunger, the source under Freudian description is a somatic organ. Somatic organs stimulate the mind by means of the transference of energy to the afferent nervous system that when it reaches the brain is mental energy (cathexis). For Freud, Triebe, rather than being an "excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbance" are the cause of cathexis being transferred in the direction of efferent nerves, and by extensions muscles (action). Freud conceptualises this direction in the light of the reflex arc pattern. The reflex response is explained by energy (excitations if you prefer) being transferred from the site of stimulation to muscles, thereby causing the reflex response (for example the Patella response). The pattern of the reflex response, as distinct from the reflex response itself, is that of stimulation to muscle. In the knowledge that transference of energy is effected by forces, a force transfers energy in the direction as described by the reflex arc pattern. When the brain, and thereby the mind mediates between stimulation and response, mental forces, Triebe, are the cause of the transfer of cathexis in the direction of efferent nerves. Nevertheless, following Freud, there is nothing "instinctual" as to which efferent nerves, and action, the cathexis is directed; that is a matter learning. Bernard H Brown (talk) 06:18, 27 November 2019 (UTC)