The talharpa, also known as a tagelharpa (tail-hair harp), hiiu kannel (originally hiiurootsi (which meant Vormsi island located on the halfway to Hiiumaa) kannel) or stråkharpa (bowed harp), is a two to four stringed bowed lyre from northern Europe. It is questionable whether it was formerly common and widespread in Scandinavia. Historically, it has been played in the Estonian-Swedish areas and in Western Estonia, particularly among Estonian Swedes who came to Estonia around the 10th century from the Swedish part of Finland; they likely brought the instrument with them (later Swedish settlers in Estonia did not know nor use the talharpa.)[1] It is similar to the Finnish jouhikko and the Welsh crwth. Jouhikko, a close relative of talharpa, is still known in Finland.[2]
The name talharpa probably comes from a dialectical form of the word "tagel" – horsehair – from which the strings were made.[3]
Background
editThe earliest known Norse literary mentions of a harp or lyre date to the Eddic poem Völuspá, though not as a bowed instrument. There have been attempts to interpret as talharpa the iconography, that show Gunnar charming the snakes in the snake pit with a harpa-like instrument (also don't include a bow and instrument is in a very different shape) and a stone carving at the Trondheim Cathedral of Norway, that shows a musician playing a bowed hurdy gurdy- or nyckelharpa-like instrument, dating to around the 14th century.[4] In Nordic countries, the bowed lyre (as opposed to the plucked harp) has continued in Finland, where it is called jouhikko or a jouhikantele and Estonia where it is called hiiu kannel.[5]
Construction techniques
editTalharpas were traditionally built by hollowing out a single block of wood and gluing a soundboard on top, as can be seen from many instruments stored in the museums in Estonia and Finland. In modern times, many talharpa makers continue to build their musical instruments from solid wood, such as Rait Pihlap, Mihkel Soon or Rauno Nieminen. Others began to make tagelharpas following the classical school of lutherie, with each part assembled and characterized by reinforcements, bands, counter-bands, figured bottoms and blocks (such as Raivo Sildoja).
Modern use
editThe talharpa is sometimes used in modern folk music, most notably by the Estonian nu-folk duo Puuluup[6] who use talharpas and modern live looping. Other notable musicians and bands, that use a bowed-lyre family instruments: Sofia Joons, Strand...Rand, Pekko Käppi, Styrbjörn Bergelt, Krista Sildoja, Metsatöll, Wardruna, Per Runberg, Janne Mängli
See also
edit- Crwth
- Jouhikko
- Gue
- Byzantine lyra (bowed lyre)
- Hiiu kannel (in Estonian)
- Bowed string instrument
References
edit- ^ Cronshaw, Andrew (1999). "Baltic States: singing revolutions". The Rough Guide to World Music. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: Rough Guides Limited. p. 18. ISBN 1-85828-635-2.
- ^ Montagu, Jeremy (2007). Origins and Development of Musical Instruments. Scarecrow. p. 174. ISBN 9780810877702.
- ^ Andersson, Otto (1930). The Bowed Harp. Translated and edited by Kathleen Schlesinger. London: New Temple Press p. 111
- ^ Nieminen, Rauno (2020) The Bowed Lyre. p.16
- ^ Rice, Timothy (2017). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Europe. Routledge. p. 730. ISBN 978-1351544269. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ [1], Puuluup official website
External links
edit
Media related to Talharpa at Wikimedia Commons- "Per Runberg demonstrates playing the talharpa". YouTube.
