Ta'Oi (Ta'Oih, Ta Oi) is a Katuic dialect chain of Salavan and Sekong provinces in Laos, and in Thừa Thiên-Huế province in Vietnam (Sidwell 2005:12).
| Ta'Oi | |
|---|---|
| Ta Oi | |
| Native to | Laos, Vietnam |
| Ethnicity | Ta Oi, Katang |
Native speakers | (220,000 cited 1995–2005)[1] |
Austroasiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:tth – Upper Ta'Oiirr – Ir (Hantong)oog – Ong (= Ir)tto – Lower Ta'Oingt – Ngeq (Kriang) |
| Glottolog | taoi1247 |
| ELP | Chatong |
Varieties
editSidwell (2005) lists the following varieties of Ta'Oi, which is a name applied to speakers of various related dialects.
- Ta'Oi proper
- Ong/Ir/Talan
- Chatong is spoken about 50 to 100 km northeast of Sekong. It has been recorded only by Theraphan L-Thongkum.
- Kriang (Ngkriang, Ngeq) is spoken by up to 4,000 people living in villages between Tatheng and Sekong, such as Ban Chakamngai.
- Kataang (Katang) is a dialect that has been documented by Michel Ferlus, Gerard Diffloth, and other linguists. It is not to be confused with the Bru dialect of Katang.[2]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
- There are also creaky syllable-final segments /mʔ, nʔ, ŋʔ, wʔ, lʔ, jʔ/, however; they are not noted as a distinct series.
- /ɟ/ may also be heard as a preglottal sound [ʔj].[3]
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | ɨ ɨː | u uː |
| Mid | e eː | ə əː | o oː |
| Open | ɛ ɛː | a aː | ɔ ɔː |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ia | ɨa | ua |
Morphosyntax
editTaoih, like other Katuic languages, are largely analytic with slightly inflectional characteristics.[4] Taoih has a large amounts of affixes which mark agreement for person and case and derive new lexicalized words. The specific cases that are marked differ by person. There are several grammatical cases in Taoih, including some important ones: nominative, accusative, locative, dative, and genitive. For example,
/hɛ̰/ "we" (1st singular) → /ʔŋ-hɛ̰/ "our" (1st plural) → /ʔŋ-ʔo/ "theirs" (3rd singular) gen
/ʔa-hɛ̰/ "to us" dat
References
edit- ^ Upper Ta'Oi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ir (Hantong) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ong (= Ir) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Lower Ta'Oi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ngeq (Kriang) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ "Mon-Khmer Classification (draft)". SEAlang. 2007. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- ^ Sidwell, Paul (2005). pp. 12-15
- ^ Sidwell, Paul (2021). "Eastern Mon-Khmer languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter. pp. 547–598. doi:10.1515/9783110558142-011.
Further reading
edit- Sidwell, Paul (2005). The Katuic languages: classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 58. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-802-7
- Trần Nguyễn Khánh Phong. 2013. Người Tà Ôi ở A Lưới. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa thông tin.
- Miller, Carolyn (2017). "Notes on Northern Katang Kinship and Society". Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 10 (2): xxiii–xxix. hdl:10524/52410.
- Gehrmann, Ryan. 2017. The Historical Phonology of Kriang, A Katuic Language. JSEALS Volume 10.1 (2017).