Stenacron is a genus of mayfly in the family Heptageniidae (the flat-headed mayflies),[1] with a distribution across eastern North America.[2]
| Stenacron | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Stenacron interpunctatum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Ephemeroptera |
| Family: | Heptageniidae |
| Genus: | Stenacron Jensen, 1974 |
Habitat edit
Larvae can survive in most shallow freshwater environments, including stagnant, low oxygen, and polluted waters, however they prefer the shallow, slow moving edges of rivers where they cling to the underside of rocks.[3]
Taxonomy edit
History edit
Thomas Say first documented the species interpunctatum in 1839 in Indiana from 20 holotypes and 14 paratypes. Hagen, in 1861, confirmed and expanded the geographical range of the species with a collection of other specimens from Virginia that concurred with Say’s haplotypes. In 1974, the interpunctatum group was listed by Steven L Jensen as the genus Stenacron.
Species edit
Although there are 7 recognized species in the genus, the variation amongst populations of S. interpunctatum forms the Stenacron interpunctatum complex, which comprises 16 closely related subspecies.[4]
List of the currently valid species as of 2014:
- Stenacron candidum (Traver, 1935) i c g b
- Stenacron carolina (Banks, 1914) i c g b
- Stenacron floridense (Lewis, 1974) i c g b
- Stenacron gildersleevei (Traver, 1935) i c g b (Gildersleeve's Stenacron Mayfly)
- Stenacron interpunctatum (Say, 1839) i c g b (Stenacron Mayfly)
- Stenacron minnetonka (Daggy, 1945) i c g b
- Stenacron pallidum (Traver, 1933) i c g b
Data sources: i = ITIS,[5] c = Catalogue of Life,[6] g = GBIF,[7] b = Bugguide.net[8]
Synonym forms that make up the interpunctatum complex.[9]
- Stenacron interpunctatum / affine
- Stenacron interpunctatum / areion
- Stenacron interpunctatum / canadense
- Stenacron interpunctatum / conjunctum
- Stenacron interpunctatum / frontale
- Stenacron interpunctatum / heterotarsale
- Stenacron interpunctatum / majus
- Stenacron interpunctatum / ohioense
- Stenacron interpunctatum / proximum
References edit
- ^ "Genus Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Stenacron". www.macroinvertebrates.org. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
- ^ Murray, Tom (2006). "Genus Stenacron". BugGuide - Genus Stenacron Info Page.
- ^ Lewis, P. A. (1974). The Taxonomy and Ecology of Stenonema Mayflies. National Environmental Research Center.
- ^ Traver, J. D. (1935). Biology of a Mayfly.
- ^ "Stenacron Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
- ^ "Browse Stenacron". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
- ^ "Stenacron". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
- ^ "Stenacron Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
- ^ "Taxonomy and ecology of Stenonema mayflies (Heptageniidae: Ephemeroptera) / by Philip A. Lewis". HathiTrust. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
- Chinery, Michael (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-219170-9.
Further reading edit
- Arnett, Ross H. Jr. (2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9.
- Barber-James, Helen M.; Gattolliat, Jean-Luc; Sartori, Michel; Hubbard, Michael D. (2008). "Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater". Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. 595 (1). Springer: 339–350. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8259-7_37.
- Barber-James, H.; Sartori, M.; Gattolliat, J-L.; Webb, J. (2013). "World checklist of freshwater Ephemeroptera species". Retrieved 2018-03-24.
- Campbell, Ian C., ed. (1990). Mayflies and stoneflies: Life histories and biology. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2397-3. ISBN 978-94-010-7579-4.
- Edmunds Jr., George F. (1972). "Biogeography and evolution of Ephemeroptera". Annual Review of Entomology. 17 (1). Annual Reviews: 21–42. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.17.010172.000321.
- Kluge, Nikita (2013). The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Springer Science & Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0872-3. ISBN 978-94-015-3942-5.
External links edit
Media related to Stenacron at Wikimedia Commons
