52°19′49″N 0°34′13″W / 52.3302°N 0.5702°W Stanwick Hall is a largely Georgian grade II* listed building located in the western end of the village of Stanwick in North Northamptonshire.[1][2]
History
editThe house was originally constructed in the C17,[3] possibly earlier. Evidence of this original building is scant but survives:
- The cellars/basement predate the house constructed above, the south elevation of which features a pair of dateable C17 3 light stone mullion windows
- This is corroborated by a Victorian pencil sketch, which depicts a central doorway into the cellar / basement of the same era as the extant mullion windows either side (doorway now blocked, with no external trace visible)[4]
- A 1722 "notice to lett" for the original house [5] offers few clues to the form of the original building, other than "four rooms on a floor", which interestingly, is carried over into the current building, described exactly as such in 1802.[6] This is most likely a coincidence, but may hint at extensive remodelling (where internal walls were retained,) rather than demolition and a complete 1740s basement-up new build. The 1722 description of the rest of the property is broadly similar to later for sale or to let notices - Barns, Stables, Brewhouse and Dovehouse, good Garden planted with Wall Fruit, and a Cherry Orchard well planted, of about 6 Acres. Also about 24 Acres of other inclos'd Land, all adjoining to the said House.
- The presence of full-height C17 panelling with frieze decorated with scrolls in the central first floor room [3] would also appear to be a significant, dateable remaining feature of the original house. However, as is explained below, the house suffered a major fire on 2 April 1931, with only the bare walls remaining.[7] Either the effects of the fire were exaggerated & the paneling is a remnant of the original house, or it was taken from another building and fitted during the rebuild following the fire, or even during the 1740s construction phase.
The Hall as it appears today was built in 1742-1743 for James Lambe (d.1761)[8][9] by William Smith (1705-1747) at a cost of £750 (about £150,000 in modern terms.[10])
William Smith was an acclaimed Architect and Builder and was the son of Francis Smith of Warwick. William Smith was involved as architect, builder or mason in many major projects, including the Radcliffe Camera, Catton Hall, Kirtlington Park, Thame Park and Stoneleigh Abbey, on which he worked with his father. Stoneleigh Abbey was immortalized by Jane Austen in her novel Mansfield Park, in which Stoneleigh Abbey becomes Sotherton Court.
After the death of James Lambe, Stanwick Hall was advertised as for sale on several occasions. The sale notice showed Stanwick Hall (a modern, stone-built capital mansion), a coach house, two dove houses, two barns, three 3-stall stables, two other stables with convenient outbuildings, a dog kennel and boiling house with constant running water. It included 30 acres of rich pasture in three closes (Nether Close, Dove House Close and Upper Close, called the Cherry Orchard). There were 15 acres at Stanwick Pastures, to the east of the village and a further 97 acres of arable, ley and pasture ground in the open fields around the village.[11]
At the time of its reconstruction, Stanwick Hall was adjacent to what was then the main road into Stanwick from the west, which ran between the main house and outbuildings to the immediate north of the house.[12]
In 1931, there was a major fire that started in one of the lower rooms. The owners escaped and no one was killed but the building was gutted. The building was placed on the English Heritage "At Risk" Register,[13] with fungus growing on damp walls, roof tiles broken and roof timbers in danger of collapsing at any moment.
The building was purchased in 2007. A major restoration project started by the new owners was the subject of a BBC Restoration Home programme in 2011.[14]
Occupants
edit- 1722: An unnamed large Stanwick house (but whose decription is very similar to how future to let or for sale adverts describe Stanwick Hall) advertised to let, by an unknown owner. Enquires to be directed to Reverend Mr Morton of Stanwick, or Thomas Flawn of Attleborough. [15]
- 1743: James Lambe. Born in Hackney, son of James Lambe, habadasher, James was one of the few individuals who made money from the South Sea Company's Africa-South America slave trading. He was born in Hackney Middlesex, but his main home became Fairford Park in Gloucestershire, where he was the Lord of the Manor, through marriage to Esther Barker whose family bought Fairford Park in 1650.
- 1761 James Lambe dies and shortly afterwards Stanwick Hall is either purchased or let to a member of the Lambe family of Stanwick and Great Addington Northamptonshire. The relationship between James Lambe and the Great Addington Lambe family is intriguing and yet to be established, but may be a surname coincidence.
- 1788 Samuel Ward Lambe dies, ending the Addington Lambe connection with the Hall and Ivy cottage
- 1791 Estate of 130 acres, including the Hall, described as 'modern stone built capital mansion house' advertised to be sold. The Earl of Egmont.[11] John Perceval, 3rd Earl of Egmont, (the brother of Spencer Perceval, who remains the only Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to have been assassinated.) is shown as the current tenant.[16]
- 1792: Stanwick hall, described as 'capital stone built mansion house', along with 3 closes of 30 acres advertised to let. Advertisment adjoins another to let notice with the same date and contact details, for Great Addington Manor house, and it appears both properties are being let by the same currently unknown owner [17]
- 1795: Estate of around 37 acres, including the Hall, described as a 'modern, strong, stone-built capital mansion house' advertised for sale.[18]
- 1802: George Gascoyne of Great Addington advertises the Hall for rent. This marks the start of Gascoyne/Gascoyen ownership of the Hall and its adjacent dower house, Ivy cottage. Following the Enclosure Acts, George Gascoyen becomes one of the five major landowners in Stanwick.
- 1851 census George Gascoyne (farmer) and family resident at the Hall. Green Gascoyne (farmer) and family resident Ivy cottage.
- 1861 census George Gascoyne (farmer) and family resident at the Hall. George Goodhall Gascoyne (farmer) and family resident Ivy cottage.
- 1870: Cecil Wetenhall.[19]
- 1871 census Cecil Wetenhall (living off property dividends) and family resident at the Hall. Ellen Gascoyne (wife of George Goodhall Gascoyne) and family resident at Ivy cottage.
- 1878: George Goodhall Gascoyne, grandson to the above George Gascoyne, declares bankrupcy and vacates Ivy Cottage and Hall farm
- 1881 census: Thomas Somes (farmer) & family resident at the Hall. Frank Wright (retired wine merchant) and wife Matilda resident, Ivy cottage
- 1882: Thomas and James Somes.[21]
- 1891 census: Joseph Baxter (farmer) & family resident in the Hall.
- 1915: Colonel Fawcett.[22]
- 2006–present: The Russell family.
References
edit- ^ The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire (1961 Nikolaus Pevsner; 1973 revised Bridget Cherry; 2013 with Bruce Bailey) ISBN 978-0-300-18507-2
- ^ A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840 (H Colvin) ISBN 0-300-07207-4
- ^ a b "STANWICK HALL, Stanwick - 1192263 | Historic England".
- ^ George Clarke's sketches held by Northamptonshire Records Office
- ^ Stamford Mercury newspaper, 1 November 1722
- ^ Notice to lett 1802 Northampton Mercury newspaper, Saturday 28 August
- ^ Northampton Chronicle and Echo - Thursday 2 April 1931
- ^ History of Fairford Church: In Gloucestershire, 1763
- ^ An Account of the Parish of Fairford (1791 R & R Bigland)
- ^ Bank of England Archived 2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Northampton Mercury, 17 September 1791
- ^ C19 Tithe map of village shows "New Road" to the north of the Hall, which became the new route of the main road into village from the west.
- ^ English Heritage At Risk Entry
- ^ [1], BBC Restoration Home
- ^ Stamford Mercury, Nov 1 1722
- ^ Northampton Mercury, 17th September 1791
- ^ Northampton Mercury, 21st April, 1792
- ^ Northampton Mercury, 9th May, 1795
- ^ Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette, 20 January 1870
- ^ Northampton Herald, 9th February, 1878
- ^ Northampton Mercury, 3 February 1883
- ^ Northampton Mercury, 2 April 1915