Galicia, was a Spanish 70-gun ship of the line of the Kingdom of Spain's Armada Real in service between 1751 and 1797.[3]
 A painting depicting the departure of King Carlos III of Spain from Naples in 1759 in which Galicia took part
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} Spanish Empire | |
| Name | Galicia |
| Namesake | Galicia, Spain |
| Builder | Havana Shipyard[2] |
| Laid down | 11 April 1749 |
| Launched | 3 August 1750 |
| Commissioned | 15 August 1751 |
| Maiden voyage | Havana to Cartagena de Indias |
| In service | 1750-1797 |
| Out of service | 1797[1] |
| Refit | 1793 |
| Stricken | 1797 |
| Homeport | Cádiz |
| Nickname(s) | "Santiago El Mayor" |
| Fate | Broken up in 1797[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Third-rate ship of the line |
| Tons burthen | 2,771 bm[1] |
| Length | 185' 9" Burgos Feet (Gundeck) and 156' 3" Burgos Feet (Keel)[1] |
| Beam | 55' Burgos Feet[1] |
| Draught | 27' 2"[2] |
| Depth of hold | 24' Burgos Feet[1] |
| Decks | 2[1] |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Armament | 70[1]-74[2] guns - 24 pounders, 30 18 pounders and 18 8 pounders[3] |
Commission and construction edit
The name Galicia is a reference to the region of Galicia in Spain's northwest.
Galicia was one of a class of three 70-gun ships ordered in 1748 to a specification laid down by Ciprian Autran, and was designed and built at Havana by Pedro de Torres. She was laid down on 11 April 1749 and launched on 3 August 1750. She and her sisters Infante and Princesa were commissioned together on 15 August 1751, and left Havana (together with the equally new 80-gun Rayo) on 1 March 1752 as a squadron under the overall command of Jefe de escuadra Francisco Ponce de Leon, arriving at Cadiz on 30 April.[4]
Service edit
In 1751, under the command of Luis de Velasco, Galicia left Havana with Infante and Princesa sailing to Cartagena de Indias. Once loaded at Cartagena de Indias, the ships proceeded in a convoy of the Flota de Tierra Firme back to Havana.[3]
On 1 March 1752, Galicia left Havana together with Infante, Princesa and Rayo, all arriving at Cádiz on 30 April of the same year.[3]
In 1754, Galicia transported a shipment of heavy guns from Barcelona to Cartagena.[2]
In 1759, Galicia was at Cartagena.[2] Later that year, after the death of King Fernando VI of Spain, a fleet of 36 ships was assembled at Cartagena under the command of the Juan José de Navarro Viana y Búfalo, the 1st Marqués de la Victoria of the flagship El Fénix. The fleet was tasked with picking up King Carlos III of Spain and his family from Naples to bring them to Barcelona, leaving Cartagena on 19 August 1759 and arriving at Naples in September.[2] General and Vice Admiral Don Pedro Fitz-James Stuart served as the commander of one of the fleet's divisions with the 70-gun Galicia as his flagship. Galicia's captain was for the voyage was Juan Antonio de la Colina Rasines. The squadron was captained by Major General Joaquín de Aguirre and consisted also of the ships Terrible (74), Atlante (74) and Soberano (74).[3] The fleet arrived at Barcelona on 15 December 1759 whereupon Pedro Fitz-James Stuart was named as Primer Caballerizo del Rey.[5]
In March 1760, Galicia was at Cartagena.[2][3]
In 1761, Galicia left Cartagena bound for Mallorca for the purpose of recruiting sailors. After successfully recruiting seamen, the ship returned to Cartagena where the recruits were distributed amongst Galicia, Soberano (74), Terrible (74), and Aquilón (64).[2][3] In November 1761, the minister Julián de Arriaga of the Audiencia Real de Sevilla ordered Gutierre de Hevia, Marqués del Real Transporte and commander of the Spanish fleet at La Habana, to order Galiaga and Arrogante to Cuba to support anti-British operations in the theater.[6] On 20 November 1761, Galicia left Cádiz with destination for Santiago de Cuba, Hispaniola under the command of Captain Don José de Aguirre on a mission transporting 200 dragoons of the Regimiento de Dragones de Edimburgo (Edinburgh Dragoon Regiment) under the command of Colonel Carlos Caro.[3] The troops would go on to take the field under Caro's command against British forces commanded by Colonel Guy Carleton at Guanabacoa during the Battle of Havana.[7]
Galicia and Arrogante arrived at Santiago de Cuba on 31 January 1762 where the dragoons were offloaded. Galicia then took up defensive positions around Santiago de Cuba together with Arrogante (68) and Monarca (74) and the frigate Arrogante.[8] During the Battle of Havana, Galicia remained defending Santiago de Cuba together with Monarca, Arrogante and the frigate Palas (26).[3]
On 31 July 1763, Galicia arrived at Havana from Santiago de Cuba escorting a convoy of eight merchantmen carrying 200 troops of the Granada and Murcia regiments together with three companies from the Aragón Regiment.[2][3] Later the same year, Galicia took up a position escorting the Flota de Tierra Firme back to Cádiz.[2]
In 1764, Galicia was at Cádiz. The same year, she was careened and fitted with new rigging and masts at Arsenal de la Carraca near Cádiz.[2][3]
In 1765, under the command of Captain Don Juan de Soto, Galicia was assigned to the fleet under the command of Admiral Don Juan José de Navarro Viana y Búfalo, the 1st Marqués de la Victoria. The fleet was made up of Rayo, Arrogante, Triunfante, Atlante, Galicia, Princesa, Guerrero, Velasco, Poderoso, two chambequines and five minor vessels. The fleet sailed from Cádiz on 17 May. After briefly stopping at Cartagena, it sailed on to Genoa, arriving on 17 July to drop off the infanta Doña Luisa María Teresa de Parma, daughter of Felipe I de Parma and pick up the Princess Maria Luisa of Spain, daughter of King Carlos III. The fleet returned to Cartagena on 11 August where it dropped off the infanta Doña Luisa María Teresa de Parma and the Marques of la Victoria, Juan José de Navarro Viana y Búfalo. Command was then handed over to Admiral Don Luis de Córdova y Córdova. A smaller fleet was formed, sailing from Cartagena on 23 August, consisting of Rayo, Princesa and Guerrero which was tasked with escorting two tartans and a saetía back to Cádiz.[3]
In 1779, Galicia was at Cádiz under the command of Captain Don Juan Clavijero attached to the observation squadron of the armada under the command of Admiral Don Luis de Córdova y Córdova. Galicia would remain with Córdova throughout the campaign and took part in the blockades of 1779–1782.[2][3]
In 1782, Galicia took part in the Battle of Cape Spartel where she saw heavy action suffering 5 killed and 17 wounded.[2][3]
In 1793, Galicia was at Ferrol for refitting. She sailed from Ferrol the same year under the command of Captain Don Francisco Ruiz y Cárdenas as part of a squadron of six ships under the command of Commodore Francisco Javier Melgarejo to unite with the Spanish fleet at Cartagena under the command of Admiral Don Francisco de Borja for the campaign in Sardinia.[2][3]
In 1794, Galicia, still attached to Commodore Francisco Javier Melgarejo's squadron was patrolling the waters off the Bay of Biscay.[2][3]
In 1797, due to a rotting hull for lack of careening, Galicia was scrapped.[2][3]
Commanders edit
| Commander | Commanded From | Commanded Until | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Captain Don Luis de Velasco[2] | 1751 | ? | N/A | |
| Captain Don Alvarez Cabreros[2] | 1754 | ? | N/A | |
| Captain Don Juan Antonio de la Colina Rasines[2] | 1759 | ? | N/A | |
| Captain Don José de Aguirre[3] | 1761 | ? | N/A | |
| Captain Don Juan de Soto[2] | 1764 | ? | N/A | |
| Captain Don Juan Clavijero[2] | 1779 | ? | N/A | |
| Captain Don Francisco Ruiz y Cárdenas[2] | 1793 | ? | N/A |
| Commander | Commanded From | Commanded Until | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Admiral Don Joaquín de Aguirre y Oquendo[2] | 1759 | ? | Galicia served as flagship |
| Vice Admiral Don Pedro Fitz-James Stuart Colón Portugal y Castro[2] | 1759 | ? | Galicia served as flagship |
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Spanish Third Rate ship of the line 'Galicia' (1750)". threedecks.org. Three Decks. 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Galicia 70-74 Santiago El Mayor". 3decks.pbworks.com. 3 Decks. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Navío Galicia (2)". todoababor.es. Todo A Babor. 2003. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
- ^ Rif Winfield, John Tredrea, Enrique Garcia-Torralba Perez and Manuel Blasco Felip, Spanish Warships in the Age of Sail 1700-1860. Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley, 2023.
- ^ Requena, Guillermo C. (23 July 2015). "CAPITANES GENERALES DE LA ARMADA ESPAÑOLA (III) PEDRO FITZ-JAMES STUART COLÓN DE PORTUGAL". ancienhistories.blogspot.sg. AnchienHistories. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
Tras la muerte, en agosto, del rey Fernando VI, se forma una gran escuadra con la misión de viajar a Nápoles, recoger al rey Carlos III y a su familia, y traerlos a Barcelona; Esta escuadra estaba mandada por el marqués de la Victoria, el Teniente general D. Pedro Stuart mandaba una División, izando su insignia en el navío Galicia de porte de 70 cañones. A su regreso, el día 15 de diciembre, es nombrado Primer Caballerizo del Rey.
- ^ A.G.S., Secretaría de Marina, Legajo 406, Folio 60
- ^ Marley, David (2008). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 437. ISBN 978-1598841008.
- ^ del Río, Antonio Ferrer (1856). Historia del Reinado de Carlos III en España [History of the Reign of Carlos III in Spain] (in Spanish). Vol. 1. Madrid: Imp. de Matute y Compagni. p. 344.
Bibliography edit
- "Galicia 70-74 Santiago El Mayor". 3decks.pbworks.com. 3 Decks. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
- "Spanish Third Rate ship of the line 'Galicia' (1750)". threedecks.org. Three Decks. 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
- "Navío Galicia (2)". todoababor.es. Todo A Babor. 2003. Retrieved 18 January 2016.