In 1992, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming, weightlifting, shooting, boccia, cycling, fencing, judo, tennis, 7-per-side football, table tennis and athletics.[1]
| Spain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics | |
|---|---|
 | |
| IPC code | ESP |
| NPC | Spanish Paralympic Committee |
| Website | www |
| in Barcelona | |
| Medals Ranked 5th |
|
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
Spain won 34 gold medal, 31 silver medals and 42 bronze medals.[1] Spain finished fifth in total medals.[2]
Background edit
The Games were held in Barcelona. Competitors with spinal cord injuries, amputations, cerebral palsy, Les Autres and vision impairments were eligible to compete in these Games.[3]
Hosting edit
In 1992, the Games were held at home for Spain, with the Games being staged in Barcelona.[4] 82 countries participated.[5] These were the first Games to be broadcast live on television.[6] The Games used the same venues as the Summer Olympics.[7]
Organizers decided to not charge an admission fee to events in order to attempt to foster interest locally in disability sport.[8] Domestically, there was very little interest in the Paralympic Games when compared to the Olympic Games.[2]
Intellectual disabilities edit
A separate competition was held in Madrid where competitors with intellectual disabilities competed that ran immediately following the completion of the 1992 Paralympics. The Games were sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped Spain led efforts to include competitors with intellectual disabilities into the Paralympic movement, creating an international federation for these competitors in 1986.[9][10][11]
Archery edit
1 of Spain's silver medals came in archery. It was won by an archer with a physical disability.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's teams open |
 South Korea (KOR) Hyun Kwan Cho Sung Hee Kim Hak Young Lee |
 Spain (ESP) Jose Luis Hermosin Jose Fernandez Antonio Rebollo |
 France (FRA) Jean-Michel Favre Jean Francois Garcia Rene Le Bras |
Athletics edit
22 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 12 bronze medals came in athletics. 35 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, 9 by athletes with physical disabilities and 4 by athletes with cerebral palsy.[1]
Boccia edit
2 of Spain's gold medals came in boccia. Both were won by players with cerebral palsy.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed individual C1 |
Antonio Cid Spain
|
James Thomson United States
|
Henrik Jorgensen Denmark
|
| Mixed team C1–C2 |
Spain (ESP) Manuel Fernandez Daniel Outeiro Juan Tellechea Antonio Cid |
 Denmark (DEN) Henrik Jorgensen Mansoor Siddiqi Lone Bak-Pedersen Tove Jacobsen |
 Ireland (IRL) Martin McDonagh Thomas Leahy Jason Kearney William Johnston |
Cycling edit
1 of Spain's gold medals and 3 bronze medals came in cycling. 2 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, and 2 with physical disabilities.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Jong Kil Kim South Korea
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's road race LC1 |
Francisco Trujillo France
|
Wolfgang Eibeck Austria
|
Jose Antonio Garcia Spain
| |
| Men's road race LC3 |
Norbert Zettler Austria
|
Pier Beltram United States
|
Miguel Perez Spain
| |
| Men's tandem open |
 Germany (GER) Hans-Jorg Furrer Frank Hoefle |
 Netherlands (NED) Catharinus Beumer Jan Mulder |
Spain (ESP) Jose Santiago Juan Carlos Molina | |
| Mixed tandem open |
Spain (ESP) Ignacio Rodriguez Belen Perez |
 United States (USA) Elizabeth Heller Gregory Evangelatos |
 Italy (ITA) Maria Erlacher Klaus Fruet |
Wheelchair fencing edit
1 of Spain's gold medals and 2 bronze medals came in fencing. All were won by fencers with physical disabilities.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Épée 2 |
Esther Weber Germany
|
Mariella Bertini Italy
|
Gema Victoria Hassen Bey Spain
|
| Épée 3–4 |
Francisca Bazalo Spain
|
Josette Bourgain France
|
Laura Presutto Italy
|
| Team épée |
Italy (ITA) Mariella Bertini Rossana Giarrizzo Laura Presutto Deborah Taffoni |
France (FRA) Josette Bourgain Patricia Picot Veronique Soetemondt |
Spain (ESP) Francisca Bazalo Gema Victoria Hassen Bey Cristina Perez |
Judo edit
1 of Spain's gold medals, 1 silver medal came in athletics. Both were won by athletes with vision impairments.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's 65 kg |
Juan Damian Matos Spain
|
Shinichi Ishizue Japan
|
Akhmed Gazimagomedov Unified Team
|
Michael Murch Great Britain
| |||
| Men's 71 kg |
Simon Jackson Great Britain
|
Mario Talavera Spain
|
Pier Morten Canada
|
| Eiji Miyauchi Japan
|
Shooting edit
1 of Spain's silver medals came in shooting. It was won by a shooter with a physical disability.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed sport pistol SH1–3 |
Jan Boonen Belgium
|
Luis Salgado Spain
|
Hubert Aufschnaiter Austria
|
Swimming edit
7 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 22 bronze medals came in swimming. 9 medals were won by swimmers with vision impairments, 28 by swimmers with physical disabilities and 6 by swimmers with cerebral palsy.[1]
Table tennis edit
3 of Spain's bronze medals came in table tennis. All medals were won by table tennis players with physical disabilities.[1]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open 6–10 |
Kimmo Jokinen Finland
|
Michael Gerke Germany
|
Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France
|
| Enrique Agudo Spain
| |||
| Singles 5 |
Kam Shing Kwong Hong Kong
|
Guy Tisserant France
|
So Boo Kim South Korea
|
| Manuel Robles Spain
| |||
| Singles 10 |
Michael Gerke Germany
|
Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France
|
Thomas Goeller Austria
|
| Enrique Agudo Spain
|
Wheelchair basketball edit
When Spain played the United States on the second day of competition, 12,500 people were in attendance. Organizers had to turn away 4,000 people who had wanted to attend.[12] Philip Craven, future President of the International Paralympic Committee, played his first Paralympic Games wheelchair basketball at these games when he scored 30 points against the Spanish team.[13]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k http://www.paralimpico.es/publicacion/5SC_juegos/259SS_juegosparal.asp [dead link]
- ^ a b James Riordan; Arnd Krüger (1 January 2003). European Cultures in Sport: Examining the Nations and Regions. Intellect Books. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-84150-014-0. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism (1 January 2007). Amputee Sports for Victims of Terrorism. IOS Press. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-58603-808-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Kristine Toohey; Anthony James Veal (2007). The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective. CABI. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-84593-346-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Stephen Halliday (9 March 2012). Amazing & Extraordinary Facts - The Olympics. David & Charles. pp. 119. ISBN 978-1-4463-5617-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Robert Daniel Steadward; Watkinson, E. J. (Elizabeth Jane); Garry David Wheeler (2003). Adapted Physical Activity. University of Alberta. pp. 483. ISBN 978-0-88864-375-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ David Howe (11 February 2008). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-50609-7. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ "Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot!". Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com. June 25, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
- ^ DePauw, Karen P; Rich, Sarah (Winter 1993). "Paralympics for the mentally handicapped". Palaestra. Vol. 9, no. 2. pp. 59–64.
- ^ Steve Bailey (28 February 2008). Athlete First: A History of the Paralympic Movement. John Wiley & Sons. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-470-72431-6. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
- ^ Horst Strohkendl (1996). The 50th Anniversary of Wheelchair Basketball: A History. Waxmann Verlag. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-3-8309-5441-5. Retrieved 22 July 2013.