The siege of Verdun was a battle fought in France during the Franco-Prussian War[8][9] from 13 October until 8 November 1870.
| Siege of Verdun | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Franco-Prussian War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 French Republic | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Guérin de Waldersbach General Marnier[6][7] | Unknown | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 1,500 regulars (including 50 artillerymen), 2,000 Infantry part of the Garde Mobile and 1,400 National Guardsmen, 20 mortars, 2 mortars and 90 cannons[8] | 15,000 Infantry and 140 artillery pieces[8] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| French garrison (except national guard), captured[8] | Unknown | ||||||
The siege was launched by the Legion of Saxony. After fierce resistance by the French army at the fortress of Verdun (longer resistance than any other French fortress), the siege ended with Verdun taking the lead with German Army goods.[2][10][11] Verdun then became a fortress on the Franco-German border but surrendered to the German army in the Franco-Prussian War.[12][full citation needed] The French artillery was noted to be effective during the siege.[6]
Background
editDuring the War of the First Coalition, Verdun was invaded by the Prussian Army in 1792 leading to the original Siege of Verdun, before the French victory in the Battle of Valmy forced the Prussians to retreat. In 1870, Verdun offered fiercer resistance, but when the Saxon forces emerged from the east, Verdun had only a small garrison.[8] For a time, the Germans just kept Verdun under surveillance,[7] but on August 24, a German offensive was directed. The French conducted several breakouts after the prisoners escaped after the Battle of Sedan reinforcements.[8]
Siege
editIn late September, German forces (including the Landwehr militia ) assembled under the command of General Von Gayl on the eastern front.[7] Although the blockade of Verdun began on 25 October,[2] on 7 October, two German Artillery crews were made to create conditions for the infantry and advanced a few hundred steps and established its positions[7] The Germans then cleared all obstacles.[2] On 13 October Verdun was officially locked down.[2] The German artillery attacks failed,[7] although the citadel of Verdun was severely damaged.[8] General Marnier, commanding the French garrison, launched strong raids that were initially victorious. Meanwhile, the German generals were preoccupied with the Siege of Metz, so they lacked enough forces to also besiege Verdun.[6][7]
After the fall of Metz,[8] the German First Army reinforced the army besieging Verdun.[7] The French army at Verdun was at a disadvantage.[2] Faced with that situation, after a truce,[7] Verdun surrendered under rare favorable conditions.[2] The French garrison was taken prisoner, with the exception of the French National Guard. The French officers were paroled,[7] and materials, weapons, cannons, etc. of the city of Verdun were agreed to be restored once peace was restored. Not long after Verdun surrendered, the German army defeated the French fortress of Neuf-Brisach.[2]
References
edit- ^ Shackleton, Kevin R. (2017). Second to None: the Fighting 58th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. READHOWYOUWANT COM LTD. ISBN 978-1-5252-5831-2. OCLC 1004761482.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ollier, Edmund (1871). Cassell's history of the war between France and Germany, 1870–1871.
- ^ Badsey, Stephen (2014-06-06). The Franco-Prussian War 1870–1871. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4728-1016-8.
- ^ Simonds, Frank H. (2020-08-12). They Shall Not Pass. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 35. ISBN 978-3-7524-2417-1.
- ^ Neiberg, Michael S. (2003-12-04). Warfare and Society in Europe. p. 42. doi:10.4324/9780203643525. ISBN 9780429234576.
- ^ a b c Roberts, Sir Randal Howland (1871). Modern War, or, The Campaigns of the First Prussian Army, 1870–71. Chapman and Hall. p. 298-300.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Moltke, Helmuth (November 2, 1901). "The Franco-German war of 1870–71". New York: Harper – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Anonymous, The Battle of Verdun 1914 to 1918, Kessinger Publishing Company
- ^ Tucker, Spencer (2005). World War I: A–D. ABC-CLIO. p. 1218.
- ^ The New York times current history: the European war. New York. 1917–1920.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Sowerwine, Charles (2009). France since 1870: Culture, Society and the Making of the Republic. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-230-57338-3. OCLC 636277454.
- ^ Hindenburg, Page 14