Shuwpagwe Qalawebateqo (Adyghe: Къалэбатыкъо Шупагуэ) was a Circassian politician and military commander who served as the 1st leader of the Circassian Confederation from 1807 to 1827. He took part in the Russo-Circassian War.[1][2] Not much is recorded about Qalawebateqo.
Shuwpagwe Qalawebateqo | |
|---|---|
| Къалэбатыкъо Шупагуэ | |
 Coat of Arms of the Qalawebateqo clan | |
 Confederate Leader of Circassia (de jure) | |
| In office 1807–1827 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Ismail Berzeg (de facto) |
| Nickname | Son of Qalubat |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Circassian Confederation |
| Battles/wars | Russo-Circassian War |
Biography edit
Early life edit
Not much is recorded about Qalawebateqo, as Circassians did not write down their history, and all knowledge comes from Russian and British sources. His exact birth date is not known. Of Circassian Natukhaj nobility, he was raised with a martial education.
Name edit
His name translates to "Shuwpagwe, son of Qalubat". In 1807, Shuwpagwe Qalawebateqo self-proclaimed himself as the leader of the Circassian confederation, and divided Circassia into 12 major regions.[3][4][5][6]
Participation in the Russo-Circassian War edit
Qalawebateqo was a respected person all around Circassia and fought in the Russo-Circassian War.[7]
Leadership edit
In 1807, Shuwpagwe Qalawebateqo self-proclaimed himself as the leader of the Circassian confederation, and divided Circassia into 12 major regions.[7][8][9] These regions were Shapsugo-Natukhaj, Abdzakh, Chemguy, Barakay, Bzhedug, Kabardo-Besleney, Hatuqway, Makhosh, Bashilbey, Taberda, Abkhazia and Ubykh.[7][8][9]
In 1827, Ismail Berzeg officially declared the military confederation of the Circassian tribes. By the end of 1839, he managed to unite a significant part of the population under his control.[10][11] His nominal reign therefore came to an end.
Death edit
His death circumstances are not recorded in Russian, British or Circassian sources, and remain unknown.
References edit
- ^ Хункаров, Д. Урыс-Адыгэ зауэ
- ^ A.Ü. Arşivi, XII.V, Çerkez tarihi liderleri
- ^ Berkok, İsmail. Tarihte Kafkasya. İstanbul Matbaası.
- ^ Berkok, İsmail. Tarihte Kafkasya
- ^ KAFFED, Çerkes Özgürlük Meclisi
- ^ These regions were Shapsugo-Natukhaj, Abdzakh, Chemguy, Barakay, Bzhedug, Kabardo-Besleney, Hatuqway, Makhosh, Bashilbey, Taberda, Abkhazia and Ubykh.
- ^ a b c Berkok, İsmail. Tarihte Kafkasya. İstanbul Matbaası.
- ^ a b Berkok, İsmail. Tarihte Kafkasya
- ^ a b KAFFED, Çerkes Özgürlük Meclisi
- ^ Hatajuqua, Ali. "Hadji-Ismail Dagomuqua Berzeg, Circassian Warrior and Diplomat". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 7 (38).
- ^ D, S. Kronolojik Savaş Tarihi