Scolecomorphus kirkii (common names: Kirk's caecilian, Lake Tanganyika caecilian) is a species of caecilian in the family Scolecomorphidae. It is known from southern Malawi east of the Shire River, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania (including the Nguru, Udzungwa and Uluguru Mountains); the known distribution is discontinuous but the species is expected to occur in the intervening areas.[1][2][3]
| Scolecomorphus kirkii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Gymnophiona |
| Clade: | Apoda |
| Family: | Scolecomorphidae |
| Genus: | Scolecomorphus |
| Species: | S. kirkii
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| Binomial name | |
| Scolecomorphus kirkii Boulenger, 1883
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| Synonyms | |
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Scolecomorphus convexus Taylor, 1968 | |
Etymology edit
The specific name kirkii refers to Sir John Kirk, a Scottish diplomat, naturalist, and explorer.[4]
Description edit
Adults measure 215–463 mm (8.5–18.2 in) in snout–vent length; it is the largest Scolecomorphus species. There are 130–152 primary annuli (ring-shaped folds). The dorsal colouration is lavender-grey and extends to the sides such that it encroaches the flesh or cream coloured mid-ventral surfaces.[3] It is possible that the colouration is aposematic.[5]
Scolecomorphus kirkii is assumed to be viviparous and not to depend on bodies of water in its reproduction.[1] It is an efficient burrower that feeds on arthropods.[3] Among its predators is the fossorial snake Atractaspis aterrima, based on a S. kirkii individual found in the gut of this snake.[5]
Habitat and conservation edit
Scolecomorphus kirkii is a soil-dwelling species that occurs in montane and submontane forests, generally at elevations above 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level but sometimes down to 500 m (1,600 ft) asl. It can also live in secondary habitats like fruit gardens and small-holder agricultural areas.[1]
It is locally abundant. It can probably suffer from habitat disturbance and conversion caused by deforestation and agricultural intensification, although it is not known whether these constitute significant threats. It has been recorded in pet trade but only rarely. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as of "Least Concern".[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Scolecomorphus kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T59651A16944395. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T59651A16944395.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Scolecomorphus kirkii Boulenger, 1883". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ a b c "Scolecomorphus kirkii". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ Bo Beolens; Michael Watkins; Michael Grayson (22 April 2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
- ^ a b Gower, David J.; Rasmussen, Jens B.; Loader, Simon P.; Wilkinson, Mark (2004). "The caecilian amphibian Scolecomorphus kirkii Boulenger as prey of the burrowing asp Atractaspis aterrima Gunther: trophic relationships of fossorial vertebrates". African Journal of Ecology. 42 (2): 83–87. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.624.9868. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00495.x.