The Science of Identity Foundation (SIF) is a spiritual organization. It was founded by Chris Butler in 1970s, and is based out of Hawaii, United States. Its teachings on homosexuality and Islam have been criticised in the media.
| Abbreviation | SIF |
|---|---|
| Founder | Chris Butler |
| Founded at | Hawaii, United States |
| Type | Religious organization |
| Purpose | Educational, Philanthropic, Religious studies, Spirituality |
| Headquarters | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |
Region served | Worldwide |
| Services | Yoga classes |
| Website | scienceofidentity |
Formerly called | Hari Nama Society Holy Name Society |
History
editChris Butler, son of a communist anti-war activist, had entered the spiritual counterculture in 1960s, while enrolled at University of Hawaiʻi.[1][2] Soon, he joined the burgeoning Hare-Krishna movement as a guru, taking the name Sai Young, and amassed a group of disciples.[1]
However, after being publicly denounced by Swami Prabhupada, the leading exponent of the movement in U.S.A, Butler initiated under Prabhupada himself, joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), and received the name Siddhaswarupananda Paramahamsa.[3][2][4] But in a few years, their relationship turned sour as he deviated from ISKCON's ways, choosing to marry and allowing his disciples to keep their heads unshaved.[3][2] After the death of Prabhupada in 1977, Butler broke away from ISKCON and founded SIF, then known as the Hari Nama (lit. Holy Name) Society.[5] Simultaneously, he began to deemphasize ISKCON's rigid adherence to Vaishnava texts and promoted a range of eclectic views.[1][3]
In 1976, SIF's disciples launched a new political party — called the Independents for Godly Government — presenting themselves as a "multifaith coalition of conservative-minded reformers", and ran for the House of Representatives and Mayoral elections; the candidates did not disclose their links with SIF and explicitly claimed to have no affiliation with any religious organization including the Hare Krishna faith.[1] The party was funded by a variety of businesses, including two local newspapers and a health-food store chain, run by the disciples themselves.[6]
In the 1980s, he ran a late-night television show called "Chris Butler Speaks" on Channel 13.[7] Since the 90s, Butler has kept a low profile, rarely speaking in public; in 2017, the New Yorker reported that Butler presents himself less as a Hare Krishna dissident and more as a member of a worldwide Vaishnava movement.[1] Butler's wife Wai Lana has received acclaim for popularizing yoga through the Wai Lana Yoga show; in 2016, she was conferred with the Padma Shri award by the Government of India.[8]
Theology
editThe organization combines the teaching of yoga with aspects of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology.[9] Followers must practice vegetarianism and are not allowed to have intoxicants — including tea, and coffee — or have "illicit sex" — that is, engage in any sexual contact outside marriage —, or gamble.
Criticism
editButler's teachings included condemnation of homosexuality,[1][3] hostility towards Islam, and skepticism of science.[2][10][2][11][12][13]
The New Yorker notes that Butler's teachings from the 80s assert that engaging in hedonism like bisexuality would lead to pedophilia and bestiality.[1] Multiple ex-members of SIF have described it as a "cult"; Butler was "akin to a God" and not willing to be questioned.[3][10][14][13] They note Butler to have regularly engaged in mocking his devotees, publicly; it was said to be "a form of Krishna’s mercy".[2] Men were called "faggots" and women, "cunts".[2]
Response
editButler denies these allegations;[1][3] he had threatened to sue the Honolulu Star-Advertiser when they planned to publish accounts of ex-followers in 2019.[15]
Adherents
editTulsi Gabbard, a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election and two-time U.S. representative for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district, was associated with the SIF since her childhood; she accepts Butler as her spiritual guide.[1][10] Her father, Mike Gabbard, a Hawaii State Senator, noted for his opposition to homosexual marriage, too was associated with SIF; he viewed spirituality as a weapon against sexually deviant practices.[1][9][16][17] His wife Carol Gabbard was the treasurer of the SIF.[9]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Sanneh, Kelefa (October 30, 2017). "What Does Tulsi Gabbard Believe?". New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g Howley, Kerry (2019-06-11). "Tulsi Gabbard Had a Very Strange Childhood". New York. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Han, Yoonji. "Tulsi Gabbard's ties to the Science of Identity Foundation, a controversial religious sect that some call an abusive 'cult'". Insider. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ^ McMaster University; Lagace, Marc Lodge Andrew (May 2024). ""Mother of Yoga": Zhang Huilan, Chris Butler, and the Popularization of Yoga in the People's Republic of China". Journal of Yoga Studies. 5: 39–67. doi:10.34000/JoYS.2024.V5.002.
- ^ Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Siddhaswarupananda, Jagad Guru". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. pp. 411–412. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9.
[Butler] remained with ISKCON until after Prabhupada died in 1977. [...] He founded the Science of Identity Foundation as a vehicle to facilitate his teachings. [...] The Science of Identity Foundation (originally the Hari Nama or Holy Name Society) is located in Honolulu, Hawaii.
- ^ "How the American Sangh built up Tulsi Gabbard". caravanmagazine.in. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ Christensen, John (November 23, 1982). "Chris Butler: About this guru business". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. B-1.
- ^ Sarbacker, Stuart Ray (2021). Tracing the Path of Yoga: The History and Philosophy of Indian Mind-Body Discipline. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9781438481210.
- ^ a b c Bolante, Ronna (2004-08-01). "Who is Mike Gabbard?". Honolulu Magazine. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ a b c Hurley, Bevan (2022-10-16). "Tulsi Gabbard's ties to secretive cult may explain her perplexing political journey". The Independent. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ^ Stankov, Pavel (2015-03-19). "Cronyism in Hawai'i's politics". Ka Leo O Hawaii. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ Kaneya, Rui (2015-03-16). "Krishna Cult Rumors Still Dog Tulsi Gabbard". Honolulu Civil Beat. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ a b Hurley, Bevan (16 May 2015). "Disciples, deities and development". www.stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ "Whose side is Tulsi Gabbard on? | Oliver Wiseman". The Critic Magazine. 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ Cocke, Sophie (2019-01-27). "Chris Butler and Science of Identity Foundation criticize media, decline interviews". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ Issenberg, Sasha (2021). The Engagement: America's Quarter-Century Struggle Over Same-Sex Marriage. Knopf Doubleday. pp. 112–114. ISBN 9781984898517.
- ^ Columnist, Lance CollinsKa Leo Staff (2002-04-04). "Politics hide real issues". Ka Leo O Hawaii. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
