Sanicula crassicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common names Pacific black-snakeroot[1] and Pacific sanicle.
| Sanicula crassicaulis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Sanicula crassicaulis var. tripartita | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Genus: | Sanicula |
| Species: | S. crassicaulis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Sanicula crassicaulis | |
Description
editIt is a perennial herb producing a thick stem up to 1.2 meters tall from a taproot. The leaves have blades up to 13 centimeters long which are divided into a few deep lobes and edged with small teeth. The inflorescence is made up of one or more heads of bisexual and male-only flowers with tiny, curving, yellow petals (var. tripartita flowers may range from yellow, brown, or purple). Each head has approximately five leaflike, lance-shaped bracts at its base. The rounded fruits are a few millimeters long, covered in curving prickles, and borne in small clusters.[2]
Distribution and habitat
editSanicula crassicaulis has an amphitropical distribution and is native to the west coast of North America and southern South America.[3]
In North America, it ranges from British Columbia to Baja California, where it can be found in many types of habitat, including mountain slopes, grassland, and woodlands.[4][5] In South America, it ranges from Coquimbo Region to Los Lagos Region in Chile, and Chubut Province, Neuquén Province, and Mendoza Province in Argentina.[6] It is also introduced to the Juan Fernández Islands, where it is invasive.[7]
Taxonomy
editThere are two varieties:[8][9]
- Sanicula crassicaulis var. crassicaulis (Poepp. ex. DC.) – Pacific sanicle – British Columbia to California; west of the Cascades and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington.[9]
- Sanicula crassicaulis var. tripartita (Suksdorf) H. Wolff – Three-parted Pacific sanicle – southwestern British Columbia to Klickitat County in Washington; west of the Cascades and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington.[9]
References
edit- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sanicula crassicaulis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ "E-Flora BC Atlas Page | Sanicula crassicaulis". linnet.geog.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ Constance, Lincoln (1963). "Introduction and Historical Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 38 (2): 109–116. ISSN 0033-5770.
- ^ "Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria | Query: Sanicula crassicaulis". www.pnwherbaria.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ "OregonFlora | Sanicula crassicaulis". oregonflora.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Morrone, Osvaldo; Belgrano, Manuel J.; Missouri Botanical Garden; Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (San Isidro, Argentina), eds. (2008). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. volumen 2 : Dicotyledoneae: Acanthaceae - Fabaceae (Abarema - Schizolobium). Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Vol. 2. St. Louis, Mo: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 1088. ISBN 978-1-930723-70-2. OCLC 294820637.
- ^ "Sanicula crassicaulis". Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. 25 March 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 | Sanicula crassicaulis | Pacific Black-snakeroot". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ a b c "Sanicula crassicaulis - Burke Herbarium Image Collection". burkeherbarium.org. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
